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The human condition

Isn’t slavery everyone’s condition on earth,
    our days like those of a hired worker?
        Like a slave we pant for a shadow,
            await our task like a hired worker.
So I have inherited months of emptiness;
    nights of toil have been measured out for me.
If I lie down and think—When will I get up?—
    night drags on,[a] and restless thoughts fill me until dawn.
My flesh is covered with worms and crusted earth;
    my skin hardens and oozes.
My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle;
    they reach their end without hope.[b]
Remember that my life is wind;
    my eyes won’t see pleasure again.
The eye that sees me now will no longer look on me;
    your eyes will be on me, and I won’t exist.
A cloud breaks apart and moves on—
    like the one who descends to the grave[c] and won’t rise,
10         won’t return home again,
        won’t be recognized in town anymore.

Job wants to be left alone

11 But I won’t keep quiet;
    I will speak in the adversity of my spirit,
    groan in the bitterness of my life.
12 Am I Sea[d] or the Sea Monster[e]
    that you place me under guard?
13 If I say, “My couch will comfort me,”
    my bed will diminish my murmuring.
14 You scare me with dreams,
    frighten me with visions.
15 I would choose strangling
    and death instead of my bones.
16 I reject life;[f] I don’t want to live long;
    leave me alone, for my days are empty.

A parody of Psalm 8

17 What are human beings, that you exalt them,
    that you take note of them,
18     visit them each morning,
    test them every moment?
19 Why not look away from me;
    let me alone until I swallow my spit?
20 If I sinned, what did I do to you,
    guardian of people?
Why have you made me your target
    so that I’m a burden to myself?
21 Why not forgive my sin,
    overlook my iniquity?
Then I would lie down in the dust;
    you would search hard for me,
    and I would not exist.

Bildad defends God

Bildad from Shuah responded:

How long will you mouth such things
    such that your utterances become a strong wind?
Does God pervert justice,
    or does the Almighty distort what is right?
If your children sinned against him,
    then he delivered them into the power of their rebellion.
If you will search eagerly for God,
    plead with the Almighty.
If you are pure and do the right thing,
    then surely he will become active on your behalf
    and reward your innocent dwelling.
Although your former state was ordinary,
    your future will be extraordinary.

Tradition

Ask a previous generation
        and verify the findings of your ancestors,
    for we are only recently here and don’t know
        because our days on earth are a shadow.
10 Won’t they instruct you and tell you;
    will words not[g] proceed from their hearts?

Examples from nature

11 Does papyrus grow apart from a marsh?
    Does a reed flourish without water?
12         While still tender, uncut,
        it will wither before every other grass.
13 So are the paths of all who forget God.
    Hope perishes for the godless,
14     whose confidence is a fragile thing,[h]
        their trust, a spider’s web.
15 He leans on its web, and it doesn’t stand;
    grasps it, and it can’t remain in place.
16 It’s like a well-watered plant in the sun;
    its runners spread over its gardens.
17 Its roots are entwined over a pile of rocks,
    for it sees a home among stones.
18 If it’s uprooted from its place,
    it lies, saying, “I can’t see you.”
19 Surely its way is a joy,
    for from the dust other plants[i] sprout.

God’s faithfulness

20 Surely God won’t reject integrity,
    won’t strengthen the hand of the wicked.
21 He will still fill your mouth with joy,
    your lips with a victorious shout.
22 Those who hate you will be clothed with shame,
    and the tent of the wicked will vanish.

Footnotes

  1. Job 7:4 Heb uncertain
  2. Job 7:6 Or thread
  3. Job 7:9 Heb Sheol
  4. Job 7:12 Heb Yam, a sea god
  5. Job 7:12 Heb Tannin, a sea dragon
  6. Job 7:16 Heb lacks life.
  7. Job 8:10 Heb lacks not.
  8. Job 8:14 Heb uncertain
  9. Job 8:19 Heb lacks plants.

“Do not mortals have hard service(A) on earth?(B)
    Are not their days like those of hired laborers?(C)
Like a slave longing for the evening shadows,(D)
    or a hired laborer waiting to be paid,(E)
so I have been allotted months of futility,
    and nights of misery have been assigned to me.(F)
When I lie down I think, ‘How long before I get up?’(G)
    The night drags on, and I toss and turn until dawn.(H)
My body is clothed with worms(I) and scabs,
    my skin is broken and festering.(J)

“My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle,(K)
    and they come to an end without hope.(L)
Remember, O God, that my life is but a breath;(M)
    my eyes will never see happiness again.(N)
The eye that now sees me will see me no longer;
    you will look for me, but I will be no more.(O)
As a cloud vanishes(P) and is gone,
    so one who goes down to the grave(Q) does not return.(R)
10 He will never come to his house again;
    his place(S) will know him no more.(T)

11 “Therefore I will not keep silent;(U)
    I will speak out in the anguish(V) of my spirit,
    I will complain(W) in the bitterness of my soul.(X)
12 Am I the sea,(Y) or the monster of the deep,(Z)
    that you put me under guard?(AA)
13 When I think my bed will comfort me
    and my couch will ease my complaint,(AB)
14 even then you frighten me with dreams
    and terrify(AC) me with visions,(AD)
15 so that I prefer strangling and death,(AE)
    rather than this body of mine.(AF)
16 I despise my life;(AG) I would not live forever.(AH)
    Let me alone;(AI) my days have no meaning.(AJ)

17 “What is mankind that you make so much of them,
    that you give them so much attention,(AK)
18 that you examine them every morning(AL)
    and test them(AM) every moment?(AN)
19 Will you never look away from me,(AO)
    or let me alone even for an instant?(AP)
20 If I have sinned, what have I done to you,(AQ)
    you who see everything we do?
Why have you made me your target?(AR)
    Have I become a burden to you?[a](AS)
21 Why do you not pardon my offenses
    and forgive my sins?(AT)
For I will soon lie down in the dust;(AU)
    you will search for me, but I will be no more.”(AV)

Bildad

Then Bildad the Shuhite(AW) replied:

“How long will you say such things?(AX)
    Your words are a blustering wind.(AY)
Does God pervert justice?(AZ)
    Does the Almighty pervert what is right?(BA)
When your children sinned against him,
    he gave them over to the penalty of their sin.(BB)
But if you will seek God earnestly
    and plead(BC) with the Almighty,(BD)
if you are pure and upright,
    even now he will rouse himself on your behalf(BE)
    and restore you to your prosperous state.(BF)
Your beginnings will seem humble,
    so prosperous(BG) will your future be.(BH)

“Ask the former generation(BI)
    and find out what their ancestors learned,
for we were born only yesterday and know nothing,(BJ)
    and our days on earth are but a shadow.(BK)
10 Will they not instruct(BL) you and tell you?
    Will they not bring forth words from their understanding?(BM)
11 Can papyrus grow tall where there is no marsh?(BN)
    Can reeds(BO) thrive without water?
12 While still growing and uncut,
    they wither more quickly than grass.(BP)
13 Such is the destiny(BQ) of all who forget God;(BR)
    so perishes the hope of the godless.(BS)
14 What they trust in is fragile[b];
    what they rely on is a spider’s web.(BT)
15 They lean on the web,(BU) but it gives way;
    they cling to it, but it does not hold.(BV)
16 They are like a well-watered plant in the sunshine,
    spreading its shoots(BW) over the garden;(BX)
17 it entwines its roots around a pile of rocks
    and looks for a place among the stones.
18 But when it is torn from its spot,
    that place disowns(BY) it and says, ‘I never saw you.’(BZ)
19 Surely its life withers(CA) away,
    and[c] from the soil other plants grow.(CB)

20 “Surely God does not reject one who is blameless(CC)
    or strengthen the hands of evildoers.(CD)
21 He will yet fill your mouth with laughter(CE)
    and your lips with shouts of joy.(CF)
22 Your enemies will be clothed in shame,(CG)
    and the tents(CH) of the wicked will be no more.”(CI)

Footnotes

  1. Job 7:20 A few manuscripts of the Masoretic Text, an ancient Hebrew scribal tradition and Septuagint; most manuscripts of the Masoretic Text I have become a burden to myself.
  2. Job 8:14 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.
  3. Job 8:19 Or Surely all the joy it has / is that

Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? are not his days also like the days of an hireling?

As a servant earnestly desireth the shadow, and as an hireling looketh for the reward of his work:

So am I made to possess months of vanity, and wearisome nights are appointed to me.

When I lie down, I say, When shall I arise, and the night be gone? and I am full of tossings to and fro unto the dawning of the day.

My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust; my skin is broken, and become loathsome.

My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle, and are spent without hope.

O remember that my life is wind: mine eye shall no more see good.

The eye of him that hath seen me shall see me no more: thine eyes are upon me, and I am not.

As the cloud is consumed and vanisheth away: so he that goeth down to the grave shall come up no more.

10 He shall return no more to his house, neither shall his place know him any more.

11 Therefore I will not refrain my mouth; I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul.

12 Am I a sea, or a whale, that thou settest a watch over me?

13 When I say, My bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my complaints;

14 Then thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me through visions:

15 So that my soul chooseth strangling, and death rather than my life.

16 I loathe it; I would not live alway: let me alone; for my days are vanity.

17 What is man, that thou shouldest magnify him? and that thou shouldest set thine heart upon him?

18 And that thou shouldest visit him every morning, and try him every moment?

19 How long wilt thou not depart from me, nor let me alone till I swallow down my spittle?

20 I have sinned; what shall I do unto thee, O thou preserver of men? why hast thou set me as a mark against thee, so that I am a burden to myself?

21 And why dost thou not pardon my transgression, and take away my iniquity? for now shall I sleep in the dust; and thou shalt seek me in the morning, but I shall not be.

Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said,

How long wilt thou speak these things? and how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a strong wind?

Doth God pervert judgment? or doth the Almighty pervert justice?

If thy children have sinned against him, and he have cast them away for their transgression;

If thou wouldest seek unto God betimes, and make thy supplication to the Almighty;

If thou wert pure and upright; surely now he would awake for thee, and make the habitation of thy righteousness prosperous.

Though thy beginning was small, yet thy latter end should greatly increase.

For enquire, I pray thee, of the former age, and prepare thyself to the search of their fathers:

(For we are but of yesterday, and know nothing, because our days upon earth are a shadow:)

10 Shall not they teach thee, and tell thee, and utter words out of their heart?

11 Can the rush grow up without mire? can the flag grow without water?

12 Whilst it is yet in his greenness, and not cut down, it withereth before any other herb.

13 So are the paths of all that forget God; and the hypocrite's hope shall perish:

14 Whose hope shall be cut off, and whose trust shall be a spider's web.

15 He shall lean upon his house, but it shall not stand: he shall hold it fast, but it shall not endure.

16 He is green before the sun, and his branch shooteth forth in his garden.

17 His roots are wrapped about the heap, and seeth the place of stones.

18 If he destroy him from his place, then it shall deny him, saying, I have not seen thee.

19 Behold, this is the joy of his way, and out of the earth shall others grow.

20 Behold, God will not cast away a perfect man, neither will he help the evil doers:

21 Till he fill thy mouth with laughing, and thy lips with rejoicing.

22 They that hate thee shall be clothed with shame; and the dwelling place of the wicked shall come to nought.