Malachi 2:10
New English Translation
The Rebellion of the People
10 Do we not all have one father?[a] Did not one God create us? Why do we betray one another, thus making light of the covenant of our ancestors?
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- Malachi 2:10 sn The rhetorical question Do we not all have one father? by no means teaches the “universal fatherhood of God,” that is, that all people equally are children of God. The reference to the covenant in v. 10 as well as to Israel and Judah (v. 11) makes it clear that the referent of “we” is God’s elect people.
Jeremiah 3:19
New English Translation
19 “I thought to myself,[a]
‘Oh what a joy it would be for me to treat you like a son![b]
What a joy it would be for me to give[c] you a pleasant land,
the most beautiful piece of property there is in all the world!’[d]
I thought you would call me ‘Father’[e]
and would never cease being loyal to me.[f]
Footnotes
- Jeremiah 3:19 tn Heb “And I myself said.” See note on “I thought that she might come back to me” in 3:7.
- Jeremiah 3:19 tn Heb “How I would place you among the sons.” Israel appears to be addressed here contextually as the Lord’s wife (see the next verse). The pronouns of address in the first two lines are second feminine singular, as are the readings of the two verbs preferred by the Masoretes (the Qere readings) in the third and fourth lines. The verbs that are written in the text in the third and fourth lines (the Kethib readings) are second masculine plural, as is the verb describing Israel’s treachery in the next verse.sn The imagery here appears to be that of treating the wife as an equal heir with the sons and of giving her the best piece of property.
- Jeremiah 3:19 tn The words “What a joy it would be for me to” are not in the Hebrew text but are implied in the parallel structure.
- Jeremiah 3:19 tn Heb “the most beautiful heritage among the nations.”
- Jeremiah 3:19 tn Heb “my father.”
- Jeremiah 3:19 tn Heb “turn back from [following] after me.”
Jeremiah 31:9
New English Translation
9 They will come back shedding tears of contrition.
I will bring them back praying prayers of repentance.[a]
I will lead them besides streams of water,
along smooth paths where they will never stumble.[b]
I will do this because I am Israel’s father;
Ephraim[c] is my firstborn son.’”
Footnotes
- Jeremiah 31:9 tn Heb “They will come with weeping; I will bring them with supplication.” The ideas of contrition and repentance are implicit from the context (cf. vv. 18-19) and are supplied for clarity.
- Jeremiah 31:9 sn Jer 31:8-9 are reminiscent of the “New Exodus” motif of Isa 40-66, which has already been referred to in Jer 16:14-15 and 23:7-8. See especially Isa 35:3-10; 40:3-5, 11; 41:17-20; 42:14-17; 43:16-21; 49:9-13. As there, the New Exodus will so outstrip the old that the old will pale in comparison and be almost forgotten (see Jer 23:7-8).
- Jeremiah 31:9 sn Ephraim was the second son of Joseph, who was elevated to a place of prominence in the family of Jacob by the patriarch’s special blessing. It was the strongest tribe in northern Israel, and Samaria lay in its territory. It is often used as a poetic parallel for Israel, as here. The poetry is not speaking of two separate entities here; it is a way of repeating an idea for emphasis. Moreover, there is no intent to show special preference for northern Israel over Judah. All Israel is metaphorically God’s son and the object of his special care and concern (Exod 4:22; Deut 32:6).
Isaiah 63:16
New English Translation
16 For you are our father,
though Abraham does not know us
and Israel does not recognize us.
You, Lord, are our father;
you have been called our Protector from ancient times.[a]
Footnotes
- Isaiah 63:16 tn Heb “our protector [or “redeemer”] from antiquity [is] your name.”
1 Chronicles 29:10
New English Translation
David Praises the Lord
10 David praised the Lord before the entire assembly:[a]
“O Lord God of our father Israel, you deserve praise forevermore!
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- 1 Chronicles 29:10 tn Heb “assembly, and David said.” The words “and David said” are redundant according to contemporary English style and have not been included in the translation.
Malachi 1:6
New English Translation
The Sacrilege of Priestly Service
6 “A son naturally honors his father and a slave respects[a] his master. If I am your[b] father, where is my honor? If I am your master, where is my respect? The Lord of Heaven’s Armies asks you this, you priests who make light of my name! But you reply, ‘How have we made light of your name?’
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- Malachi 1:6 tn The verb “respects” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. It is understood by ellipsis (see “honors” in the preceding line).
- Malachi 1:6 tn The pronoun “your” is supplied in the translation for clarification (also a second time before “master” later in this verse).
Proverbs 3:12
New English Translation
12 For the Lord disciplines[a] those he loves,
just as a father[b] disciplines[c] the son in whom he delights.
Footnotes
- Proverbs 3:12 tn Heb “chastens.” The verb יָכַח (yakhakh) here means “to chasten; to punish” (HALOT 410 s.v. יכח 1) or “to correct; to rebuke” (BDB 407 s.v. 6). The context suggests some kind of corporeal discipline rather than mere verbal rebuke or cognitive correction. This verse is quoted in Heb 12:5-6 to show that suffering in the service of the Lord is a sign of membership in the covenant community (i.e., sonship).
- Proverbs 3:12 tc MT reads וּכְאָב (ukheʾav, “and like a father”) but the LXX reflects the Hiphil verb וְיַכְאִב (veyakhʾiv, “and scourges every son he receives”). Both readings fit the parallelism; however, it is unnecessary to emend MT which makes perfectly good sense. The fact that the writer of Hebrews quotes this passage from the LXX and it became part of the inspired NT text does not mean that the LXX reflects the original Hebrew reading here.
- Proverbs 3:12 tn The verb “disciplines” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is implied by the parallelism; it is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity.
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