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Word Against Egypt

46 That which came as the word of Yahweh to Jeremiah the prophet (A)concerning the nations.

To (B)Egypt, concerning the military force of (C)Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt, which was by the Euphrates River at (D)Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck down in the (E)fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah:

(F)Arrange the shield and large shield,
And draw near for the battle!
Harness the horses,
And [a]mount the steeds,
And take your stand with helmets on!
(G)Polish the spears,
Put on the (H)scale-armor!
Why have I seen it?
They are shattered;
They are (I)drawing back,
And their (J)mighty men are crushed
And have fled to refuge,
Without facing back;
[b](K)Terror is on every side!”
Declares Yahweh.
Let not the (L)swift man flee,
Nor the mighty man escape;
In the north beside the river Euphrates
They have (M)stumbled and fallen.
Who is this that (N)rises like the Nile,
Like the rivers whose waters toss about?
Egypt rises like the Nile,
Even like the rivers whose waters toss about;
And He has said, “I will (O)rise and cover that land;
I will surely (P)cause the city to perish, as well as its inhabitants.”
Go up, you horses, and [c](Q)drive madly, you chariots,
That the mighty men may go forth:
[d]Ethiopia and [e](R)Put, who seize the shield,
And the [f](S)Lydians, who seize and bend the bow.
10 Indeed, (T)that day belongs to Lord Yahweh of hosts,
A day of (U)vengeance, so as to avenge Himself on His adversaries;
And the (V)sword will devour and be satiated
And [g]drink its fill of their blood;
For there will be a (W)sacrifice to Lord Yahweh of hosts
In the land of the north by the river Euphrates.
11 Go (X)up to Gilead and obtain balm,
(Y)O virgin daughter of Egypt!
In vain have you multiplied [h]remedies;
There is (Z)no healing for you.
12 The nations have heard of your (AA)disgrace,
And the earth is full of your (AB)outcry;
For one (AC)warrior has stumbled over [i]another,
And both of them have fallen down together.

13 This is the [j]message which Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah the prophet about the (AD)coming of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to (AE)strike down the land of Egypt:

14 “Declare in Egypt and cause it to be heard in (AF)Migdol;
Cause it to be heard also in Memphis and (AG)Tahpanhes;
Say, ‘Take your stand and get yourself ready,
For the (AH)sword has devoured those around you.’
15 Why are your (AI)mighty ones thrown down?
They do not stand because Yahweh has (AJ)thrust them down.
16 They have repeatedly (AK)stumbled;
Indeed, they have fallen one against another.
Then they said, ‘Rise up! And (AL)let us return
To our own people and land of our birth
Away from the [k](AM)sword of the oppressor.’
17 [l]They called out there, ‘Pharaoh king of Egypt is but (AN)a rumbling;
He has let the appointed time pass by!’
18 As I live,” declares the (AO)King
Whose name is Yahweh of hosts,
“Surely one shall come who looms up like (AP)Tabor among the mountains,
Or like (AQ)Carmel by the sea.
19 Make your baggage ready for (AR)exile,
O inhabitant of the (AS)daughter of Egypt,
For (AT)Memphis will become a desolation;
It will even be turned into ruin and without inhabitants.
20 Egypt is a pretty (AU)heifer,
But a [m]horsefly is coming (AV)from the north—it is coming!
21 Also her (AW)mercenaries in her midst
Are like [n]fattened (AX)calves,
For even they have turned back and have fled away together;
They did not stand their ground.
For the day of their disaster has come upon them,
The time of their (AY)punishment.
22 Its sound moves along like a serpent;
For they move on [o]like a military force
And come to her as woodcutters with axes.
23 They have cut down her (AZ)forest,” declares Yahweh;
“Surely it will no longer be searched out,
Even though [p]they are now more numerous than (BA)locusts
And are without number.
24 The daughter of Egypt has been put to shame,
Given over to the hand of the (BB)people of the north.”

25 Yahweh of hosts, the God of Israel, says, “Behold, I am going to punish Amon of (BC)Thebes, and (BD)Pharaoh, and Egypt along with her (BE)gods and her kings, even Pharaoh and those who (BF)trust in him. 26 I shall give them into the hand of those who are (BG)seeking their lives, even into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and into the hand of his servants. (BH)Afterwards, however, it will be dwelt in like in the days of old,” declares Yahweh.

27 “But as for you, O Jacob My servant, (BI)do not fear,
Nor be dismayed, O Israel!
For behold, I am going to (BJ)save you from afar,
And your seed from the land of their captivity;
And Jacob will return and have (BK)quiet
And be at ease, with no one making him tremble.
28 O Jacob My servant, do not fear,” declares Yahweh,
“For (BL)I am with you.
For I will make a complete destruction of all the nations
Where I have banished you,
Yet I will (BM)not make a complete destruction of you;
But I will (BN)discipline you with justice
And by no means leave you unpunished.”

Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 46:4 Or go up, you horsemen
  2. Jeremiah 46:5 Heb Magor-missabib
  3. Jeremiah 46:9 Lit act like madmen
  4. Jeremiah 46:9 Or Cush, cf. Gen 10:6
  5. Jeremiah 46:9 Libya (or Somaliland)
  6. Jeremiah 46:9 Heb Ludim
  7. Jeremiah 46:10 Lit be saturated with
  8. Jeremiah 46:11 Lit healings
  9. Jeremiah 46:12 Lit warrior
  10. Jeremiah 46:13 Lit word
  11. Jeremiah 46:16 Lit oppressing sword
  12. Jeremiah 46:17 Some ancient versions Call the name of Pharaoh a rumbling
  13. Jeremiah 46:20 Or possibly mosquito
  14. Jeremiah 46:21 Lit of the stall
  15. Jeremiah 46:22 Or in force
  16. Jeremiah 46:23 Trees of the forest, the Egyptians

VIII. Oracles Against the Nations[a]

Chapter 46

The word of the Lord that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the nations.

Against Egypt. Concerning Egypt. Against the army of Pharaoh Neco, king of Egypt, defeated at Carchemish on the Euphrates[b] by Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, son of Josiah, king of Judah:

Prepare buckler and shield!
    move forward to battle!
Harness the horses,
    charioteers, mount up!
Fall in, with helmets on;
    polish your spears, put on your armor.
What do I see?
    Are they panicking, falling apart?
    Their warriors are hammered back,
They flee headlong
    never making a stand.
Terror on every side—
    oracle of the Lord!(A)
The swift cannot flee,
    nor the warrior escape:
There up north, on the banks of the Euphrates
    they stumble and fall.
Who is this? Like the Nile, it rears up;
    like rivers, its waters surge.
Egypt rears up like the Nile,
    like rivers, its waters surge.
“I will rear up,” it says, “and cover the earth,
    destroying the city and its people.(B)
Forward, horses!
    charge, chariots!
March forth, warriors,
    Cush and Put, bearing shields,
    Archers of Lud, stretching bows!”
10 Today belongs to the Lord God of hosts,
    a day of vengeance, vengeance on his foes!
The sword devours and is sated, drunk with their blood:
    for the Lord God of hosts holds a sacrifice
    in the land of the north, on the River Euphrates.(C)
11 Go up to Gilead, procure balm,
    Virgin daughter Egypt!
No use to multiply remedies;
    for you there is no healing.(D)
12 The nations hear your cries,
    your screaming fills the earth.
Warrior stumbles against warrior,
    both collapse together.(E)

13 (F)The word that the Lord spoke to Jeremiah the prophet when Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon, came to attack the land of Egypt:[c]

14 Proclaim in Egypt, announce in Migdol,
    announce in Memphis and Tahpanhes!
Say: Fall in, get ready,
    the sword has devoured your neighbors.(G)
15 Why has Apis[d] fled?
    Your champion did not stand,
Because the Lord thrust him down;
16     he stumbled repeatedly then collapsed.
They said to each other,
    “Get up! We must return to our own people,
To the land of our birth,
    away from the destroying sword.”(H)
17 Give Pharaoh, king of Egypt, the name
    “Braggart-missed-his-chance.”[e]
18 As I live, says the King
    whose name is Lord of hosts,
Like Tabor above mountains,
    like Carmel[f] above the sea, he comes.
19 Pack your bags for exile,
    enthroned daughter Egypt;
Memphis shall become a wasteland,
    an empty ruin.
20 Egypt is a beautiful heifer,
    a horsefly from the north keeps coming.
21 Even the mercenaries in her ranks
    are like fattened calves;
They too turn and flee together—
    they do not stand their ground,
For their day of ruin comes upon them,
    their time of punishment.
22 Her voice is like a snake!
    Yes, they come in force;
They attack her with axes,
    like those who fell trees.
23 They cut down her forest—oracle of the Lord
    impenetrable though it be;
More numerous than locusts,
    they cannot be counted.
24 Shamed is daughter Egypt,
    handed over to a people from the north.

25 The Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, has said: See! I will punish Amon[g] of Thebes and Egypt, gods, kings, Pharaoh, and those who trust in him.(I) 26 I will hand them over to those who seek their lives, to Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon, and to his officers. But later, Egypt shall be inhabited again, as in days of old—oracle of the Lord.(J)

27 But you, my servant Jacob, do not fear;
    do not be dismayed, Israel!
Listen! I will deliver you from far-off lands;
    your offspring, from the land of their exile.
Jacob shall again find rest,
    secure, with none to frighten him.(K)
28 You, Jacob my servant, must not fear—oracle of the Lord
    for I am with you;
I will make an end of all the nations
    to which I have driven you,
But of you I will not make an end:
    I will chastise you as you deserve,
    I cannot let you go unpunished.(L)

Footnotes

  1. 46:1–51:64 A collection of oracles against foreign nations constitutes the final section of the Hebrew text of Jeremiah; in the Greek text they follow 25:13. The oracles here appear to be arranged in loose chronological order: 46:2 mentions the fourth year of Jehoiakim; the oracles in 50:1–51:64 are evidently from the end of Jeremiah’s life.
  2. 46:2 Carchemish on the Euphrates: the western terminus of the Mesopotamian trade route, where Nebuchadnezzar defeated Pharaoh Neco in 605 B.C., thus gaining undisputed control of Syria and Palestine.
  3. 46:13 In 601 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar advanced into Egypt itself, but finally had to withdraw to Syria.
  4. 46:15 Apis: the chief god of Memphis; the black bull honored as an incarnation of the god Ptah and, later, of the god Osiris.
  5. 46:17 “Braggart-missed-his-chance”: the Hebrew phrase may contain a pun on the Pharaoh’s name or royal title.
  6. 46:18 Tabor…Carmel: mountains in Palestine that seem to tower over their surroundings as Nebuchadnezzar towers over the nations in his path as he makes his way toward Egypt.
  7. 46:25 Amon: the sun-god worshiped at Thebes in Upper Egypt.