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Seventy Years in Babylon

25 A message from the Lord about all the people of Judah came to Jeremiah. It came in the fourth year that Jehoiakim was the king of Judah. It was the first year that Nebuchadnezzar was the king of Babylon. Jehoiakim was the son of Josiah. Jeremiah, the Lord’s prophet, spoke to all the people of Judah and Jerusalem. He said, “For 23 years the Lord’s messages have been coming to me. They began to come in the 13th year that Josiah was king of Judah. He was the son of Amon. The Lord’s messages still come to me today. I’ve spoken to you people again and again. But you haven’t listened to me.

“The Lord has sent all his servants the prophets to you. They’ve come to you again and again. But you haven’t listened. You haven’t paid any attention to them. They said, ‘Each of you must turn from your evil ways and practices. Then you can stay in the land forever. It’s the land the Lord gave you and your people of long ago. Don’t follow other gods. Don’t serve them or worship them. Don’t make the Lord angry with the gods your own hands have made. Then he won’t harm you.’

“ ‘But you did not listen to me,’ announces the Lord. ‘You have made me very angry with the gods your hands have made. And you have brought harm on yourselves.’

“The Lord who rules over all says, ‘You have not listened to my words. So I will send for all the nations in the north. And I will send for my servant Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon,’ announces the Lord. ‘I will bring all of them against this land and against you who live here. They will march out against all the nations that are around this land. I will set apart Judah and the nations around it in a special way to be destroyed. People will be shocked because of them. And they will make fun of them. Those nations will be destroyed forever. 10 I will put an end to the sounds of joy and gladness. I will put an end to the voices of brides and grooms. The sound of grinding millstones will not be heard anymore. And lamps will not be lit anymore. 11 This whole country will become dry and empty. And these nations will serve the king of Babylon for 70 years.

12 “ ‘But I will punish that king and his nation because they are guilty. I will do this when the 70 years are over,’ announces the Lord. ‘I will make that land a desert forever. 13 I have spoken against that land. And I will make all these things happen to it. Everything will happen that is written in this book. And I will make everything Jeremiah prophesied against all the nations come true. 14 The people of Babylon will become slaves of many other nations and great kings. I will pay them back for what they have done.’ ”

The Cup of God’s Great Anger

15 The Lord is the God of Israel. He said to me, “Take this cup from my hand. It is filled with the wine of my great anger. Make all the nations to which I send you drink it. 16 When they drink it, they will not even be able to walk straight. It will drive them out of their minds. I am going to send war against them.” 17 So I took the cup from the Lord’s hand. I made all the nations to which he sent me drink from it.

18 He sent me to Judah’s kings and officials. He told me to go to Jerusalem and the towns of Judah. He wanted me to tell them they would be destroyed. Then people would be shocked because of them. They would make fun of them. They would use their name in a curse. And that’s how things still are today.

19 Here is a list of the other kings and nations he sent me to.

Pharaoh, the king of Egypt

his attendants, his officials, all his people

20 all the people from other lands who lived there

all the kings of Uz

the Philistine kings of Ashkelon, Gaza and Ekron

the Philistines still living in Ashdod

21 Edom, Moab, Ammon

22 all the kings of Tyre and Sidon

the kings of the islands and other lands along the Mediterranean Sea

23 Dedan, Teman, Buz

all the other places far away in the east

24 all the kings of Arabia

all the other kings of people who live in the desert

25 all the kings of Zimri, Elam and Media

26 all the kings in the north, near and far

So he sent me to all the kingdoms on the face of the earth, one after the other. They will all drink from the cup of the Lord’s anger. After they drink, the king of Babylon will drink from it too.

27 The Lord says, “Tell them, ‘The Lord who rules over all is the God of Israel. He says, “Drink from this cup. Get drunk and throw up. Fall down and do not get up again. I am going to send war against you.” ’ 28 But they might refuse to take the cup from your hand. They might not want to drink from it. Then tell them, ‘The Lord who rules over all says, “You must drink from it! 29 I am beginning to bring trouble on the city where I have put my Name. You might think you will not be punished. But you will certainly be punished. I am sending war against everyone who lives on earth,” announces the Lord who rules over all.’

30 “Jeremiah, prophesy against them. Tell them,

“ ‘The Lord will roar from heaven like a lion.
    His voice will sound like thunder
    from his holy temple there.
He will roar loudly against his land.
    He will shout like those who stomp on grapes in winepresses.
    He will shout against everyone who lives on earth.
31 The noise of battle will be heard
    from one end of the earth to the other.
    That’s because the Lord will bring charges against the nations.
He will judge every human being.
    He will kill sinful people with his sword,’ ”
    announces the Lord.

32 The Lord who rules over all says,

“Look! Horrible trouble is spreading
    from one nation to another.
A mighty storm is rising.
    It is coming from a place
    that is very far away.”

33 At that time those the Lord kills will be lying around everywhere. They will be found from one end of the earth to the other. No one will mourn for them. Their dead bodies will not be gathered up or buried. Instead, they will be like human waste lying there on the ground.

34 Weep and cry, you shepherds.
    Roll in the dust, you leaders of the flock.
Your time to be killed has come.
    You will fall like the best of the rams.
35 The shepherds won’t have any place to run to.
    The leaders of the flock won’t be able to escape.
36 Listen to the cries of the shepherds.
    Hear the weeping of the leaders of the flock.
    The Lord is destroying their grasslands.
37 Their peaceful meadows will be completely destroyed
    because of the Lord’s great anger.
38 Like a lion he will leave his den.
    The land of those leaders will become a desert.
That’s because the sword of the Lord brings great harm.
    His anger will burn against them.

Seventy Years of Captivity

25 (A)The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah (that was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon), which Jeremiah the prophet spoke to all the people of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem: “For twenty-three years, (B)from the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah, to this day, the word of the Lord has come to me, and I have spoken (C)persistently to you, (D)but you have not listened. (E)You have neither listened nor inclined your ears to hear, although the Lord (F)persistently sent to you all his servants the prophets, saying, (G)‘Turn now, every one of you, (H)from his evil way and evil deeds, and (I)dwell upon the land that the Lord has given to you and your fathers from of old and forever. (J)Do not go after other gods to serve and worship them, (K)or provoke me to anger (L)with the work of your hands. Then I will do you no harm.’ (M)Yet you have not listened to me, declares the Lord, (N)that you might provoke me to anger (O)with the work of your hands to your own harm.

“Therefore thus says the Lord of hosts: Because you have not obeyed my words, (P)behold, I will send for all the tribes of the north, declares the Lord, and for Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, (Q)my servant, and I will bring them against this land and its inhabitants, and against all these surrounding nations. I will devote them to destruction, (R)and make them a horror, a hissing, and an everlasting desolation. 10 Moreover, (S)I will banish from them the voice of mirth and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, (T)the grinding of the millstones and (U)the light of the lamp. 11 (V)This whole land shall become a ruin and a waste, and (W)these nations shall serve the king of Babylon (X)seventy years. 12 Then after (Y)seventy years are completed, (Z)I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation, (AA)the land of the Chaldeans, for their iniquity, declares the Lord, (AB)making the land an everlasting waste. 13 I will bring upon that land all the words that I have uttered against it, everything written (AC)in this book, which Jeremiah prophesied against all the nations. 14 (AD)For many nations (AE)and great kings shall make slaves even of them, (AF)and I will recompense them according to their deeds and the work of their hands.”

The Cup of the Lord's Wrath

15 Thus the Lord, the God of Israel, said to me: (AG)“Take from my hand this cup of the wine of wrath, and make all the nations to whom I send you drink it. 16 They shall drink and stagger and be crazed because of (AH)the sword that I am sending among them.”

17 So I took the cup from the Lord's hand, (AI)and made all the nations to whom the Lord sent me drink it: 18 (AJ)Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, its kings and officials, (AK)to make them a desolation and a waste, a hissing and a curse, as at this day; 19 (AL)Pharaoh king of Egypt, his servants, his officials, all his people, 20 and (AM)all the mixed tribes among them; all the kings of (AN)the land of Uz and all the kings of (AO)the land of the Philistines ((AP)Ashkelon, (AQ)Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of (AR)Ashdod); 21 (AS)Edom, (AT)Moab, and the sons of (AU)Ammon; 22 all the kings of (AV)Tyre, all the kings of (AW)Sidon, and the kings of the coastland across (AX)the sea; 23 (AY)Dedan, (AZ)Tema, (BA)Buz, and all who cut (BB)the corners of their hair; 24 all the (BC)kings of Arabia and all the kings of (BD)the mixed tribes who dwell in the desert; 25 all the kings of Zimri, all the kings of (BE)Elam, and all the kings of (BF)Media; 26 all the kings of (BG)the north, far and near, one after another, and all the kingdoms of the world that are on the face of the earth. And after them the king of (BH)Babylon[a] shall drink.

27 “Then you shall say to them, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: (BI)Drink, be drunk and vomit, fall and rise no more, because of (BJ)the sword that I am sending among you.’

28 “And if they refuse to accept the cup from your hand to drink, then you shall say to them, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts: (BK)You must drink! 29 For behold, (BL)I begin to work disaster at the city that is called by my name, and shall you go unpunished? You shall not go unpunished, (BM)for I am summoning a sword against all the inhabitants of the earth, declares the Lord of hosts.’

30 “You, therefore, shall prophesy against them all these words, and say to them:

(BN)“‘The Lord will roar from on high,
    and from his holy habitation utter his voice;
he will roar mightily against his fold,
    (BO)and shout, like those who tread grapes,
    against all the inhabitants of the earth.
31 The clamor will resound to the ends of the earth,
    for (BP)the Lord has an indictment against the nations;
(BQ)he is entering into judgment with all flesh,
    and the wicked he will put to the sword,
declares the Lord.’

32 “Thus says the Lord of hosts:
Behold, disaster is going forth
    from nation to nation,
(BR)and a great tempest is stirring
    (BS)from the farthest parts of the earth!

33 (BT)“And those pierced by the Lord on that day shall extend from one end of the earth to the other. (BU)They shall not be lamented, (BV)or gathered, or buried; (BW)they shall be dung on the surface of the ground.

34 (BX)“Wail, (BY)you shepherds, and cry out,
    (BZ)and roll in ashes, you lords of the flock,
for the days of your slaughter and dispersion have come,
    and you shall fall like a choice vessel.
35 No refuge will remain (CA)for the shepherds,
    nor escape for the lords of the flock.
36 A voice—the cry (CB)of the shepherds,
    (CC)and the wail of the lords of the flock!
For the Lord is laying waste their pasture,
37     (CD)and the peaceful folds are devastated
    (CE)because of the fierce anger of the Lord.
38 Like a lion (CF)he has left his lair,
    for their land has become a waste
because of (CG)the sword of the oppressor,
    (CH)and because of his fierce anger.”

Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 25:26 Hebrew Sheshach, a code name for Babylon

Où mène le refus d’obéir

25 Voici le message qui fut adressé à Jérémie au sujet de tout le peuple de Juda, la quatrième année de Yehoyaqim, fils de Josias, roi de Juda, ce qui correspond à la première année du règne de Nabuchodonosor, roi de Babylone[a]. Jérémie, le prophète, s’adressa à tout le peuple de Juda et à tous les habitants de Jérusalem en ces termes :

Depuis la treizième année de Josias, fils d’Amôn, roi de Juda, jusqu’à ce jour, cela fait vingt-trois ans que la parole de l’Eternel m’est adressée et que je vous la transmets, sans me lasser, mais vous ne m’avez pas écouté. L’Eternel vous a envoyé, sans se lasser, tous ses serviteurs les prophètes ; mais vous n’avez ni écouté ni prêté attention à leur message. Ils vous disaient : « Que chacun de vous abandonne sa mauvaise conduite et ses actes mauvais ! Alors vous demeurerez dans le pays que l’Eternel vous a donné, à vos ancêtres et à vous, depuis toujours et pour toujours. Ne courez pas après d’autres dieux pour leur rendre un culte et vous prosterner devant eux, et ne m’irritez pas par des idoles de votre fabrication ; alors je ne vous ferai pas de mal. » Mais vous ne m’avez pas écouté, déclare l’Eternel, et vous m’avez irrité par les idoles que vous vous êtes fabriquées, pour votre propre malheur.

C’est pourquoi, voici ce que déclare le Seigneur des armées célestes : Puisque vous n’avez pas écouté mes paroles, je vais envoyer chercher toutes les peuplades du nord – l’Eternel le déclare – et Nabuchodonosor, roi de Babylone, qui sera mon serviteur. Je les ferai venir contre ce pays et contre ses habitants, et contre tous les peuples qui l’entourent. Je les vouerai à l’extermination, je les dévasterai, j’en ferai pour toujours des ruines et l’on sifflera d’horreur à leur sujet. 10 Je ferai disparaître de chez eux tous les cris de réjouissance et d’allégresse, la voix du marié et de la mariée, le bruit de la meule et la lumière de la lampe. 11 Le pays tout entier ne sera plus que ruines et terre dévastée. L’ensemble de ces peuples seront assujettis au roi de Babylone pendant soixante-dix ans[b]. 12 Et au bout de ces soixante-dix ans, je demanderai compte de leur crime au roi de Babylone et à son peuple – l’Eternel le déclare – je sévirai contre le pays des Chaldéens et je le réduirai en désert pour toujours.

13 J’accomplirai contre ce pays toutes les menaces que j’ai proférées contre lui et tout ce qui est écrit dans ce livre, ce que Jérémie a prophétisé au sujet de ces divers peuples[c].

14 Car les Chaldéens eux-mêmes seront assujettis par des peuples nombreux et des rois puissants et je leur rendrai ce que leur auront valu leurs actes et leurs agissements.

La coupe de colère pour tous les peuples

15 Car voici ce que m’a déclaré l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël : Prends de ma main cette coupe du vin de la colère et donne-la à boire à tous les peuples vers lesquels je t’envoie. 16 Ils boiront, ils tituberont et seront comme fous devant l’épée que je vais envoyer contre eux.

17 Alors je pris la coupe de la main de l’Eternel et je fis boire tous les peuples vers lesquels l’Eternel m’avait envoyé. 18 Je fis boire Jérusalem, les villes de Juda, ses rois et ses hauts dignitaires, pour en faire une ruine et une terre dévastée, un objet de sifflements horrifiés et de malédiction[d], comme ils le sont à ce jour. 19 Je la fis boire au pharaon, le roi d’Egypte, et à ses fonctionnaires, à ses hauts dignitaires et à tout son peuple, 20 à tout le ramassis de peuples vivant dans leur pays[e], à tous les rois du pays d’Outs, à tous les rois des Philistins, à Ashkelôn, Gaza, Eqrôn et à ce qui reste d’Ashdod[f], 21 à Edom, à Moab ainsi qu’aux Ammonites ; 22 à tous les rois de Tyr, à tous ceux de Sidon ainsi qu’aux rois des îles et des régions côtières au-delà de la mer, 23 à Dedân, à Téma, à Bouz et à tous ceux qui se rasent le haut des joues[g] ; 24 à tous les rois de l’Arabie, à tous les rois des peuples habitant le désert ; 25 à tous les rois des Cimmériens, à tous les rois d’Elam, et à tous les rois de Médie[h] ; 26 à tous les rois du nord, rapprochés ou lointains, l’un après l’autre ; à tous les royaumes du monde répartis sur la terre. Et le roi de Shéshak[i] boira après eux tous.

27 Tu leur diras : Voici ce que déclare le Seigneur des armées célestes, Dieu d’Israël : Buvez, enivrez-vous, vomissez et tombez sans plus vous relever devant l’épée que j’envoie parmi vous ! 28 Si jamais ils refusent de prendre de ta main la coupe pour la boire, alors tu leur diras : Voici ce que déclare le Seigneur des armées célestes : Vous la boirez quand même ! 29 C’est sur la ville qui m’appartient que je commence à faire venir le malheur, et vous en seriez exemptés ? Non, vous n’en serez pas exemptés ! Car je fais venir l’épée contre tous les habitants de la terre, l’Eternel le déclare, le Seigneur des armées célestes.

30 Toi, tu leur prophétiseras toutes ces choses et puis tu leur diras :

L’Eternel rugit de là-haut,
de sa demeure sainte, ╵il donne de la voix,
il pousse des rugissements ╵contre son pâturage,
il crie contre tous les habitants de la terre ╵tout comme ceux qui foulent le raisin.
31 Le tumulte en parvient ╵aux confins de la terre,
car l’Eternel entre en procès ╵avec les peuples,
et il juge tous les humains,
il livre les méchants au glaive,
l’Eternel le déclare.
32 Voici ce que déclare ╵le Seigneur des armées célestes :
Un malheur se propage ╵d’un peuple à l’autre ;
des confins de la terre, ╵un terrible ouragan se lève.

33 Ce jour-là, les victimes frappées par l’Eternel joncheront le sol, d’un bout du monde à l’autre. Nul ne mènera deuil sur eux, on ne les recueillera pas pour les mettre au tombeau. Ils deviendront du fumier sur le sol.

34 Lamentez-vous, bergers, ╵poussez des cris !
Roulez-vous sur le sol, ╵vous puissants du troupeau,
car le jour du massacre ╵est arrivé pour vous.
Vous tomberez ╵et vous serez brisés ╵comme on brise un beau vase.

35 Alors les bergers perdront tout refuge ;
les puissants du troupeau ╵n’auront plus aucun moyen d’échapper.
36 On entend les clameurs ╵poussées par les bergers,
et les lamentations ╵des puissants du troupeau,
car l’Eternel dévaste ╵leurs pâturages.
37 Sous l’effet de son ardente colère,
les paisibles enclos ╵sont réduits au silence.
38 Il quitte sa retraite ╵comme un jeune lion.
Leur pays sera dévasté
à cause de l’épée[j] ╵des oppresseurs,
et de leur ardente colère.

Footnotes

  1. 25.1 En 605 av. J.-C., l’année où Nabuchodonosor vainquit les Egyptiens à Karkemish, vint à Jérusalem et imposa un tribut au roi Yehoyaqim (voir Dn 1.1-2).
  2. 25.11 Voir 29.10 ; Dn 9.2 ; 2 Ch 36.21.
  3. 25.13 C’est ici que l’ancienne version grecque insère les chapitres 46 à 51.
  4. 25.18 et de malédiction. Autre traduction : cité dans les formules d’imprécations.
  5. 25.20 L’Egypte a, de tout temps, reçu et cherché à assimiler des étrangers (voir Ex 12.38). Peu avant Jérémie, Psammétique avait enrôlé des Ioniens et des Cariens dans son armée.
  6. 25.20 Ashdod avait été considérablement réduite après le siège de 29 ans que lui avait imposé le pharaon Psammétique, le père du pharaon Néko.
  7. 25.23 Voir 9.25.
  8. 25.25 Les Cimmériens: peuple venant des monts d’Arménie. Selon d’autres, il s’agirait des rois de Zimri, région non identifiée. L’Elam et la Médie se trouvent au nord-est de la Babylonie.
  9. 25.26 Shéshak désigne Babylone, selon un procédé de codage qui consiste à remplacer la première lettre de l’alphabet par la dernière, la deuxième par l’avant-dernière, etc. (voir Jr 51.1).
  10. 25.38 l’épée: d’après plusieurs manuscrits hébreux, l’ancienne version grecque et Jr 46.16 ; 50.16. La plupart des manuscrits hébreux ont : la colère.