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The New Israel

31 The Lord says, “At that time I will be God of all Israel’s ·family groups [clans], and they will be my people [30:22].”

This is what the Lord says:

“The people who ·were not killed by the enemy’s [L survived the] sword
    found ·help [grace; favor] in the ·desert [wilderness; C as during the exodus from Egypt].
    I came to give rest to Israel.”

And from far away the Lord appeared to his people and said,

“I love you people
    with a ·love that will last forever [eternal love].
That is why I have continued
    showing you ·kindness [loyalty].
·People [L Virgin daughter] of Israel, I will build you up again,
    and you will be rebuilt.
You will pick up your tambourines again
    and dance with those who are joyful.
You will plant vineyards again
    on the hills around Samaria [C in northern Israel].
The ·farmers [L planters] will plant them
    and enjoy their fruit.
There will be a time when ·watchmen [sentinels; guards] in the mountains of Ephraim [C northern Israel] ·shout this message [L proclaim]:
    ‘·Come [L Get up], let’s go up to ·Jerusalem [L Zion; C the location of the Temple] to the Lord our God [C to worship]!’”

This is what the Lord says:

“·Be happy and sing [L Sing with joy] for the people of Jacob.
    Shout for Israel, the ·greatest [head; foremost] of the nations.
·Sing your praises and shout this [L Make yourself heard, praise, and say]:
    Lord, ·save [rescue] your people,
    ·those who are left alive from the nation [L the remnant] of Israel!’
Look, I will soon bring them [C the remnant of Israel] from the country in the north [C Babylon],
    and I will gather them from the faraway places on earth.
Some of the people are blind and ·crippled [lame; Is. 35:5–6; Mic. 4:6–8].
    Some of the women are pregnant, and some are ready to give birth.
    A great ·many people [assembly] will ·come back [return].
They will be crying as they come,
    ·but they will pray as [L with supplications] I ·bring [lead] them back.
I will lead those people by streams of water [Ps. 23]
    on an ·even road [straight way] where they will not stumble.
I am Israel’s father,
    and ·Israel [L Ephraim; C the dominant tribe of the northern kingdom of Israel] is my firstborn son.

10 “Nations, listen to the ·message from [L word of] the Lord.
    Tell this message in the faraway ·lands by the sea [coastlands]:
‘The one who scattered the people of Israel will ·bring them back [gather them],
    and he will ·watch over [keep; guard] his people like a shepherd of a flock. [Num. 27:17; 2 Sam. 7:7; Ps. 78:70–72; Ezek. 34].’
11 The Lord will ·pay for [ransom] the people of Jacob
    and will ·buy them back [redeem them] from ·people [L a hand/power] stronger than they were.
12 They [C people of Israel] will come to the high points of Jerusalem
    and shout for joy.
·Their faces will shine with happiness [L They will be radiant] about all the good things from the Lord:
    the grain, new wine, oil, young sheep, and young cows.
They will be like a garden that has plenty of water,
    and they will not ·be troubled [languish] anymore.
13 Then ·young women [or virgins; C of Israel] will be happy and dance,
    the young men and old men also.
I will change their ·sadness [mourning] into ·happiness [joy];
    I will give them comfort and joy instead of ·sadness [lament; Ps. 30:11–12; 126].
14 The priests will have ·more than enough sacrifices [L their fill of fatness],
    and my people will be ·filled [satisfied; sated] with the good things I give them!” says the Lord.

15 This is what the Lord says:

“A voice was heard in Ramah [C a place from which God’s people were deported into exile; 40:1; Matt. 2:18]
    of ·painful crying [lamentation] and ·deep sadness [L bitter weeping]:
Rachel crying for her children [C the Israelites].
    She refused to be comforted,
    because her children are ·dead [L no more]!”

16 But this is what the Lord says:

“·Stop crying [L Refrain your voice from weeping];
    ·don’t let your eyes fill with tears [L your eyes from tears].
You will be rewarded for your work!” says the Lord.
    “The people will return from their enemy’s land.
17 So there is hope for you in the future,” says the Lord.
    “Your children will return to their own ·land [borders].

18 “I have heard ·Israel [L Ephraim] ·moaning [pleading]:
    Lord, you ·punished [disciplined; instructed] me, and I ·have learned my lesson [was disciplined/instructed].
    I was like a calf that had never been trained [Hos. 10:11].
Take me back so that I may come back.
    You truly are the Lord my God.
19 Lord, after I ·wandered away [turned away] from you,
    I ·changed my heart and life [L repented].
After I understood,
    I beat my ·breast [L thigh; C showing sorrow].
I was ashamed and ·disgraced [humiliated],
    because I ·suffered for the foolish things I did when I was young [L carried the reproach of my youth].’

20 “·You know that Israel is my dear son [L Do you know how precious Ephraim is to me…?],
    The child I ·love [delight in].
Yes, I often speak against him [C Israel],
    but I still remember him.
·I love him very much [L My innards roil/churn toward him],
    and I want to ·comfort [be compassionate toward] him,” says the Lord.

21 “·Fix [L Put up; Erect] the road ·signs [markers].
    ·Put up signs to show you the way home [L Make guideposts].
·Watch the road [L Set your heart toward the highway].
    Pay attention to the road on which you travel.
·People [L Virgin daughter; Young woman] of Israel, ·come home [L return; repent],
    ·come back to [L return to these] your towns.
22 You are an unfaithful daughter.
    How long will you ·wander before you come home [L waver]?
The Lord has ·made [created] something new happen in the land:
    A woman will ·go seeking [or protect; or embrace; L surround] a man.”

23 The Lord ·All-Powerful [Almighty; of Heaven’s Armies; T of hosts], the God of Israel, says: “I will again do good things for the people of Judah. At that time the people in the land of Judah and its towns will again use these words: ‘May the Lord bless you, ·home of what is good [L abode of righteousness], holy mountain.’ 24 People in all the towns of Judah will live together [C in peace]. Farmers and those who ·move around [wander] with their flocks will live together [C in peace]. 25 I will ·give rest [satisfy] and ·strength to [replenish] those who ·are weak [languish] and ·tired [faint].”

26 After hearing that, I [C Jeremiah], woke up and looked around. My sleep had been very pleasant.

27 The Lord says, “The ·time is [L days are] coming when I will ·help [L sow] the ·families [L houses] of Israel and Judah ·and their children [L with the seed of humans] and ·animals to grow [L seed of animals]. 28 In the past I watched over them [C Israel and Judah; 1:12], to ·pull [pluck] them up and ·tear [pull] them down, to destroy them and bring them ·disaster [harm; trouble]. But now I will watch over them to build them up and ·make them strong [to plant them; 1:10],” says the Lord.

29 “·At that time [L In those days] people will no longer say:

‘The ·parents [fathers] have eaten sour grapes,
    and that caused the children to ·grind their teeth from the sour taste [L be set on edge].’

30 Instead, each person will die for his own ·sin [iniquity]; the person who eats sour grapes ·will grind his own teeth [L his teeth are set on edge; Lam. 5:7; Ezek. 18:2].

The New Agreement

31 “Look, the ·time is [L days are] coming,” says the Lord,
    “when I will ·make [L cut] a new ·agreement [covenant; treaty]
with the ·people [L house] of Israel
    and the ·people [L house] of Judah.
32 It will not be like the ·agreement [covenant; treaty]
    I ·made [L cut] with their ·ancestors [fathers]
when I took them by the hand
    to bring them out of Egypt [C the Mosaic Covenant; Ex. 19–24].
I was a ·husband [or master] to them [2:2],
    but they broke ·that agreement [my covenant/treaty],” says the Lord.
33 “This is the ·agreement [covenant; treaty] I will ·make [L cut]
    with the ·people [L house] of Israel ·at that time [L after those days],” says the Lord:
“I will put my ·teachings [laws; instructions] in their ·minds [L innards]
    and write them on their hearts [Joel 2:28–29].
I will be their God,
    and they will be my people [Ex. 6:6–8].
34 People will no longer have to teach their neighbors and ·relatives [brothers]
    to know the Lord,
because all people will know me,
    from the least to the most important,” says the Lord.
“I will forgive them for ·the wicked things they did [L their iniquities],
    and I will not remember their sins anymore [32:37–44; 50:4–5; Ezek. 37:15–28; Luke 22:20; 1 Cor. 11:25; 2 Cor. 3:5–14; Heb. 8:8–12; 10:16–17].”

The Lord Will Never Leave Israel

35 The Lord ·makes [L gives] the sun to ·shine in [L light] the day
    and [L regulates; fixes the order of] the moon and stars to ·shine at [L light the] night [Gen. 1:14–18].
He stirs up the sea so that its waves ·crash on the shore [L roar].
    The Lord ·All-Powerful [Almighty; of Heaven’s Armies; T of hosts] is his name.

This is what the Lord says:

36 “Only if these ·laws [statutes; ordinances; requirements; C that uphold the natural order] should ever ·fail [give way; Gen. 8:22; 9:8–17],”
    says the Lord,
“will Israel’s ·descendants [L seed] ever ·stop [cease]
    being a nation before me ·forever [L for all days].”

37 This is what the Lord says:

“Only if people can measure the ·sky [heavens] above
    and ·learn [investigate] the ·secrets [L foundations] of the earth below,
will I reject all the ·descendants [L seed] of Israel
    because of what they have done,” says the Lord.

The New Jerusalem

38 The Lord says, “The ·time is [L days are] coming when this city [C Jerusalem] will be rebuilt for me—everything from the Tower of Hananel [Neh. 3:1; 12:39; Zech. 14:10] to the Corner Gate [2 Kin. 14:13; 2 Chr. 25:23; 26:9; Zech. 14:10]. 39 The measuring line will stretch from ·the Corner Gate [L before it] straight to the hill of Gareb. Then it will turn to the place named Goah. 40 The whole valley where dead bodies and ashes are thrown [C the Hinnom; ch. 19], and all the terraces out to the Kidron Valley on the east as far as the corner of the Horse Gate [2 Chr. 23:15; Neh. 3:28]—all that area will be holy to the Lord. It [C Jerusalem] will never again be torn down or destroyed [1:10].”

Israel’s Mourning Turned to Joy

31 “At that time,” declares the Lord, “I will be the (A)God of all the (B)families of Israel, and they shall be My people.”

This is what the Lord says:
“The people who survived the sword
(C)Found grace in the wilderness—
Israel, when it went to (D)find its rest.”
The Lord appeared to [a]him [b]long ago, saying,
“I have (E)loved you with an everlasting love;
Therefore I have drawn you out with (F)kindness.
(G)I will build you again and you will be rebuilt,
Virgin of Israel!
You will [c]take up your (H)tambourines again,
And go out to the dances of the (I)revelers.
Again you will (J)plant vineyards
On the [d]hills of Samaria;
The planters will plant
And will [e]enjoy the fruit.
For there will be a day when watchmen
On the hills of Ephraim call out,
‘Arise, and (K)let’s go up to Zion,
To the Lord our God.’”

For this is what the Lord says:
(L)Sing aloud with joy for Jacob,
And be joyful with the [f](M)chief of the nations;
Proclaim, give praise, and say,
Lord, (N)save Your people,
The (O)remnant of Israel!’
Behold, I am (P)bringing them from the north country,
And I will (Q)gather them from the remote parts of the earth,
Among them those who are (R)blind and those who (S)limp,
The pregnant woman and she who is in labor, together;
They will return here as a great assembly.
(T)They will come with weeping,
And by pleading I will bring them;
I will lead them by (U)streams of waters,
On a straight path on which they will (V)not stumble;
For I am a (W)father to Israel,
And Ephraim is (X)My firstborn.”

10 Hear the word of the Lord, you nations,
And declare it in the (Y)coastlands far away,
And say, “He who scattered Israel will (Z)gather him,
And He will keep him as a (AA)shepherd keeps his flock.”
11 For the Lord has (AB)ransomed Jacob
And redeemed him from the hand of him who was (AC)stronger than he.
12 “They will (AD)come and shout for joy on the (AE)height of Zion,
And they will be (AF)radiant over the [g]bounty of the Lord
Over the (AG)grain, the new wine, the oil,
And over the young of the (AH)flock and the herd.
And their life will be like a (AI)watered garden,
And they will (AJ)never languish again.
13 Then the virgin will rejoice in the (AK)dance,
And the young men and the old together;
For I will (AL)turn their mourning into joy
And comfort them, and give them (AM)joy for their sorrow.
14 I will refresh the soul of the priests with [h]abundance,
And My people will be (AN)satisfied with My goodness,” declares the Lord.

15 This is what the Lord says:
(AO)A voice is heard in (AP)Ramah,
Lamenting and bitter weeping.
Rachel is weeping for her children;
She (AQ)refuses to be comforted for her children,
Because (AR)they are no more.”

16 This is what the Lord says:

(AS)Restrain your voice from weeping
And your eyes from tears;
For your (AT)work will be rewarded,” declares the Lord,
“And they will (AU)return from the land of the enemy.
17 There is (AV)hope for your future,” declares the Lord,
“And your children will return to their own territory.
18 I have certainly heard Ephraim (AW)grieving,
‘You have (AX)disciplined me, and I was corrected,
Like an untrained (AY)calf;
(AZ)Bring me back that I may be restored,
For You are the Lord my God.
19 For after I turned back, I (BA)repented;
And after I was instructed, I [i](BB)slapped my thigh;
I was (BC)ashamed and also humiliated
Because I bore the shame of my youth.’
20 Is (BD)Ephraim My dear son?
Is he a delightful child?
Indeed, as often as I have spoken against him,
I certainly still remember him;
Therefore My [j](BE)heart yearns for him;
I will certainly (BF)have mercy on him,” declares the Lord.

21 “Set up roadmarks for yourself,
Place guideposts for yourself;
(BG)Direct your [k]mind to the highway,
The way by which you went.
(BH)Return, O virgin of Israel,
Return to these your cities.
22 How long will you waver,
You (BI)rebellious daughter?
For the Lord has created a new thing on the earth:
A woman will shelter a man.”

23 This is what the Lord of armies, the God of Israel says: “Once again they will speak this word in the land of Judah and in its cities when I (BJ)restore their fortunes,

‘The Lord bless you, O (BK)place of righteousness,
O (BL)holy hill!’

24 Judah and all its cities will (BM)live together in it, the farmers and those who travel with flocks. 25 (BN)For I give plenty of water to the weary ones, and [l]refresh everyone who languishes.” 26 At this I (BO)awoke and looked, and my (BP)sleep had been pleasant to me.

A New Covenant

27 “Behold, days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will (BQ)sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of mankind and the seed of animals. 28 And just as I have (BR)watched over them to (BS)uproot them, tear them down, ruin, destroy, and bring disaster on them, so I will watch over them to (BT)build and to plant them,” declares the Lord.

29 “In those days they will no longer say,
(BU)The fathers have eaten sour grapes,
[m]But it is the children’s teeth that have become blunt.’

30 But (BV)everyone will die for his own wrongdoing; each person who eats the sour grapes, his own teeth will become blunt.

31 (BW)Behold, days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will make a (BX)new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, 32 not like the (BY)covenant which I made with their fathers on the day I (BZ)took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My (CA)covenant which they broke, although I was a husband to them,” declares the Lord. 33 “For (CB)this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the Lord: “(CC)I will put My law within them and write it on their heart; and (CD)I will be their God, and they shall be My people. 34 They will (CE)not teach again, each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they will all (CF)know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them,” declares the Lord, “for I will (CG)forgive their wrongdoing, and their (CH)sin I will no longer remember.”

35 This is what the Lord says,
He who (CI)gives the sun for light by day
And the [n]fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night,
Who (CJ)stirs up the sea so that its waves roar—
(CK)The Lord of armies is His name:
36 (CL)If [o]this fixed order departs
From Me,” declares the Lord,
“Then the descendants of Israel also will (CM)cease
To be a nation before Me [p]forever.”
37 This is what the Lord says:
(CN)If the heavens above can be measured
And the foundations of the earth searched out below,
Then I will also (CO)reject all the descendants of Israel
For everything that they have done,” declares the Lord.

38 “Behold, days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when the (CP)city will be rebuilt for the Lord from the (CQ)Tower of Hananel to the (CR)Corner Gate. 39 The (CS)measuring line will go out farther straight ahead, to the hill Gareb; then it will turn to Goah. 40 And (CT)the entire valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields as far as the brook (CU)Kidron to the corner of the (CV)Horse Gate toward the east, shall be (CW)holy to the Lord; it will not be uprooted or overthrown ever again.”

Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 31:3 Lit me
  2. Jeremiah 31:3 Or from far away
  3. Jeremiah 31:4 Lit adorn yourself with
  4. Jeremiah 31:5 Or mountains
  5. Jeremiah 31:5 Lit defile
  6. Jeremiah 31:7 Lit head
  7. Jeremiah 31:12 Lit goodness
  8. Jeremiah 31:14 Lit fatness
  9. Jeremiah 31:19 I.e., in regret
  10. Jeremiah 31:20 Lit inward parts
  11. Jeremiah 31:21 Lit heart
  12. Jeremiah 31:25 Lit fill
  13. Jeremiah 31:29 I.e., the children suffer for the fathers’ sins
  14. Jeremiah 31:35 Lit statutes
  15. Jeremiah 31:36 Lit these statutes
  16. Jeremiah 31:36 Lit all the days

31 “At that time,” declares the Lord, “I will be the God(A) of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.”

This is what the Lord says:

“The people who survive the sword
    will find favor(B) in the wilderness;
    I will come to give rest(C) to Israel.”

The Lord appeared to us in the past,[a] saying:

“I have loved(D) you with an everlasting love;
    I have drawn(E) you with unfailing kindness.
I will build you up again,
    and you, Virgin(F) Israel, will be rebuilt.(G)
Again you will take up your timbrels(H)
    and go out to dance(I) with the joyful.(J)
Again you will plant(K) vineyards
    on the hills of Samaria;(L)
the farmers will plant them
    and enjoy their fruit.(M)
There will be a day when watchmen(N) cry out
    on the hills of Ephraim,
‘Come, let us go up to Zion,
    to the Lord our God.’”(O)

This is what the Lord says:

“Sing(P) with joy for Jacob;
    shout for the foremost(Q) of the nations.
Make your praises heard, and say,
    Lord, save(R) your people,
    the remnant(S) of Israel.’
See, I will bring them from the land of the north(T)
    and gather(U) them from the ends of the earth.
Among them will be the blind(V) and the lame,(W)
    expectant mothers and women in labor;
    a great throng will return.
They will come with weeping;(X)
    they will pray as I bring them back.
I will lead(Y) them beside streams of water(Z)
    on a level(AA) path where they will not stumble,
because I am Israel’s father,(AB)
    and Ephraim is my firstborn son.

10 “Hear the word of the Lord, you nations;
    proclaim it in distant coastlands:(AC)
‘He who scattered(AD) Israel will gather(AE) them
    and will watch over his flock like a shepherd.’(AF)
11 For the Lord will deliver Jacob
    and redeem(AG) them from the hand of those stronger(AH) than they.
12 They will come and shout for joy(AI) on the heights(AJ) of Zion;
    they will rejoice in the bounty(AK) of the Lord
the grain, the new wine and the olive oil,(AL)
    the young of the flocks(AM) and herds.
They will be like a well-watered garden,(AN)
    and they will sorrow(AO) no more.
13 Then young women will dance and be glad,
    young men and old as well.
I will turn their mourning(AP) into gladness;
    I will give them comfort(AQ) and joy(AR) instead of sorrow.
14 I will satisfy(AS) the priests(AT) with abundance,
    and my people will be filled with my bounty,(AU)
declares the Lord.

15 This is what the Lord says:

“A voice is heard in Ramah,(AV)
    mourning and great weeping,
Rachel weeping for her children
    and refusing to be comforted,(AW)
    because they are no more.”(AX)

16 This is what the Lord says:

“Restrain your voice from weeping
    and your eyes from tears,(AY)
for your work will be rewarded,(AZ)
declares the Lord.
    “They will return(BA) from the land of the enemy.
17 So there is hope(BB) for your descendants,”
declares the Lord.
    “Your children(BC) will return to their own land.

18 “I have surely heard Ephraim’s moaning:
    ‘You disciplined(BD) me like an unruly calf,(BE)
    and I have been disciplined.
Restore(BF) me, and I will return,
    because you are the Lord my God.
19 After I strayed,(BG)
    I repented;
after I came to understand,
    I beat(BH) my breast.
I was ashamed(BI) and humiliated
    because I bore the disgrace of my youth.’(BJ)
20 Is not Ephraim my dear son,
    the child(BK) in whom I delight?
Though I often speak against him,
    I still remember(BL) him.
Therefore my heart yearns for him;
    I have great compassion(BM) for him,”
declares the Lord.

21 “Set up road signs;
    put up guideposts.(BN)
Take note of the highway,(BO)
    the road that you take.
Return,(BP) Virgin(BQ) Israel,
    return to your towns.
22 How long will you wander,(BR)
    unfaithful(BS) Daughter Israel?
The Lord will create a new thing(BT) on earth—
    the woman will return to[b](BU) the man.”

23 This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: “When I bring them back from captivity,[c](BV) the people in the land of Judah and in its towns will once again use these words: ‘The Lord bless(BW) you, you prosperous city,(BX) you sacred mountain.’(BY) 24 People will live(BZ) together in Judah and all its towns—farmers and those who move about with their flocks.(CA) 25 I will refresh the weary(CB) and satisfy the faint.”(CC)

26 At this I awoke(CD) and looked around. My sleep had been pleasant to me.

27 “The days are coming,”(CE) declares the Lord, “when I will plant(CF) the kingdoms of Israel and Judah with the offspring of people and of animals. 28 Just as I watched(CG) over them to uproot(CH) and tear down, and to overthrow, destroy and bring disaster,(CI) so I will watch over them to build and to plant,”(CJ) declares the Lord. 29 “In those days people will no longer say,

‘The parents(CK) have eaten sour grapes,
    and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’(CL)

30 Instead, everyone will die for their own sin;(CM) whoever eats sour grapes—their own teeth will be set on edge.

31 “The days are coming,” declares the Lord,
    “when I will make a new covenant(CN)
with the people of Israel
    and with the people of Judah.
32 It will not be like the covenant(CO)
    I made with their ancestors(CP)
when I took them by the hand
    to lead them out of Egypt,(CQ)
because they broke my covenant,
    though I was a husband(CR) to[d] them,[e]
declares the Lord.
33 “This is the covenant I will make with the people of Israel
    after that time,” declares the Lord.
“I will put my law in their minds(CS)
    and write it on their hearts.(CT)
I will be their God,
    and they will be my people.(CU)
34 No longer will they teach(CV) their neighbor,
    or say to one another, ‘Know the Lord,’
because they will all know(CW) me,
    from the least of them to the greatest,”
declares the Lord.
“For I will forgive(CX) their wickedness
    and will remember their sins(CY) no more.”

35 This is what the Lord says,

he who appoints(CZ) the sun
    to shine by day,
who decrees the moon and stars
    to shine by night,(DA)
who stirs up the sea(DB)
    so that its waves roar(DC)
    the Lord Almighty is his name:(DD)
36 “Only if these decrees(DE) vanish from my sight,”
    declares the Lord,
“will Israel(DF) ever cease
    being a nation before me.”

37 This is what the Lord says:

“Only if the heavens above can be measured(DG)
    and the foundations of the earth below be searched out
will I reject(DH) all the descendants of Israel
    because of all they have done,”
declares the Lord.

38 “The days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when this city will be rebuilt(DI) for me from the Tower of Hananel(DJ) to the Corner Gate.(DK) 39 The measuring line(DL) will stretch from there straight to the hill of Gareb and then turn to Goah. 40 The whole valley(DM) where dead bodies(DN) and ashes are thrown, and all the terraces out to the Kidron Valley(DO) on the east as far as the corner of the Horse Gate,(DP) will be holy(DQ) to the Lord. The city will never again be uprooted or demolished.”

Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 31:3 Or Lord has appeared to us from afar
  2. Jeremiah 31:22 Or will protect
  3. Jeremiah 31:23 Or I restore their fortunes
  4. Jeremiah 31:32 Hebrew; Septuagint and Syriac / and I turned away from
  5. Jeremiah 31:32 Or was their master