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If a man divorces his wife
and she leaves him and marries another man,
can he return to her again?[a]
Wouldn’t acting like that completely defile the land?
But you have lived like a prostitute with many lovers.
And now you want to return to me?
declares the Lord.
Look up to the bare hills and see.
Is there any place where you have not engaged in sex?[b]
You sat by the roadsides waiting for lovers,
    like a nomad[c] in the desert.
You have defiled the land with your prostitution and wickedness.
That is why the showers have been withheld,
and the spring rains have not come.
Yet you have the shameless look of a prostitute.
You refuse to be ashamed.

Did you not just call to me, “My father!
You are my close friend from my youth!”?
You say, “Will he be angry for so long?
Will he keep up his wrath forever?”
Yes, that is what you say,
but you do whatever evil you can.

Unfaithful Israel, Treacherous Judah

In the days of King Josiah, the Lord asked me:

Have you seen what unfaithful Israel did? She has gone up onto every high hill and under every green tree and acted like a prostitute there. I told myself that after she did all this, she would return to me, but she did not return, and her treacherous sister Judah saw it. Unfaithful Israel committed adultery, so I sent her away. I gave her a certificate of divorce, yet I saw that in spite of this, her treacherous sister Judah had no fear. She also went and acted like a prostitute. Since Israel regarded her sexual sins so lightly, she defiled the land by committing adultery with stones and trees. 10 In spite of all this, her treacherous sister Judah did not turn back to me with all her heart, but only pretended, declares the Lord.

11 Then the Lord said to me:
Unfaithful Israel is more righteous than treacherous Judah.
12 Go, proclaim these words to the north.
Return, unfaithful Israel, declares the Lord.
I will no longer frown on you,
because I am merciful, declares the Lord.
I will not be angry forever.
13 At least acknowledge your guilt.
Admit that you rebelled against the Lord your God.
You have distributed your favors to strangers under every green tree,
and you have not listened to me, declares the Lord.

14 Return, unfaithful people, declares the Lord, because I am your husband. I will take you—one from a city, two from a family—and bring you to Zion. 15 Then I will give you shepherds after my own heart, who will feed you with knowledge and understanding. 16 In those days, when you have been fruitful and increased in number in the land, declares the Lord, men will no longer say, “The Ark of the Covenant of the Lord.” It will not enter their minds. It will not be remembered. It will not be missed, nor will another one be made. 17 Then they will call Jerusalem “The Throne of the Lord.” All nations will gather there in Jerusalem for the sake of the name of the Lord. No longer will they stubbornly follow their own evil hearts.

18 In those days the house of Judah will join with the house of Israel, and together they will come from a land in the north to the land I gave your fathers as an inheritance.

A Dialogue Between the Lord and Israel About True Repentance
The Lord

19 I myself said that I would like to treat you like sons
and give you a desirable land,
the most splendid inheritance among the entire army of nations.
I thought you would call me Father
and would no longer turn away from me.
20 But you, O house of Israel, have been unfaithful to me,
like a wife who is unfaithful to her husband, declares the Lord.

21 A cry is heard on the bare hills,
the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel,
because they have perverted their way.
They have forgotten the Lord their God.

22 Return, unfaithful people.
I will cure you of your unfaithfulness.

The People

Yes, we will come to you,
for you are the Lord our God!
23 Yes, there has been deception from the hills,
and commotion in the mountains,
but there is salvation for Israel in the Lord our God.
24 Since our younger days,
    shameful gods have consumed the results of our fathers’ hard work,
    their sheep and cattle,
    and their sons and daughters.
25 We will lie down in that shame.
Our disgrace covers us.
We have sinned against the Lord our God,
both we and our fathers.
From our younger days until today,
we have not obeyed the Lord our God.

Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 3:1 Deuteronomy 24:1-4 says that he cannot.
  2. Jeremiah 3:2 The main Hebrew reading uses a blunt sexual term. The reading written in the margin of the Hebrew text substitutes a milder term. The translation above splits the difference.
  3. Jeremiah 3:2 Or an Arab

A saying:[a] ‘Look, if a man divorces his wife,
    and she goes from him and she becomes another man’s wife,[b]
    will he return to her again?’
Will not that land be greatly defiled?
And you have prostituted yourself with many lovers,
    would you now return to me?” declares[c] Yahweh.
“Lift up your eyes at the barren heights,
    and see where you have not been ravished.
Beside the roads you sat for them like an Arab in the desert,[d]
    and you have defiled the land
with your fornication
    and with your wickedness.
Therefore rain showers have been withheld,
    and the spring rain has not come.
Yet you have[e] the forehead of a woman prostitute,
    you refuse to be ashamed.
Have you not just now called to me,
    ‘My father, you are the close friend of my youth?
Will he be angry forever?[f]
    Will he maintain it always’?[g]
Look, you have spoken,
    but you have done all the evil that you could.”[h]

Yahweh Gives Israel a Letter of Divorce

Then Yahweh said to me in the days of Josiah, the king, “Have you seen what apostate[i] Israel has done? She has gone on every high hill and under every leafy tree and she has prostituted herself there. And I thought, ‘After her doing all these things to me she will return,’ but she did not return. And her treacherous sister Judah saw it.[j] And I saw that for this very reason, that[k] on account of apostate[l] Israel committing adultery I divorced her and gave the letter of divorce to her. Yet her treacherous sister Judah was not afraid and she went and prostituted herself also. And it was because of the frivolity of her fornication that she defiled the land and committed adultery with the stone and with the tree. 10 Yet even in all this her treacherous sister Judah did not return to me with all her heart, but only[m] in pretense,”[n] declares[o] Yahweh.

A Call for Repentance

11 Then Yahweh said to me, “Apostate[p] Israel has proved herself more upright[q] than treacherous Judah. 12 Go, and proclaim these words toward the north, and say,

‘Return, apostate[r] Israel,’ declares[s] Yahweh.
‘I will not cause my anger[t] to fall on you.
For I am loyal,’ declares[u] Yahweh.
‘I will not be angry forever.[v]
13 Only acknowledge your guilt,
that against Yahweh your God you have rebelled,
and have scattered your ways to the strangers under every leafy tree,
and you have not obeyed my voice,’ declares[w] Yahweh.”

14 “Return, apostate[x] children,” declares[y] Yahweh. “For I am your master,[z] and I will take you one from a city and two from a clan,[aa] and I will bring you to Zion. 15 Then I will give you shepherds after my own heart and they will feed you knowledge and insight. 16 And it will be when you have multiplied and become fruitful in the land in those days,” declares[ab] Yahweh, “they will no longer say, ‘The ark of the covenant of Yahweh.’ And it will not come to mind,[ac] nor will they remember it, nor will they miss it,[ad] nor will it be made again. 17 At that time they will call Jerusalem ‘The Throne of Yahweh,’ and all the nations will be gathered to it, to the name of Yahweh, to Jerusalem, and they will no longer go after the stubbornness of their evil heart. 18 In those days the house of Judah will walk along with the house of Israel and they will come together from the land of the north to the land that I gave as an inheritance to your ancestors.[ae]

19 Then I thought, ‘How I would set you among the children,
    and I would give you a land of desire,
an inheritance of the glory of the hosts of nations.’
And I thought, ‘You would call me, “My father,”
    and you would not turn back from behind[af] me.’
20 However, as a wife departs treacherously from her lover,
    so you have dealt treacherously with me,
O house of Israel,” declares[ag] Yahweh.
21 “A voice is heard on the barren heights,
    the weeping of the pleas for mercy of the children of Israel,
because they have perverted their way,
    they have forgotten Yahweh their God.
22 Return, O apostate[ah] children,
    I will heal your backsliding.
‘Look, we come to you,
    for you are Yahweh our God.
23 Surely, an illusion comes from the hills,
    the turmoil on the mountains.
Surely, in Yahweh our God
    is the salvation of Israel.
24 But the shameful thing has devoured
    the labor of our ancestors[ai] from our youth,
their flocks, and their cattle,
    their sons and their daughters.
25 Let us lie down in our shame,
    and let our disgrace cover us.
For against Yahweh our God we have sinned,
    we and our ancestors,[aj]
from our youth and until this day.
    and we have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God.’

Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 3:1 Literally “to say”
  2. Jeremiah 3:1 Literally “and she becomes to a man another”
  3. Jeremiah 3:1 Literally “a declaration of”
  4. Jeremiah 3:2 Or “wilderness”
  5. Jeremiah 3:3 Literally “it is for you”
  6. Jeremiah 3:5 Literally “to eternity”
  7. Jeremiah 3:5 Literally “to duration”
  8. Jeremiah 3:5 Literally “you have done the evil and you were able”
  9. Jeremiah 3:6 Or “unfaithful”
  10. Jeremiah 3:7 Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  11. Jeremiah 3:8 Literally “because of all”
  12. Jeremiah 3:8 Or “unfaithful”
  13. Jeremiah 3:10 Literally “but if”
  14. Jeremiah 3:10 Or “deception”
  15. Jeremiah 3:10 Literally “a declaration of”
  16. Jeremiah 3:11 Or “unfaithful”
  17. Jeremiah 3:11 Or “righteous”
  18. Jeremiah 3:12 Or “unfaithful”
  19. Jeremiah 3:12 Literally “a declaration of”
  20. Jeremiah 3:12 Literally “faces”
  21. Jeremiah 3:12 Literally “a declaration of”
  22. Jeremiah 3:12 Literally “to eternity”
  23. Jeremiah 3:13 Literally “a declaration of”
  24. Jeremiah 3:14 Or “unfaithful”
  25. Jeremiah 3:14 Literally “a declaration of”
  26. Jeremiah 3:14 Literally “I rule over among you”
  27. Jeremiah 3:14 Or “family”
  28. Jeremiah 3:16 Literally “a declaration of”
  29. Jeremiah 3:16 Literally “it shall not go up on heart”
  30. Jeremiah 3:16 Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation
  31. Jeremiah 3:18 Or “fathers”
  32. Jeremiah 3:19 Or “following”
  33. Jeremiah 3:20 Literally “a declaration of”
  34. Jeremiah 3:22 Or “unfaithful”
  35. Jeremiah 3:24 Or “fathers”
  36. Jeremiah 3:25 Or “fathers”