James 1
Mounce Reverse Interlinear New Testament
1 James Iakōbos, a servant of God theos and kai of the Lord kyrios Jesus Iēsous Christ Christos, to the ho twelve dōdeka tribes phylē · ho in en the ho dispersion diaspora: Greetings chairō.
2 Consider hēgeomai it sheer pas joy chara, my egō brothers adelphos, when hotan you encounter peripiptō various kinds of poikilos trials peirasmos, 3 because you know ginōskō that hoti the ho testing dokimion of ho your hymeis faith pistis produces katergazomai endurance hypomonē. 4 · ho And de let echō endurance hypomonē carry out echō its intended ergon purpose teleios, so that hina you may be eimi mature teleios and kai complete holoklēros, lacking leipō in en nothing mēdeis. 5 But de if ei any tis of you hymeis lacks leipō wisdom sophia, he should ask aiteō God theos, who ho gives didōmi to everyone pas generously haplōs, · kai not mē demanding oneidizō something in return , and kai it will be given didōmi to him autos. 6 But de he must ask aiteō in en faith pistis without mēdeis doubting diakrinō, for gar the ho doubter diakrinō is like eoika a wave klydōn of the sea thalassa, driven by the wind anemizō and kai tossed about rhipizō. 7 For gar that ekeinos person anthrōpos must not mē imagine oiomai · ho that hoti he will receive lambanō anything tis from para the ho Lord kyrios; 8 he is a double-minded dipsychos man anēr, unstable akatastatos in en all pas · ho his autos ways hodos.
9 Let the ho brother adelphos of limited means tapeinos take pride kauchaomai · de · ho in en · ho his autos high position hypsos, 10 and de the ho wealthy plousios brother in en · ho his autos humiliation tapeinōsis, because hoti like hōs a flower anthos in the meadow chortos he will pass away parerchomai. 11 For gar the ho sun hēlios rises anatellō with syn its ho scorching heat kausōn and kai withers xērainō the ho meadow chortos; · kai · ho its autos flower anthos falls ekpiptō and kai · ho its autos beauty euprepeia ho · ho fades apollymi. In the same way houtōs · kai the ho rich man plousios will fade away marainō while en pursuing ho his autos business poreia. 12 Blessed makarios is the man anēr who hos remains steadfast hypomenō when tested peirasmos, because hoti once he is shown to be ginomai genuine dokimos, he will receive lambanō the ho crown stephanos of ho life zōē that hos the Lord has promised epangellomai to those ho who love agapaō him autos. 13 No one mēdeis when tempted peirazō should say legō, “ I am being tempted peirazō by apo God theos”; · ho for gar God theos cannot be tempted apeirastos to do eimi evil kakos, and de he himself autos tempts peirazō no one oudeis else. 14 But de each person hekastos is tempted peirazō when by hypo · ho his own idios desire epithumia he is lured away exelkō and kai enticed deleazō. 15 Then eita · ho desire epithumia, when it has conceived syllambanō, gives birth to tiktō sin hamartia; · ho and de sin hamartia, when it is full-grown apoteleō, brings forth apokyeō death thanatos. 16 Do not mē be deceived planaō, my egō dear agapētos brothers adelphos. 17 Every pas good agathos gift dosis and kai every pas perfect teleios gift dōrēma is eimi from above anōthen, coming down katabainō from apo the ho Father patēr of ho lights phōs, with para whom hos there is no ou variation parallagē or ē shadow aposkiasma caused by change tropē. 18 According to his sovereign plan boulomai, he brought apokyeō us hēmeis into being through his word logos of truth alētheia, so that eis we hēmeis would be eimi a kind tis of first fruits aparchē of ho all he autos created ktisma.
19 Understand oida this, my egō dear agapētos brothers adelphos: everyone pas must be eimi · de quick tachus to eis listen akouō, slow bradys to eis speak laleō, and slow bradys to eis become angry orgē. 20 For gar the anger orgē of man anēr does ergazomai not ou bring about ergazomai the righteousness dikaiosynē that God requires theos. 21 Therefore dio put aside apotithēmi all pas filthiness rhyparia and kai rampant perisseia wickedness kakia, and receive dechomai with en meekness prautēs the ho implanted emphytos word logos, which ho is able dynamai to save sōzō · ho your hymeis souls psychē. 22 But de be ginomai doers poiētēs of the word logos and kai not mē merely monon hearers akroatēs, deceiving paralogizomai yourselves heautou. 23 For hoti if ei someone tis is eimi a hearer akroatēs of the word logos and kai not ou a doer poiētēs, he houtos is like eoika a person anēr who looks at katanoeō · ho his autos natural genesis face prosōpon · ho in en a mirror esoptron; 24 then gar after looking at katanoeō himself heautou · kai he goes away aperchomai and kai immediately eutheōs forgets epilanthanomai what he was eimi like hopoios. 25 But de the ho person who looks intently parakyptō into eis the perfect teleios law nomos, the ho law that ho provides liberty eleutheria, and kai continues paramenō in it, not ou having become ginomai a forgetful epilēsmonē hearer akroatēs but alla an active poiētēs doer ergon— he houtos will be eimi blessed makarios in en · ho his autos doing poiēsis. 26 If ei someone tis thinks dokeō that he is eimi religious, yet does not mē bridle chalinagōgeō his autos tongue glōssa but alla deceives apataō his autos heart kardia, this person’ s houtos religion thrēskeia is worthless mataios. · ho 27 Religion thrēskeia that is pure katharos and kai undefiled amiantos before para · ho God theos · kai the Father patēr is eimi this houtos: to care for episkeptomai orphans orphanos and kai widows chēra in en · ho their autos time of trouble thlipsis, and to keep tēreō oneself heautou unstained aspilos by apo the ho world kosmos.
James 1
New English Translation
Salutation
1 From James,[a] a slave[b] of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad.[c] Greetings!
Joy in Trials
2 My brothers and sisters,[d] consider it nothing but joy[e] when you fall into all sorts of trials, 3 because you know that the testing of your faith produces endurance. 4 And let endurance have its perfect effect, so that you will be perfect and complete, not deficient in anything. 5 But if anyone is deficient in wisdom, he should ask God, who gives to all generously and without reprimand, and it will be given to him. 6 But he must ask in faith without doubting, for the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed around by the wind. 7 For that person must not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord, 8 since he is a double-minded individual,[f] unstable in all his ways.
9 Now the believer[g] of humble means[h] should take pride[i] in his high position.[j] 10 But the rich person’s pride should be in his humiliation, because he will pass away like a wildflower in the meadow.[k] 11 For the sun rises with its heat and dries up the meadow; the petal of the flower falls off and its beauty is lost forever.[l] So also the rich person in the midst of his pursuits will wither away. 12 Happy is the one[m] who endures testing, because when he has proven to be genuine, he will receive the crown of life that God[n] promised to those who love him. 13 Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am tempted by God,” for God cannot be tempted by evil,[o] and he himself tempts no one. 14 But each one is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desires. 15 Then when desire conceives, it gives birth to sin, and when sin is full grown, it gives birth to death. 16 Do not be led astray, my dear brothers and sisters.[p] 17 All generous giving and every perfect gift[q] is from above, coming down[r] from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or the slightest hint of change.[s] 18 By his sovereign plan he gave us birth[t] through the message of truth, that we would be a kind of firstfruits of all he created.
Living Out the Message
19 Understand this, my dear brothers and sisters![u] Let every person be quick to listen, slow to speak, slow to anger. 20 For human[v] anger does not accomplish God’s righteousness.[w] 21 So put away all filth and evil excess and humbly[x] welcome the message implanted within you, which is able to save your souls. 22 But be sure you live out the message and do not merely listen to it and so deceive yourselves. 23 For if someone merely listens to the message and does not live it out, he is like someone[y] who gazes at his own face[z] in a mirror. 24 For he gazes at himself and then goes out and immediately forgets[aa] what sort of person he was. 25 But the one who peers into the perfect law of liberty and fixes his attention there,[ab] and does not become a forgetful listener but one who lives it out—he[ac] will be blessed in what he does.[ad] 26 If someone thinks he is religious yet does not bridle his tongue, and so deceives his heart, his religion is futile. 27 Pure and undefiled religion before[ae] God the Father[af] is this: to care for orphans and widows in their adversity[ag] and to keep oneself unstained by the world.
Footnotes
- James 1:1 tn Grk “James.” The word “From” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
- James 1:1 tn Traditionally, “servant” or “bondservant.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). One good translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος) in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force. Also, many slaves in the Roman world became slaves through Rome’s subjugation of conquered nations, kidnapping, or by being born into slave households. sn Undoubtedly the background for the concept of being the Lord’s slave or servant is to be found in the Old Testament scriptures. For a Jew this concept did not connote drudgery, but honor and privilege. It was used of national Israel at times (Isa 43:10), but was especially associated with famous OT personalities, including such great men as Moses (Josh 14:7), David (Ps 89:3; cf. 2 Sam 7:5, 8) and Elijah (2 Kgs 10:10); all these men were “servants (or slaves) of the Lord.”
- James 1:1 tn Grk “to the twelve tribes in the Diaspora.” The Greek term διασπορά (diaspora, “dispersion”) refers to Jews not living in Palestine but “dispersed” or scattered among the Gentiles.
- James 1:2 tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelphoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). Where the plural term is used in direct address, as here, “brothers and sisters” is used; where the term is singular and not direct address (as in v. 9), “believer” is preferred.
- James 1:2 tn Grk “all joy,” “full joy,” or “greatest joy.”
- James 1:8 tn Grk “a man of two minds,” continuing the description of the person in v. 7, giving the reason that he cannot expect to receive anything. The word for “man” or “individual” is ἀνήρ (anēr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” But it sometimes is used generically to mean “anyone,” “a person,” as here (cf. BDAG 79 s.v. 2).sn A double-minded man is one whose devotion to God is less than total. His attention is divided between God and other things, and as a consequence he is unstable and therefore unable to receive from God.
- James 1:9 tn Grk “brother.” Here the term “brother” means “fellow believer” or “fellow Christian” (cf. TEV, NLT “Christians”; CEV “God’s people”). The term broadly connotes familial relationships within the family of God (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 2.a).
- James 1:9 tn Grk “the lowly brother,” but “lowly/humble” is clarified in context by the contrast with “wealthy” in v. 10.
- James 1:9 tn Grk “let him boast.”
- James 1:9 tn Grk “his height,” “his exaltation.”
- James 1:10 tn Grk “a flower of grass.”
- James 1:11 tn Or “perishes,” “is destroyed.”
- James 1:12 tn The word for “man” or “individual” here is ἀνήρ (anēr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” However, as BDAG 79 s.v. 2 says, here it is “equivalent to τὶς someone, a person.”
- James 1:12 tc Most mss ([C] P 0246 5 436 442 1611 M) al read ὁ κύριος (ho kurios, “the Lord”) here, while others have ὁ θεός (ho theos, “God”; 4 33vid 323 945 1175 1243 1735 1739 1852 2492 al). However, several significant and early witnesses (P74 א A B Ψ 81 2344 co) have no explicit subject. In light of the scribal tendency toward clarification, and the fact that both κύριος and θεός are well represented, there can be little doubt that the original text had no explicit subject. The referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity, not because of textual basis.
- James 1:13 tn Or “God must not be tested by evil people.”
- James 1:16 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:2.
- James 1:17 tn The first phrase refers to the action of giving and the second to what is given.
- James 1:17 tn Or “All generous giving and every perfect gift from above is coming down.”
- James 1:17 tn Grk “variation or shadow of turning” (referring to the motions of heavenly bodies causing variations of light and darkness).
- James 1:18 tn Grk “Having willed, he gave us birth.”
- James 1:19 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:2.
- James 1:20 tn The word translated “human” here is ἀνήρ (anēr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” But it sometimes is used generically to mean “anyone,” “a person” (cf. BDAG 79 s.v. 2), and in this context, contrasted with “God’s righteousness,” the point is “human” anger (not exclusively “male” anger).
- James 1:20 sn God’s righteousness could refer to (1) God’s righteous standard, (2) the righteousness God gives, (3) righteousness before God, or (4) God’s eschatological righteousness (see P. H. Davids, James [NIGTC], 93, for discussion).
- James 1:21 tn Or “with meekness.”
- James 1:23 tn The word for “man” or “individual” is ἀνήρ (anēr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” However, as BDAG 79 s.v. 2 says, here it is “equivalent to τὶς someone, a person.”
- James 1:23 tn Grk “the face of his beginning [or origin].”
- James 1:24 tn Grk “and he has gone out and immediately has forgotten.”
- James 1:25 tn Grk “continues.”
- James 1:25 tn Grk “this one.”
- James 1:25 tn Grk “in his doing.”
- James 1:27 tn Or “in the sight of”; Grk “with.”
- James 1:27 tn Grk “the God and Father.”
- James 1:27 tn Traditionally, “affliction.” BDAG 457 s.v. 1 has “difficult circumstances” for this specific context, but since this is somewhat lengthy, “adversity” was preferred instead.
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