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Sennacherib Invades Judah

36 In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah’s reign,[a] King Sennacherib of Assyria marched up against all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them. The king of Assyria sent his chief adviser[b] from Lachish to King Hezekiah in Jerusalem, along with a large army. The chief adviser[c] stood at the conduit of the upper pool that is located on the road to the field where they wash and dry cloth.[d] Eliakim son of Hilkiah, the palace supervisor, accompanied by Shebna the scribe and Joah son of Asaph, the secretary, went out to meet him.

The chief adviser said to them, “Tell Hezekiah: ‘This is what the great king, the king of Assyria, says: “What is your source of confidence?[e] Your claim to have a strategy and military strength is just empty talk.[f] In whom are you trusting, that you would dare to rebel against me? Look, you must be trusting in Egypt, that splintered reed staff. If someone leans on it for support, it punctures his hand and wounds him. That is what Pharaoh king of Egypt does to all who trust in him! Perhaps you will tell me, ‘We are trusting in the Lord our God.’ But Hezekiah is the one who eliminated his high places and altars and then told the people of Judah and Jerusalem, ‘You must worship at this altar.’ Now make a deal with my master the king of Assyria, and I will give you 2,000 horses, provided you can find enough riders for them. Certainly you will not refuse one of my master’s minor officials and trust in Egypt for chariots and horsemen.[g] 10 Furthermore it was by the command of the Lord that I marched up against this land to destroy it. The Lord told me, ‘March up against this land and destroy it!’”’”[h]

11 Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah said to the chief adviser, “Speak to your servants in Aramaic,[i] for we understand it. Don’t speak with us in the Judahite dialect[j] in the hearing of the people who are on the wall.” 12 But the chief adviser said, “My master did not send me to speak these words only to your master and to you.[k] His message is also for the men who sit on the wall, for they will eat their own excrement and drink their own urine along with you!”[l]

13 The chief adviser then stood there and called out loudly in the Judahite dialect,[m] “Listen to the message of the great king, the king of Assyria. 14 This is what the king says: ‘Don’t let Hezekiah mislead you, for he is not able to rescue you! 15 Don’t let Hezekiah talk you into trusting in the Lord by saying, “The Lord will certainly rescue us; this city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria.” 16 Don’t listen to Hezekiah!’ For this is what the king of Assyria says, ‘Send me a token of your submission and surrender to me.[n] Then each of you may eat from his own vine and fig tree and drink water from his own cistern, 17 until I come and take you to a land just like your own—a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards. 18 Hezekiah is misleading you when he says, “The Lord will rescue us.” Have any of the gods of the nations rescued their lands from the power of the king of Assyria?[o] 19 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim?[p] Indeed, did any gods rescue Samaria from my power?[q] 20 Who among all the gods of these lands have rescued their lands from my power? So how can the Lord rescue Jerusalem from my power?’”[r] 21 They were silent and did not respond, for the king had ordered, “Don’t respond to him.”

22 Eliakim son of Hilkiah, the palace supervisor, accompanied by Shebna the scribe and Joah son of Asaph, the secretary, went to Hezekiah with their clothes torn[s] and reported to him what the chief adviser had said.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 36:1 tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
  2. Isaiah 36:2 sn For a discussion of this title see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 229-30.
  3. Isaiah 36:2 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the chief adviser) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  4. Isaiah 36:2 tn Heb “the field of the washer”; traditionally “the fuller’s field” (so KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).
  5. Isaiah 36:4 tn Heb “What is this object of trust in which you are trusting?”
  6. Isaiah 36:5 tn Heb “you say only a word of lips, counsel and might for battle.” Sennacherib’s message appears to be in broken Hebrew at this point. The phrase “word of lips” refers to mere or empty talk in Prov 14:23.
  7. Isaiah 36:9 tn Heb “How can you turn back the face of an official [from among] the least of my master’s servants and trust in Egypt for chariots and horsemen?” In vv. 8-9 the chief adviser develops further the argument begun in v. 6. His reasoning seems to be as follows: “In your weakened condition you obviously need military strength. Agree to the king’s terms, and I will personally give you more horses than you are capable of outfitting. If I, a mere minor official, am capable of giving you such military might, just think what power the king has. There is no way the Egyptians can match our strength. It makes much better sense to deal with us.”
  8. Isaiah 36:10 sn In v. 10 the chief adviser develops further the argument begun in v. 7. He claims that Hezekiah has offended the Lord and that the Lord has commissioned Assyria as his instrument of discipline and judgment.
  9. Isaiah 36:11 sn Aramaic was the diplomatic language of the Assyrian empire.
  10. Isaiah 36:11 tn Or “in Hebrew” (NIV, NCV, NLT); NAB, NASB “in Judean.”
  11. Isaiah 36:12 tn Heb “To your master and to you did my master send me to speak these words?” The rhetorical question expects a negative answer.
  12. Isaiah 36:12 tn Heb “[Is it] not [also] to the men…?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Yes, it is.”sn The chief adviser alludes to the horrible reality of siege warfare, when the starving people in the besieged city would resort to eating and drinking anything to stay alive.
  13. Isaiah 36:13 tn The Hebrew text includes “and he said.”
  14. Isaiah 36:16 tn Heb “make with me a blessing and come out to me.”
  15. Isaiah 36:18 tn Heb “Have the gods of the nations rescued, each his land, from the hand of the king of Assyria?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course not!”
  16. Isaiah 36:19 tn The rhetorical questions suggest the answer, “Nowhere. They seem to have disappeared in the face of Assyria’s might.”
  17. Isaiah 36:19 tn Heb “that they rescued Samaria from my hand?” But this gives the impression that the gods of Sepharvaim were responsible for protecting Samaria, which is obviously not the case. The implied subject of the plural verb “rescued” must be the generic “gods of the nations/lands” (vv. 18, 20).
  18. Isaiah 36:20 tn Heb “that the Lord might rescue Jerusalem from my hand?” The logic runs as follows: Since no god has ever been able to withstand the Assyrian onslaught, how can the people of Jerusalem possibly think the Lord will rescue them?
  19. Isaiah 36:22 sn As a sign of grief and mourning.

APPENDICI

L'invasione di Sennacherib

36 Nell'anno decimoquarto del re Ezechia, Sennàcherib re di Assiria assalì e si impadronì di tutte le fortezze di Giuda. Il re di Assiria mandò poi da Lachis a Gerusalemme contro il re Ezechia il gran coppiere con un grande esercito. Egli fece sosta presso il canale della piscina superiore, sulla strada del campo del lavandaio.

Gli andarono incontro Eliakìm figlio di Chelkìa, il maggiordomo, Sebnà lo scrivano e Ioach figlio di Asaf, l'archivista. Il gran coppiere disse loro: «Riferite a Ezechia: Così dice il grande re, il re di Assiria: Che significa questa sicurezza che dimostri? Pensi forse che la semplice parola possa sostituire il consiglio e la forza nella guerra? Ora, in chi confidi tu, che ti ribelli contro di me? Ecco, tu confidi nell'Egitto, in questo sostegno di canna spezzata che penetra la mano e la fora a chi vi si appoggia; tale è il faraone re d'Egitto per chiunque confida in lui. Se mi dite: Noi confidiamo nel Signore nostro Dio, non è forse lo stesso a cui Ezechia distrusse le alture e gli altari, ordinando alla gente di Giuda e di Gerusalemme: Vi prostrerete solo davanti a questo altare? Or bene, fà una scommessa con il mio signore, il re di Assiria; io ti darò duemila cavalli, se puoi procurarti cavalieri per essi. Come potresti far indietreggiare uno solo dei più piccoli sudditi del mio signore? Eppure tu confidi nell'Egitto per i carri e i cavalieri! 10 Ora, è forse contro il volere del Signore che io mi sono mosso contro questo paese per distruggerlo? Il Signore mi ha detto: Muovi contro questo paese e distruggilo».

11 Eliakìm, Sebnà e Ioach risposero al gran coppiere: «Parla ai tuoi servi in aramaico, poiché noi lo comprendiamo; non parlare in ebraico alla portata degli orecchi del popolo che è sulle mura». 12 Il gran coppiere replicò: «Forse sono stato mandato al tuo signore e a te dal mio signore per dire tali parole o non piuttosto agli uomini che stanno sulle mura, i quali presto saranno ridotti a mangiare i loro escrementi e a bere la loro urina con voi?».

13 Il gran coppiere allora si alzò e gridò in ebraico: «Udite le parole del gran re, del re di Assiria. 14 Dice il re: Non vi inganni Ezechia, poiché egli non potrà salvarvi. 15 Ezechia non vi induca a confidare nel Signore dicendo: Certo, il Signore ci libererà; questa città non sarà messa nelle mani del re di Assiria. 16 Non date ascolto a Ezechia, poiché così dice il re di Assiria: Fate la pace con me e arrendetevi; allora ognuno potrà mangiare i frutti della propria vigna e del proprio fico e ognuno potrà bere l'acqua della sua cisterna, 17 finché io non venga per condurvi in un paese come il vostro, paese di frumento e di mosto, di pane e di vigne. 18 Non vi illuda Ezechia dicendovi: Il Signore ci libererà. Gli dei delle nazioni hanno forse liberato ognuno il proprio paese dalla mano del re di Assiria? 19 Dove sono gli dei di Amat e di Arpad? Dove sono gli dei di Sefarvàim? Hanno essi forse liberato Samaria dalla mia mano? 20 Quali mai, fra tutti gli dei di quelle regioni, hanno liberato il loro paese dalla mia mano? Potrà forse il Signore liberare Gerusalemme dalla mia mano?».

21 Quelli tacquero e non gli risposero neppure una parola, perché l'ordine del re era: «Non rispondetegli».

22 Eliakìm figlio di Chelkìa, il maggiordomo, Sebnà lo scrivano e Ioach figlio di Asaf, l'archivista, si presentarono a Ezechia con le vesti stracciate e gli riferirono le parole del gran coppiere.

Sennacherib Boasts Against the Lord(A)

36 Now (B)it came to pass in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them. Then the king of Assyria sent the [a]Rabshakeh with a great army from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. And he stood by the aqueduct from the upper pool, on the highway to the Fuller’s Field. And (C)Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, (D)Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph, the recorder, came out to him.

(E)Then the Rabshakeh said to them, “Say now to Hezekiah, ‘Thus says the great king, the king of Assyria: “What confidence is this in which you trust? I say you speak of having plans and power for war; but they are [b]mere words. Now in whom do you trust, that you rebel against me? Look! You are trusting in the (F)staff of this broken reed, Egypt, on which if a man leans, it will go into his hand and pierce it. So is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who (G)trust in him.

“But if you say to me, ‘We trust in the Lord our God,’ is it not He whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah has taken away, and said to Judah and Jerusalem, ‘You shall worship before this altar’?” ’ Now therefore, I urge you, give a pledge to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give you two thousand horses—if you are able on your part to put riders on them! How then will you repel one captain of the least of my master’s servants, and put your trust in Egypt for chariots and horsemen? 10 Have I now come up without the Lord against this land to destroy it? The Lord said to me, ‘Go up against this land, and destroy it.’ ”

11 Then Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah said to the Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it; and do not speak to us in [c]Hebrew in the hearing of the people who are on the wall.”

12 But the Rabshakeh said, “Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words, and not to the men who sit on the wall, who will eat and drink their own waste with you?”

13 Then the Rabshakeh stood and called out with a loud voice in Hebrew, and said, “Hear the words of the great king, the king of Assyria! 14 Thus says the king: ‘Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to deliver you; 15 nor let Hezekiah make you trust in the Lord, saying, “The Lord will surely deliver us; this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.” ’ 16 Do not listen to Hezekiah; for thus says the king of Assyria: ‘Make peace with me by a present and come out to me; (H)and every one of you eat from his own vine and every one from his own fig tree, and every one of you drink the waters of his own cistern; 17 until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards. 18 Beware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, “The Lord will deliver us.” Has any one of the (I)gods of the nations delivered its land from the hand of the king of Assyria? 19 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Indeed, have they delivered (J)Samaria from my hand? 20 Who among all the gods of these lands have delivered their countries from my hand, that the Lord should deliver Jerusalem from my hand?’ ”

21 But they [d]held their peace and answered him not a word; for the king’s commandment was, “Do not answer him.” 22 Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph, the recorder, came to Hezekiah with their clothes torn, and told him the words of the Rabshakeh.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 36:2 A title, probably Chief of Staff or Governor
  2. Isaiah 36:5 Lit. a word of the lips
  3. Isaiah 36:11 Lit. Judean
  4. Isaiah 36:21 were silent

36 Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the defenced cities of Judah, and took them.

And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem unto king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field.

Then came forth unto him Eliakim, Hilkiah's son, which was over the house, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, Asaph's son, the recorder.

And Rabshakeh said unto them, Say ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein thou trustest?

I say, sayest thou, (but they are but vain words) I have counsel and strength for war: now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me?

Lo, thou trustest in the staff of this broken reed, on Egypt; whereon if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all that trust in him.

But if thou say to me, We trust in the Lord our God: is it not he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar?

Now therefore give pledges, I pray thee, to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them.

How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?

10 And am I now come up without the Lord against this land to destroy it? the Lord said unto me, Go up against this land, and destroy it.

11 Then said Eliakim and Shebna and Joah unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, unto thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and speak not to us in the Jews' language, in the ears of the people that are on the wall.

12 But Rabshakeh said, Hath my master sent me to thy master and to thee to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink their own piss with you?

13 Then Rabshakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language, and said, Hear ye the words of the great king, the king of Assyria.

14 Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you.

15 Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the Lord, saying, The Lord will surely deliver us: this city shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.

16 Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me: and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern;

17 Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards.

18 Beware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, the Lord will deliver us. Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria?

19 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arphad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?

20 Who are they among all the gods of these lands, that have delivered their land out of my hand, that the Lord should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand?

21 But they held their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king's commandment was, saying, Answer him not.

22 Then came Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, that was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh.

36 Nangyari nga nang ikalabing apat na taon ng haring Ezechias, na umahon si Sennacherib na hari sa Asiria laban sa lahat na bayang nakukutaan ng Juda, at pinagsakop.

At sinugo ng hari sa Asiria si Rabsaces sa Jerusalem mula sa Lachis sa haring Ezechias, na may malaking hukbo. At siya'y tumayo sa tabi ng padaluyan ng tubig ng lalong mataas na tipunan ng tubig sa lansangan ng parang ng tagapagpaputi.

Nang magkagayo'y nilabas siya ni Eliacim na anak ni Hilcias, na katiwala sa bahay, at ni Sebna na kalihim, at ni Joah na anak ni Asaph na kasangguni.

At sinabi ni Rabsaces sa kanila, Sabihin ninyo ngayon kay Ezechias, Ganito ang sabi ng dakilang hari, ng hari sa Asiria, Anong pagasa itong iyong tinitiwalaan?

Aking sinasabing ang iyong payo at kalakasan sa pakikidigma ay mga salita lamang na walang kabuluhan: ngayo'y kanino ka tumitiwala na ikaw ay nanghimagsik laban sa akin?

Narito, ikaw ay tumitiwala sa tungkod na ito na tambong lapok, sa makatuwid baga'y sa Egipto, na kung ang sinoman ay sumandal, ay bubutas sa kaniyang kamay, at tatasakan: nagiging gayon si Faraong hari sa Egipto sa lahat na nagsisitiwala sa kaniya.

Nguni't kung iyong sabihin sa akin, Kami ay nagsisitiwala sa Panginoon naming Dios: hindi baga siya'y yaong inalisan ni Ezechias ng mga mataas na dako at ng mga dambana, at nagsabi sa Juda at sa Jerusalem, Kayo'y magsisisamba sa harap ng dambanang ito?

Ngayon nga isinasamo ko sa iyo, na magbigay ka ng mga sanla sa aking panginoon na hari sa Asiria, at bibigyan kita ng dalawang libong kabayo, kung ikaw ay makapaglalagay sa ganang iyo ng mga mananakay sa mga yaon.

Paano ngang iyong mapapipihit ang mukha ng isang kapitan sa pinakamababa sa mga alipin ng aking panginoon, at ilalagak mo ang iyong tiwala sa Egipto dahil sa mga karo at dahil sa mga mangangabayo?

10 At ako baga'y umahon na di ko kasama ang Panginoon laban sa lupaing ito upang lipulin? Sinabi ng Panginoon sa akin, Ikaw ay umahon laban sa lupaing ito, at iyong lipulin.

11 Nang magkagayo'y sinabi ni Eliacim, at ni Sebna at ni Joah kay Rabsaces, Isinasamo ko sa iyo na ikaw ay magsalita sa iyong mga lingkod sa wikang Siria: sapagka't aming naiintindihan: at huwag kang magsalita sa amin sa wikang Judio, sa mga pakinig ng bayan na nasa kuta.

12 Nguni't sinabi ni Rabsaces, Sinugo baga ako ng aking panginoon sa iyong panginoon, at sa iyo, upang magsalita ng mga salitang ito? di baga niya ako sinugo sa mga lalake na nangakaupo sa kuta, upang kumain ng kanilang sariling dumi, at upang uminom ng kanilang tubig na kasama ninyo?

13 Nang magkagayo'y tumayo si Rabsaces, at humiyaw ng malakas na tinig sa wikang Judio, at nagsabi: Dinggin ninyo ang mga salita ng dakilang hari, ng hari sa Asiria.

14 Ganito ang sabi ng hari, Huwag kayong padaya kay Ezechias; sapagka't hindi niya maililigtas kayo:

15 O patiwalain man kayo ni Ezechias sa Panginoon, na sabihin: Walang pagsalang ililigtas tayo ng Panginoon; ang bayang ito ay hindi mapapasa kamay ng hari sa Asiria.

16 Huwag ninyong dinggin si Ezechias: sapagka't ganito ang sabi ng hari sa Asiria, Makipagpayapaan kayo sa akin, at labasin ninyo ako; at kumain ang bawa't isa sa inyo sa kaniyang puno ng ubas, at ang bawa't isa sa kaniyang puno ng igos, at inumin ng bawa't isa sa inyo ang tubig ng kaniyang sariling balon:

17 Hanggang sa ako'y dumating at dalhin ko kayo sa isang lupaing gaya ng inyong sariling lupain, na lupain ng trigo at ng alak, na lupain ng tinapay at ng mga ubasan.

18 Huwag kayong pahikayat kay Ezechias, na sabihin, Ililigtas tayo ng Panginoon. Nagligtas baga ang sinoman sa mga dios ng mga bansa ng kaniyang lupain sa kamay ng hari sa Asiria?

19 Saan nandoon ang mga dios ng Hamath at ng Arphad? saan nandoon ang mga dios ng Sephar-vaim? iniligtas baga nila ang Samaria sa aking kamay?

20 Sino sa kanila sa lahat na dios ng mga lupaing ito, ang nagligtas ng kanilang lupain sa aking kamay, na ililigtas ng Panginoon ang Jerusalem sa aking kamay?

21 Nguni't sila'y nagsitahimik, at hindi nagsisagot sa kaniya ng kahit isang salita: sapagka't iniutos nga ng hari na sinasabi, Huwag ninyong sagutin siya.

22 Nang magkagayo'y naparoon si Eliacim na anak ni Hilcias, na siyang tagapamahala sa bahay, at si Sebna na kalihim at si Joah na anak ni Asaph na kasangguni, kay Ezechias na ang kanilang suot ay hapak, at isinaysay sa kaniya ang mga salita ni Rabsaces.