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C. Oracles Against the Foreign Nations[a]

Chapter 13

Babylon.[b] An oracle[c] concerning Babylon; a vision of Isaiah, son of Amoz.

Upon the bare mountains set up a signal;
    cry out to them,[d]
Beckon for them to enter
    the gates of the nobles.(A)
I have commanded my consecrated ones,[e]
    I have summoned my warriors,
    eager and bold to carry out my anger.(B)
Listen! the rumble on the mountains:
    that of an immense throng!
Listen! the noise of kingdoms, nations assembled!
The Lord of hosts is mustering
    an army for battle.(C)
They come from a far-off country,
    and from the end of the heavens,
The Lord and the instruments of his wrath,
    to destroy all the land.
Howl, for the day of the Lord[f] is near;
    as destruction from the Almighty it comes.(D)
Therefore all hands fall helpless,(E)
    every human heart melts,
    and they are terrified,
Pangs and sorrows take hold of them,
    like a woman in labor they writhe;
They look aghast at each other,
    their faces aflame.(F)
Indeed, the day of the Lord comes,
    cruel, with wrath and burning anger;
To lay waste the land
    and destroy the sinners within it!(G)
10 The stars of the heavens and their constellations
    will send forth no light;
The sun will be dark at its rising,
    and the moon will not give its light.(H)
11 Thus I will punish the world for its evil
    and the wicked for their guilt.
I will put an end to the pride of the arrogant,
    the insolence of tyrants I will humble.(I)
12 I will make mortals more rare than pure gold,
    human beings, than the gold of Ophir.[g](J)
13 For this I will make the heavens tremble
    and the earth shall be shaken from its place,
At the wrath of the Lord of hosts
    on the day of his burning anger.(K)
14 Like a hunted gazelle,
    or a flock that no one gathers,
They shall turn each to their own people
    and flee each to their own land.(L)
15 Everyone who is taken shall be run through;
    and everyone who is caught shall fall by the sword.
16 Their infants shall be dashed to pieces in their sight;
    their houses shall be plundered
    and their wives ravished.(M)
17 I am stirring up against them the Medes,
    who think nothing of silver
    and take no delight in gold.(N)
18 With their bows they shall shatter the young men,
And the fruit of the womb they shall not spare,
    nor shall their eye take pity on children.
19 And Babylon, the jewel of kingdoms,
    the glory and pride of the Chaldeans,
Shall become like Sodom and Gomorrah,
    overthrown by God.(O)
20 It shall never be inhabited,
    nor dwelt in, from age to age;
Arabians shall not pitch their tents there,
    nor shepherds rest their flocks there.(P)
21 But desert demons shall rest there
    and owls shall fill the houses;
There ostriches shall dwell,
    and satyrs[h] shall dance.(Q)
22 Wild dogs shall dwell in its castles,
    and jackals in its luxurious palaces.
Its time is near at hand
    and its days shall not be prolonged.(R)

Footnotes

  1. 13:1–23:18 These chapters, which probably existed at one time as an independent collection, consist primarily of oracles from various sources against foreign nations. While some of the material is Isaianic, in many cases it has been reworked by later editors or writers.
  2. 13:1–22 Although attributed to Isaiah (v. 1), this oracle does not reflect conditions of Isaiah’s time. Babylon did not achieve imperial status until a century later, after its victory over Assyria in 609 B.C. The mention of the Medes (v. 17) rather than Persia suggests a date prior to 550 B.C., when the Median empire of Astyages fell to Cyrus the Persian. Tension is created in that the attackers are not named until v. 17 and the foe to be attacked until v. 19.
  3. 13:1 Oracle: Heb. massa’; used eight more times in this collection.
  4. 13:2 To them: the Medes (v. 17), who are being summoned to destroy Babylon. Gates of the nobles: the reference is apparently to the gates of Babylon and involves a wordplay on the city name (Babylon = bab ilani, “gate of the gods”).
  5. 13:3 Consecrated ones: in the sense that they will wage a “holy war” and carry out God’s plan.
  6. 13:6–8 Day of the Lord: described often in prophetic writings, it generally signified the coming of the Lord in power and majesty to destroy his enemies. The figures used convey the idea of horror and destruction (Am 5:18–20). The Almighty: Heb. shaddai; there is a play on words between destruction (shod) and Shaddai, a title for God traditionally rendered as “the Almighty” (cf. Gn 17:1; Ex 6:3).
  7. 13:12 Ophir: cf. note on Ps 45:10.
  8. 13:21 Satyrs: in the popular mind, demons of goatlike form dwelling in ruins, symbols of immorality; cf. Lv 17:7; Is 34:14.

Proclamation against Babylon

13 The oracle concerning Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz saw.

On a bare hill raise a signal,
    cry aloud to them;
wave the hand for them to enter
    the gates of the nobles.
I myself have commanded my consecrated ones,
    have summoned my warriors, my proudly exulting ones,
    to execute my anger.

Listen, a tumult on the mountains
    as of a great multitude!
Listen, an uproar of kingdoms,
    of nations gathering together!
The Lord of hosts is mustering
    an army for battle.
They come from a distant land,
    from the end of the heavens,
the Lord and the weapons of his indignation,
    to destroy the whole earth.

Wail, for the day of the Lord is near;
    it will come like destruction from the Almighty![a]
Therefore all hands will be feeble,
    and every human heart will melt,
    and they will be dismayed.
Pangs and agony will seize them;
    they will be in anguish like a woman in labor.
They will look aghast at one another;
    their faces will be aflame.
See, the day of the Lord comes,
    cruel, with wrath and fierce anger,
to make the earth a desolation,
    and to destroy its sinners from it.
10 For the stars of the heavens and their constellations
    will not give their light;
the sun will be dark at its rising,
    and the moon will not shed its light.
11 I will punish the world for its evil,
    and the wicked for their iniquity;
I will put an end to the pride of the arrogant,
    and lay low the insolence of tyrants.
12 I will make mortals more rare than fine gold,
    and humans than the gold of Ophir.
13 Therefore I will make the heavens tremble,
    and the earth will be shaken out of its place,
at the wrath of the Lord of hosts
    in the day of his fierce anger.
14 Like a hunted gazelle,
    or like sheep with no one to gather them,
all will turn to their own people,
    and all will flee to their own lands.
15 Whoever is found will be thrust through,
    and whoever is caught will fall by the sword.
16 Their infants will be dashed to pieces
    before their eyes;
their houses will be plundered,
    and their wives ravished.
17 See, I am stirring up the Medes against them,
    who have no regard for silver
    and do not delight in gold.
18 Their bows will slaughter the young men;
    they will have no mercy on the fruit of the womb;
    their eyes will not pity children.
19 And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms,
    the splendor and pride of the Chaldeans,
will be like Sodom and Gomorrah
    when God overthrew them.
20 It will never be inhabited
    or lived in for all generations;
Arabs will not pitch their tents there,
    shepherds will not make their flocks lie down there.
21 But wild animals will lie down there,
    and its houses will be full of howling creatures;
there ostriches will live,
    and there goat-demons will dance.
22 Hyenas will cry in its towers,
    and jackals in the pleasant palaces;
its time is close at hand,
    and its days will not be prolonged.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 13:6 Traditional rendering of Heb Shaddai

Babylon falls

13 An oracle about Babylon, which Isaiah, Amoz’s son, saw.

On a bare mountain raise a signal;
    cry aloud to them;
    wave a hand;
    let them enter the officials’ gates.
I have commanded my holy ones;
    I have called my warriors,
    my proud, jubilant ones,
    to execute my wrath.
Listen![a] A roar on the mountains like that of a great crowd.
Listen! An uproar of kingdoms,
    of nations coming together.
The Lord of heavenly forces is mustering an army for battle.
They are coming from a distant land,
        from the faraway heavens,
    the Lord and the instruments of his fury, to destroy the whole land.

Wail, for the day of the Lord is near.
    Like destruction from the Almighty[b] it will come.
Then all hands will fall limp;
    every human heart will melt,
    and they will be terrified.
Like a woman writhing in labor,
    they will be seized by spasms and agony.
They will look at each other aghast,
    their faces blazing.

Look, the day of the Lord is coming with cruel rage and burning anger,
    making the earth a ruin,
    and wiping out its sinners.
10 Heaven’s stars and constellations won’t show their light.
The sun will be dark when it rises;
    the moon will no longer shine.
11 I will bring disaster upon the world for its evil,
    and bring their own sin upon the wicked.
I will end the pride of the insolent,
    and the conceit of tyrants I will lay low.
12 I will make humans scarcer than fine gold;
    people rarer than the gold of Ophir.
13 I will rattle the heavens;
    the earth will shake loose from its place—because of the rage
    of the Lord of heavenly forces
        on the day his anger burns.
14 They will be like hunted gazelles, like sheep without a shepherd;
    all will turn to their own people
    and flee to their own lands.
15 Whoever is found will be stabbed;
    whoever is caught will fall by the sword.
16 Their infants will be crushed before their eyes;
    their houses plundered, their women raped.

17 Look! I’m rousing the Medes against them;
    the Medes pay no mind to silver, no desire for gold.
18 Their bows will smash youths;
    they will be merciless to newborns, pitiless to children.
19 So Babylon, a jewel among kingdoms,
    the Chaldeans’ splendor and pride,
    will be like Sodom and Gomorrah,
        destroyed by God.
20 No one will ever resettle
    or live there for generations.
No Arab will camp there;
    no shepherds will rest flocks there.
21 Wildcats will rest there;
    houses will be filled with owls.
Ostriches will live there,
    and goat demons will dance there.
22 Hyenas will howl in its strongholds,
    and jackals in its luxurious palaces.
Babylon’s[c] time is coming soon;
    its days won’t drag on.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 13:4 Heb lacks Listen!
  2. Isaiah 13:6 Heb Shaddai or Mountain One
  3. Isaiah 13:22 Heb Its

Prophecies about Babylon

13 The (A)pronouncement concerning (B)Babylon which (C)Isaiah the son of Amoz saw:

(D)Lift up a flag on the [a](E)bare hill,
Raise your voice to them,
(F)Wave the hand that they may (G)enter the doors of the nobles.
I have commanded My consecrated ones,
I have also called for My (H)warriors
Who boast in My eminence,
To execute My anger.
A (I)sound of a roar on the mountains,
Like that of many people!
A sound of an uproar of kingdoms,
Of nations gathered together!
The Lord of armies is mustering the army for battle.
They are coming from a distant country,
From the [b](J)farthest horizons,
The Lord and the weapons of His (K)indignation,
To (L)destroy the whole land.

Judgment on the Day of the Lord

Wail, for the (M)day of the Lord is near!
It will come as (N)destruction from [c]the Almighty.
Therefore (O)all hands will fall limp,
And every human (P)heart will melt.
They will be (Q)terrified,
Pains and anguish will take hold of them;
They will (R)writhe like a woman in labor,
They will look at one another in astonishment,
Their faces aflame.
Behold, (S)the day of the Lord is coming,
Cruel, with fury and burning anger,
To make the land a desolation;
And He will exterminate its sinners from it.
10 For the (T)stars of heaven and their constellations
Will not flash their light;
The (U)sun will be dark when it rises
And the moon will not shed its light.
11 So I will (V)punish the world for its evil
And the (W)wicked for their wrongdoing;
I will also put an end to the (X)audacity of the proud
And humiliate the (Y)arrogance of the [d](Z)tyrants.
12 I will make mortal man (AA)scarcer than pure gold
And mankind than the (AB)gold of Ophir.
13 Therefore I will make the (AC)heavens tremble,
And (AD)the earth will be shaken from its place
At the fury of the Lord of armies
In (AE)the day of His burning anger.
14 And it will be that, like a hunted gazelle,
Or like (AF)sheep with no one to gather them,
Each of them will turn to his own people,
And each of them will flee to his own land.
15 Anyone who is found will be (AG)thrust through,
And anyone who is captured will fall by the sword.
16 Their (AH)little ones also will be dashed to pieces
Before their eyes;
Their houses will be plundered
And their wives raped.

Babylon Will Fall to the Medes

17 Behold, I am going to (AI)stir up the Medes against them,
Who will not value silver or (AJ)take pleasure in gold.
18 And their bows will [e]mow down the (AK)young men,
They will not even have compassion on the fruit of the womb,
Nor will their (AL)eye pity [f]children.
19 And (AM)Babylon, the (AN)beauty of kingdoms, the glory of the Chaldeans’ pride,
Will be as when God (AO)overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.
20 It will (AP)never be inhabited or lived in from generation to generation;
Nor will the (AQ)Arab pitch his tent there,
Nor will shepherds allow their flocks to lie down there.
21 But (AR)desert creatures will lie down there,
And their houses will be full of [g]owls;
Ostriches also will live there, and [h]shaggy goats will frolic there.
22 [i]Hyenas will howl in their fortified towers
And jackals in their luxurious (AS)palaces.
Her fateful time also [j]will soon come,
And her days will not be prolonged.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 13:2 Or wind-swept mountain
  2. Isaiah 13:5 Lit end of heaven
  3. Isaiah 13:6 Heb Shaddai
  4. Isaiah 13:11 Or violent
  5. Isaiah 13:18 Lit dash in pieces
  6. Isaiah 13:18 Lit sons
  7. Isaiah 13:21 Or howling creatures
  8. Isaiah 13:21 Or goat demons
  9. Isaiah 13:22 Or howling creatures
  10. Isaiah 13:22 Lit is near to come

A Prophecy Against Babylon

13 A prophecy(A) against Babylon(B) that Isaiah son of Amoz(C) saw:(D)

Raise a banner(E) on a bare hilltop,
    shout to them;
beckon to them
    to enter the gates(F) of the nobles.
I have commanded those I prepared for battle;
    I have summoned my warriors(G) to carry out my wrath(H)
    those who rejoice(I) in my triumph.

Listen, a noise on the mountains,
    like that of a great multitude!(J)
Listen, an uproar(K) among the kingdoms,
    like nations massing together!
The Lord Almighty(L) is mustering(M)
    an army for war.
They come from faraway lands,
    from the ends of the heavens(N)
the Lord and the weapons(O) of his wrath(P)
    to destroy(Q) the whole country.

Wail,(R) for the day(S) of the Lord is near;
    it will come like destruction(T) from the Almighty.[a](U)
Because of this, all hands will go limp,(V)
    every heart will melt with fear.(W)
Terror(X) will seize them,
    pain and anguish will grip(Y) them;
    they will writhe like a woman in labor.(Z)
They will look aghast at each other,
    their faces aflame.(AA)

See, the day(AB) of the Lord is coming
    —a cruel(AC) day, with wrath(AD) and fierce anger(AE)
to make the land desolate
    and destroy the sinners within it.
10 The stars of heaven and their constellations
    will not show their light.(AF)
The rising sun(AG) will be darkened(AH)
    and the moon will not give its light.(AI)
11 I will punish(AJ) the world for its evil,
    the wicked(AK) for their sins.
I will put an end to the arrogance of the haughty(AL)
    and will humble(AM) the pride of the ruthless.(AN)
12 I will make people(AO) scarcer than pure gold,
    more rare than the gold of Ophir.(AP)
13 Therefore I will make the heavens tremble;(AQ)
    and the earth will shake(AR) from its place
at the wrath(AS) of the Lord Almighty,
    in the day of his burning anger.(AT)

14 Like a hunted(AU) gazelle,
    like sheep without a shepherd,(AV)
they will all return to their own people,
    they will flee(AW) to their native land.(AX)
15 Whoever is captured will be thrust through;
    all who are caught will fall(AY) by the sword.(AZ)
16 Their infants(BA) will be dashed to pieces before their eyes;
    their houses will be looted and their wives violated.(BB)

17 See, I will stir up(BC) against them the Medes,(BD)
    who do not care for silver
    and have no delight in gold.(BE)
18 Their bows(BF) will strike down the young men;(BG)
    they will have no mercy(BH) on infants,
    nor will they look with compassion on children.(BI)
19 Babylon,(BJ) the jewel of kingdoms,(BK)
    the pride and glory(BL) of the Babylonians,[b]
will be overthrown(BM) by God
    like Sodom and Gomorrah.(BN)
20 She will never be inhabited(BO)
    or lived in through all generations;
there no nomads(BP) will pitch their tents,
    there no shepherds will rest their flocks.
21 But desert creatures(BQ) will lie there,
    jackals(BR) will fill her houses;
there the owls(BS) will dwell,
    and there the wild goats(BT) will leap about.
22 Hyenas(BU) will inhabit her strongholds,(BV)
    jackals(BW) her luxurious palaces.
Her time is at hand,(BX)
    and her days will not be prolonged.(BY)

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 13:6 Hebrew Shaddai
  2. Isaiah 13:19 Or Chaldeans