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Israele, la vigna del Signore

(A)Io voglio cantare per il mio amico il cantico del mio amico per la sua vigna. Il mio amico aveva una vigna sopra una fertile collina.

La dissodò, ne tolse via le pietre, vi piantò delle viti scelte, vi costruì in mezzo una torre e vi scavò uno strettoio per pigiare l’uva. Egli si aspettava che facesse uva, invece fece uva selvatica.

Ora, abitanti di Gerusalemme, e voi, uomini di Giuda, giudicate fra me e la mia vigna!

Che cosa si sarebbe potuto fare alla mia vigna più di quanto ho fatto per essa? Perché, mentre mi aspettavo che facesse uva, ha fatto uva selvatica?

Ebbene, ora vi farò conoscere ciò che sto per fare alla mia vigna: le toglierò la siepe e vi pascoleranno le bestie; abbatterò il suo muro di cinta e sarà calpestata.

Ne farò un deserto; non sarà più né potata né zappata, vi cresceranno i rovi e le spine, e darò ordine alle nuvole che non vi lascino cadere pioggia.

Infatti la vigna del Signore degli eserciti è la casa d’Israele, e gli uomini di Giuda sono la sua piantagione prediletta. Egli si aspettava rettitudine, ed ecco spargimento di sangue; giustizia, ed ecco grida d’angoscia!

Peccati d’Israele e suoi castighi

(B)Guai a quelli che aggiungono casa a casa, che uniscono campo a campo, finché non rimanga più spazio, e voi restiate soli ad abitare nel paese!

Questo mi ha detto all’orecchio il Signore degli eserciti: «In verità case numerose saranno desolate, queste case grandi e belle saranno private d’abitanti;

10 dieci iugeri[a] di vigna non daranno che un bat[b], e un comer[c] di seme non darà che un efa[d]».

11 Guai a quelli che la mattina si alzano presto per correre dietro alle bevande alcoliche e fanno tardi la sera, finché il vino li infiammi!

12 La cetra, il saltèro, il tamburello, il flauto e il vino rallegrano i loro banchetti! Ma non pongono mente a ciò che fa il Signore, e non considerano l’opera delle sue mani.

13 Perciò il mio popolo sarà deportato, a causa della sua ignoranza[e]; i suoi nobili moriranno di fame e le sue folle saranno inaridite dalla sete.

14 Perciò il soggiorno dei morti si è aperto bramoso e ha spalancato oltremisura la gola; laggiù scende lo splendore di Sion e la sua folla chiassosa e festante.

15 L’uomo è umiliato, ognuno è abbassato, e abbassati sono gli sguardi alteri;

16 ma il Signore degli eserciti è esaltato mediante il giudizio, e il Dio santo è santificato per la sua giustizia.

17 Gli agnelli pastureranno come nei loro pascoli e gli stranieri divoreranno i campi deserti dei ricchi!

18 Guai a quelli che tirano l’iniquità con le corde del vizio, e il peccato come con le corde di un cocchio,

19 e dicono: «Faccia presto, affretti l’opera sua, che noi la vediamo! Venga e si esegua il disegno del Santo d’Israele, affinché noi lo conosciamo!»

20 Guai a quelli che chiamano bene il male e male il bene, che cambiano le tenebre in luce e la luce in tenebre, che cambiano l’amaro in dolce e il dolce in amaro!

21 Guai a quelli che si ritengono saggi e si credono intelligenti!

22 Guai a quelli che sono prodi nel bere il vino e abili nel tagliare le bevande alcoliche;

23 che assolvono il malvagio per un regalo e privano il giusto del suo diritto!

24 Perciò, come una lingua di fuoco divora la stoppia e come la fiamma consuma l’erba secca, così la loro radice sarà come marciume, e il loro fiore sarà portato via come polvere; perché hanno rifiutato la legge del Signore degli eserciti e hanno disprezzato la parola del Santo d’Israele.

25 Per questo divampa l’ira del Signore contro il suo popolo; egli stende contro di esso la sua mano e lo colpisce; tremano i monti, i cadaveri sono come spazzatura in mezzo alle vie; con tutto ciò, la sua ira non si calma e la sua mano rimane distesa.

26 (C)Egli alza un vessillo per le nazioni lontane; fischia a un popolo, che è all’estremità della terra; ed eccolo che arriva, pronto, leggero.

27 In esso nessuno è stanco o vacilla, nessuno sonnecchia o dorme; a nessuno si scioglie la cintura dei fianchi o si rompe il legaccio dei calzari.

28 Le sue frecce sono appuntite, tutti i suoi archi sono tesi; gli zoccoli dei suoi cavalli paiono pietre, le ruote dei suoi carri un turbine.

29 Il suo ruggito è come quello di un leone; rugge come il leoncello; rugge, afferra la preda, la porta via al sicuro, senza che nessuno gliela strappi.

30 In quel giorno egli muggirà contro Giuda come mugge il mare; e, a guardare il paese, ecco tenebre, angoscia e la luce che si oscura mediante le sue nuvole.

Footnotes

  1. Isaia 5:10 Dieci iugeri, circa tre ettari.
  2. Isaia 5:10 Un bat, circa trentacinque litri.
  3. Isaia 5:10 Un comer, circa trecentocinquanta litri.
  4. Isaia 5:10 Un efa, circa trentacinque litri.
  5. Isaia 5:13 A causa della sua ignoranza, altri traducono all’improvviso.

The Song of the Vineyard

I will sing for the one I love
    a song about his vineyard:(A)
My loved one had a vineyard
    on a fertile hillside.
He dug it up and cleared it of stones
    and planted it with the choicest vines.(B)
He built a watchtower(C) in it
    and cut out a winepress(D) as well.
Then he looked for a crop of good grapes,
    but it yielded only bad fruit.(E)

“Now you dwellers in Jerusalem and people of Judah,
    judge between me and my vineyard.(F)
What more could have been done for my vineyard
    than I have done for it?(G)
When I looked for good grapes,
    why did it yield only bad?(H)
Now I will tell you
    what I am going to do to my vineyard:
I will take away its hedge,
    and it will be destroyed;(I)
I will break down its wall,(J)
    and it will be trampled.(K)
I will make it a wasteland,(L)
    neither pruned nor cultivated,
    and briers and thorns(M) will grow there.
I will command the clouds
    not to rain(N) on it.”

The vineyard(O) of the Lord Almighty
    is the nation of Israel,
and the people of Judah
    are the vines he delighted in.
And he looked for justice,(P) but saw bloodshed;
    for righteousness,(Q) but heard cries of distress.(R)

Woes and Judgments

Woe(S) to you who add house to house
    and join field to field(T)
till no space is left
    and you live alone in the land.

The Lord Almighty(U) has declared in my hearing:(V)

“Surely the great houses will become desolate,(W)
    the fine mansions left without occupants.
10 A ten-acre vineyard will produce only a bath[a] of wine;
    a homer[b] of seed will yield only an ephah[c] of grain.”(X)

11 Woe(Y) to those who rise early in the morning
    to run after their drinks,
who stay up late at night
    till they are inflamed with wine.(Z)
12 They have harps and lyres at their banquets,
    pipes(AA) and timbrels(AB) and wine,
but they have no regard(AC) for the deeds of the Lord,
    no respect for the work of his hands.(AD)
13 Therefore my people will go into exile(AE)
    for lack of understanding;(AF)
those of high rank(AG) will die of hunger
    and the common people will be parched with thirst.(AH)
14 Therefore Death(AI) expands its jaws,
    opening wide its mouth;(AJ)
into it will descend their nobles and masses
    with all their brawlers and revelers.(AK)
15 So people will be brought low(AL)
    and everyone humbled,(AM)
    the eyes of the arrogant(AN) humbled.
16 But the Lord Almighty will be exalted(AO) by his justice,(AP)
    and the holy God will be proved holy(AQ) by his righteous acts.
17 Then sheep will graze as in their own pasture;(AR)
    lambs will feed[d] among the ruins of the rich.

18 Woe(AS) to those who draw sin along with cords(AT) of deceit,
    and wickedness(AU) as with cart ropes,
19 to those who say, “Let God hurry;
    let him hasten(AV) his work
    so we may see it.
The plan of the Holy One(AW) of Israel—
    let it approach, let it come into view,
    so we may know it.”(AX)

20 Woe(AY) to those who call evil good(AZ)
    and good evil,(BA)
who put darkness for light
    and light for darkness,(BB)
who put bitter for sweet
    and sweet for bitter.(BC)

21 Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes(BD)
    and clever in their own sight.

22 Woe to those who are heroes at drinking wine(BE)
    and champions at mixing drinks,(BF)
23 who acquit the guilty for a bribe,(BG)
    but deny justice(BH) to the innocent.(BI)
24 Therefore, as tongues of fire(BJ) lick up straw(BK)
    and as dry grass sinks down in the flames,
so their roots will decay(BL)
    and their flowers blow away like dust;(BM)
for they have rejected the law of the Lord Almighty
    and spurned the word(BN) of the Holy One(BO) of Israel.
25 Therefore the Lord’s anger(BP) burns against his people;
    his hand is raised and he strikes them down.
The mountains shake,(BQ)
    and the dead bodies(BR) are like refuse(BS) in the streets.(BT)

Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away,(BU)
    his hand is still upraised.(BV)

26 He lifts up a banner(BW) for the distant nations,
    he whistles(BX) for those at the ends of the earth.(BY)
Here they come,
    swiftly and speedily!
27 Not one of them grows tired(BZ) or stumbles,
    not one slumbers or sleeps;
not a belt(CA) is loosened at the waist,(CB)
    not a sandal strap is broken.(CC)
28 Their arrows are sharp,(CD)
    all their bows(CE) are strung;
their horses’ hooves(CF) seem like flint,
    their chariot wheels like a whirlwind.(CG)
29 Their roar is like that of the lion,(CH)
    they roar like young lions;
they growl as they seize(CI) their prey
    and carry it off with no one to rescue.(CJ)
30 In that day(CK) they will roar over it
    like the roaring of the sea.(CL)
And if one looks at the land,
    there is only darkness(CM) and distress;(CN)
    even the sun will be darkened(CO) by clouds.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 5:10 That is, about 6 gallons or about 22 liters
  2. Isaiah 5:10 That is, probably about 360 pounds or about 160 kilograms
  3. Isaiah 5:10 That is, probably about 36 pounds or about 16 kilograms
  4. Isaiah 5:17 Septuagint; Hebrew / strangers will eat

The Lord’s Vineyard

I will sing[a] for my beloved
    my love-song concerning his vineyard:

“The one I love had a vineyard
    on a very fertile hill.
He plowed its land[b] and cleared it of stones.
    Then he planted it with the choicest vines,
built a watchtower in the middle of it,
    and dug a wine vat in it;
He expected[c] it to produce good[d] grapes,
    but it produced only wild ones.”[e]

“So now, you inhabitants[f] of Jerusalem
    and men of Judah,
judge, won’t you please,
    between me and my vineyard.
What more could I do in[g] my vineyard,
    that I haven’t already done?
When I expected it to produce good[h] grapes,
    why did it yield[i] wild ones?[j]

“Now, let me tell you, won’t you please,
    what I’m going to do to my vineyard.

“I’m going to take away its protective hedge,
    and it will be devoured;[k]
I’ll break down its wall,
    and it will be trampled.
I’ll make it a wasteland,
    and it won’t be pruned or cultivated.
Instead, briers and thorns will grow up.
    I’ll also issue commands to the clouds,
        that they drop no rain upon it.”

For the vineyard of the Lord of the Heavenly Armies
    is the house of Israel,
and the men of Judah
    are the garden in which he delights.[l]
He looked for justice,
    but saw only bloodshed;
he searched[m] for righteousness,
    but heard only an outcry!

Judgment on Land Barons

“How terrible it will be for you who join house to house,
    who add field to field,
until there is no more room,
    and you have settled yourselves alone[n]
        in the middle of the land!”

The Lord of the Heavenly Armies has declared this so I could hear it:

“Surely many houses will become desolate,
    great and beautiful houses,
        without occupants.
10 For ten acres of vineyard will produce only one bath,[o]
    and one omer[p] of seed[q] will produce only one ephah.”[r]

Judgment on Alcoholics

11 “How terrible it will be for those who rise at dawn
    in order to grab[s] a stiff drink,
for those who stay up late at night
    as wine inflames them!
12 They have the lyre and harp,
    the tambourine and flute,
        as well as wine at their festivals,
but they don’t respect what the Lord is doing,
    nor do they consider his actions.[t]
13 Therefore my people go into exile
    because they lack understanding;
my[u] honored men go hungry,
    and the crowd is parched with thirst.
14 Therefore Sheol’s[v] appetite has grown;
    it has opened its mouth beyond limit.
Jerusalem’s nobility and her multitudes will go there,
    along with her brawlers and whoever is reveling within her.
15 Humanity is brought low,
    and each one is humbled,
        while the eyes of the self-exalting are brought low.

16 But the Lord of the Heavenly Armies is exalted in justice,
    and the Holy God proves himself to be righteously holy.
17 Then the lambs will graze in their pasture;
    fatlings and foreigners will eat
        among the waste places of the rich.”

Judgment on Mockers

18 “How terrible it will be for those who parade iniquity with cords of falsehood,
    who draw sin along as[w] with a cart rope;
19 who say: ‘Let God[x] be quick,
    let him speed up[y] his work
        so we may see it!
Let it happen!
    let the plan of the Holy One of Israel draw near,
        so we may recognize it!’”

Judgment on Moral Relativists

20 “How terrible it will be for those who call evil good
    and good evil,
who substitute darkness for light
    and light for darkness,
who substitute what is bitter for what is sweet
    and what is sweet for what is bitter!”

Judgment on the Arrogant

21 “How terrible it will be for those who are wise in their own opinion,
    and clever in their own reckoning!

22 “How terrible it will be for those who are heroes at drinking wine,
    and champions in mixing strong drink,
23 who acquit the guilty for a bribe,
    and deprive the innocent of justice!”

The Effects of Divine Judgment

24 Therefore, as flames of fire devour straw,
    as dry grass[z] collapses in flames,
so their root will be rotten,
    and their blossom will blow away like dust,
because they have rejected the instruction[aa] of the Lord of the Heavenly Armies,
    and have despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.
25 Therefore[ab] the anger of the Lord[ac] burned against his people,
    so he stretched out his hands[ad] against them
        and afflicted them.
The mountains quaked,
    and their corpses were like refuse
        in the middle of the streets.

Throughout all of this, his anger has not turned away,
    and his hands are[ae] still stretched out to attack.[af]

26 The Lord[ag] will signal[ah] for nations far away,
    whistling for them to come[ai]
        from the ends of the earth.
Look how quickly
    and how swiftly they come!
27 No one is weary, no one stumbles,[aj]
    and no one slumbers or sleeps.
No belt around their waists will come undone,
    nor will their sandal straps be broken.
28 Their arrows are sharp,
    all their bows ready for action.[ak]
Their horses’ hooves seem like flint,
    and their chariot wheels spin[al] like a whirlwind.
29 With a roar like a lion, they snarl,
    and like young lions, they growl;[am]
they seize their prey
    and then carry it off,
        with no one to rescue.
30 They will roar over it[an] at that time,[ao]
    like the sea waves roar.
If one surveys the land, watch out!
    There’s darkness and distress;
        even the daylight is darkened by its clouds.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 5:1 So 1QIsaa; MT reads Please, let me sing
  2. Isaiah 5:2 1QIsaa MT lack its land
  3. Isaiah 5:2 Or waited for
  4. Isaiah 5:2 1QIsaa MT lack good
  5. Isaiah 5:2 I.e. grapes unsuitable for wine making
  6. Isaiah 5:3 So 1QIsaa; MT reads inhabitant
  7. Isaiah 5:4 So 1QIsaa; MT reads for
  8. Isaiah 5:4 1QIsaa MT lack good
  9. Isaiah 5:4 So 1QIsaa; MT LXX read produce
  10. Isaiah 5:4 I.e. grapes unsuitable for wine making
  11. Isaiah 5:5 So 1QIsaa; MT reads will be for devouring; LXX reads will be for plundering
  12. Isaiah 5:7 So 1QIsaa; MT reads his delightful garden
  13. Isaiah 5:7 1QIsaa MT lack he searched
  14. Isaiah 5:8 So 1QIsaa; MT reads you are made to live alone
  15. Isaiah 5:10 I.e. about six gallons
  16. Isaiah 5:10 I.e. about ten bushels
  17. Isaiah 5:10 1QIsaa MT lack of seed
  18. Isaiah 5:10 I.e. about one tenth of what was sown
  19. Isaiah 5:11 So 1QIsaa; MT LXX may run after
  20. Isaiah 5:12 Lit. consider the work of his hands
  21. Isaiah 5:13 So 1QIsaa; MT reads their
  22. Isaiah 5:14 I.e. the realm of the dead
  23. Isaiah 5:18 1QIsaa MT lack as
  24. Isaiah 5:19 Lit. him
  25. Isaiah 5:19 So 1QIsaa; MT reads hurry
  26. Isaiah 5:24 So MT; 1QIsaa reads fire
  27. Isaiah 5:24 Or law
  28. Isaiah 5:25 So 1QIsaa MT; LXX reads And
  29. Isaiah 5:25 So 1QIsaa MT; 4QIsab LXX read Lord of the Heavenly Armies
  30. Isaiah 5:25 So 1QIsaa; MT LXX read hand
  31. Isaiah 5:25 So 1QIsaa; MT LXX read his hand is
  32. Isaiah 5:25 DSS MT lack to attack
  33. Isaiah 5:26 Lit. He
  34. Isaiah 5:26 Lit. will send up a signal
  35. Isaiah 5:26 1QIsaa MT lack to come
  36. Isaiah 5:27 So 1QIsaa; MT reads stumbles among them
  37. Isaiah 5:28 Lit. bows bent
  38. Isaiah 5:28 DSS MT lack spin
  39. Isaiah 5:29 So 1QIsaa; MT reads Their roaring is like a lion; like young lions they roar. They growl
  40. Isaiah 5:30 I.e. over conquered Judah
  41. Isaiah 5:30 Lit. it on that day