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5. POEMI SU ISRAELE E SU GIUDA

Contro Samaria

28 Guai alla corona superba degli ubriachi di Efraim,
al fiore caduco, suo splendido ornamento,
che domina la fertile valle, o storditi dal vino!
Ecco, inviato dal Signore, un uomo potente e forte,
come nembo di grandine, come turbine rovinoso,
come nembo di acque torrenziali e impetuose,
getta tutto a terra con violenza.
Dai piedi verrà calpestata
la corona degli ubriachi di Efraim.
E avverrà al fiore caduco del suo splendido ornamento,
che domina la valle fertile,
come a un fico primaticcio prima dell'estate:
uno lo vede, lo coglie e lo mangia appena lo ha in mano.
In quel giorno sarà il Signore degli eserciti
una corona di gloria, uno splendido diadema
per il resto del suo popolo,
ispiratore di giustizia per chi siede in tribunale,
forza per chi respinge l'assalto alla porta.

Contro i falsi profeti

Anche costoro barcollano per il vino,
vanno fuori strada per le bevande inebrianti.
Sacerdoti e profeti barcollano
per la bevanda inebriante,
affogano nel vino;
vanno fuori strada per le bevande inebrianti,
s'ingannano mentre hanno visioni,
dondolano quando fanno da giudici.
Tutte le tavole sono piene di fetido vomito;
non c'è un posto pulito.
«A chi vuole insegnare la scienza?
A chi vuole spiegare il discorso?
Ai bambini divezzati, appena staccati dal seno?
10 Sì: precetto su precetto, precetto su precetto,
norma su norma, norma su norma,
un pò qui, un pò là».
11 Con labbra balbettanti e in lingua straniera
parlerà a questo popolo
12 colui che aveva detto loro:
«Ecco il riposo! Fate riposare lo stanco.
Ecco il sollievo!». Ma non vollero udire.
13 E sarà per loro la parola del Signore:
«precetto su precetto, precetto su precetto,
norma su norma, norma su norma,
un pò qui, un pò là»,
perché camminando cadano all'indietro,
si producano fratture, siano presi e fatti prigionieri.

Contro i cattivi consiglieri

14 Perciò ascoltate la parola del Signore,
uomini arroganti,
signori di questo popolo
che sta in Gerusalemme:
15 «Voi dite: Abbiamo concluso
un'alleanza con la morte,
e con gli inferi
abbiamo fatto lega;
il flagello del distruttore, quando passerà,
non ci raggiungerà;
perché ci siamo fatti della menzogna un rifugio
e nella falsità ci siamo nascosti».
16 Dice il Signore Dio:
«Ecco io pongo una pietra in Sion,
una pietra scelta,
angolare, preziosa, saldamente fondata:
chi crede non vacillerà.
17 Io porrò il diritto come misura
e la giustizia come una livella.
La grandine spazzerà via il vostro rifugio fallace,
le acque travolgeranno il vostro riparo.
18 Sarà cancellata la vostra alleanza con la morte;
la vostra lega con gli inferi non reggerà.
Quando passerà il flagello del distruttore,
voi sarete la massa da lui calpestata.
19 Ogni volta che passerà,
vi prenderà,
poiché passerà ogni mattino,
giorno e notte.
E solo il terrore farà capire il discorso».
20 Troppo corto sarà il letto per distendervisi,
troppo stretta la coperta per avvolgervisi.
21 Poiché come sul monte Perasìm
si leverà il Signore;
come nella valle di Gàbaon si adirerà
per compiere l'opera, la sua opera singolare,
e per eseguire il lavoro, il suo lavoro inconsueto.
22 Ora cessate di agire con arroganza
perché non si stringano di più le vostre catene,
perché un decreto di rovina io ho udito,
da parte del Signore, Dio degli eserciti,
riguardo a tutta la terra.

Parabola

23 Porgete l'orecchio e ascoltate la mia voce,
fate attenzione e sentite le mie parole.
24 Ara forse tutti i giorni l'aratore,
rompe e sarchia la terra?
25 Forse non ne spiana la superficie,
non vi semina l'anèto e non vi sparge il cumino?
E non vi pone grano e orzo
e spelta lungo i confini?
26 E la sua perizia rispetto alla regola
gliela insegna il suo Dio.
27 Certo, l'anèto non si batte con il tribbio,
né si fa girare sul cumino il rullo,
ma con una bacchetta si batte l'anèto
e con la verga il cumino.
28 Il frumento vien forse schiacciato?
Certo, non lo si pesta senza fine,
ma vi si spinge sopra il rullo
e gli zoccoli delle bestie senza schiacciarlo.
29 Anche questo proviene
dal Signore degli eserciti:
egli si mostra mirabile nel consiglio,
grande nella sapienza.

Woe to the Leaders of Ephraim and Judah

28 Woe(A) to that wreath, the pride of Ephraim’s(B) drunkards,
    to the fading flower, his glorious beauty,
set on the head of a fertile valley(C)
    to that city, the pride of those laid low by wine!(D)
See, the Lord has one who is powerful(E) and strong.
    Like a hailstorm(F) and a destructive wind,(G)
like a driving rain and a flooding(H) downpour,
    he will throw it forcefully to the ground.
That wreath, the pride of Ephraim’s(I) drunkards,
    will be trampled(J) underfoot.
That fading flower, his glorious beauty,
    set on the head of a fertile valley,(K)
will be like figs(L) ripe before harvest—
    as soon as people see them and take them in hand,
    they swallow them.

In that day(M) the Lord Almighty
    will be a glorious(N) crown,(O)
a beautiful wreath
    for the remnant(P) of his people.
He will be a spirit of justice(Q)
    to the one who sits in judgment,(R)
a source of strength
    to those who turn back the battle(S) at the gate.

And these also stagger(T) from wine(U)
    and reel(V) from beer:
Priests(W) and prophets(X) stagger from beer
    and are befuddled with wine;
they reel from beer,
    they stagger when seeing visions,(Y)
    they stumble when rendering decisions.
All the tables are covered with vomit(Z)
    and there is not a spot without filth.

“Who is it he is trying to teach?(AA)
    To whom is he explaining his message?(AB)
To children weaned(AC) from their milk,(AD)
    to those just taken from the breast?
10 For it is:
    Do this, do that,
    a rule for this, a rule for that[a];
    a little here, a little there.(AE)

11 Very well then, with foreign lips and strange tongues(AF)
    God will speak to this people,(AG)
12 to whom he said,
    “This is the resting place, let the weary rest”;(AH)
and, “This is the place of repose”—
    but they would not listen.
13 So then, the word of the Lord to them will become:
    Do this, do that,
    a rule for this, a rule for that;
    a little here, a little there(AI)
so that as they go they will fall backward;
    they will be injured(AJ) and snared and captured.(AK)

14 Therefore hear the word of the Lord,(AL) you scoffers(AM)
    who rule this people in Jerusalem.
15 You boast, “We have entered into a covenant with death,(AN)
    with the realm of the dead we have made an agreement.
When an overwhelming scourge sweeps by,(AO)
    it cannot touch us,
for we have made a lie(AP) our refuge
    and falsehood[b] our hiding place.(AQ)

16 So this is what the Sovereign Lord says:

“See, I lay a stone in Zion,(AR) a tested stone,(AS)
    a precious cornerstone for a sure foundation;(AT)
the one who relies on it
    will never be stricken with panic.(AU)
17 I will make justice(AV) the measuring line
    and righteousness the plumb line;(AW)
hail(AX) will sweep away your refuge, the lie,
    and water will overflow(AY) your hiding place.
18 Your covenant with death will be annulled;
    your agreement with the realm of the dead will not stand.(AZ)
When the overwhelming scourge sweeps by,(BA)
    you will be beaten down(BB) by it.
19 As often as it comes it will carry you away;(BC)
    morning after morning,(BD) by day and by night,
    it will sweep through.”

The understanding of this message
    will bring sheer terror.(BE)
20 The bed is too short to stretch out on,
    the blanket too narrow to wrap around you.(BF)
21 The Lord will rise up as he did at Mount Perazim,(BG)
    he will rouse himself as in the Valley of Gibeon(BH)
to do his work,(BI) his strange work,
    and perform his task, his alien task.
22 Now stop your mocking,(BJ)
    or your chains will become heavier;
the Lord, the Lord Almighty, has told me
    of the destruction decreed(BK) against the whole land.(BL)

23 Listen(BM) and hear my voice;
    pay attention and hear what I say.
24 When a farmer plows for planting,(BN) does he plow continually?
    Does he keep on breaking up and working the soil?
25 When he has leveled the surface,
    does he not sow caraway and scatter cumin?(BO)
Does he not plant wheat in its place,[c]
    barley(BP) in its plot,[d]
    and spelt(BQ) in its field?
26 His God instructs him
    and teaches(BR) him the right way.

27 Caraway is not threshed(BS) with a sledge,(BT)
    nor is the wheel of a cart rolled over cumin;
caraway is beaten out with a rod,(BU)
    and cumin with a stick.
28 Grain must be ground to make bread;
    so one does not go on threshing it forever.
The wheels of a threshing cart(BV) may be rolled over it,
    but one does not use horses to grind grain.
29 All this also comes from the Lord Almighty,
    whose plan is wonderful,(BW)
    whose wisdom is magnificent.(BX)

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 28:10 Hebrew / sav lasav sav lasav / kav lakav kav lakav (probably meaningless sounds mimicking the prophet’s words); also in verse 13
  2. Isaiah 28:15 Or false gods
  3. Isaiah 28:25 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.
  4. Isaiah 28:25 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.

Judgment on Ephraim and Jerusalem

28 Ah, the proud crown of (A)the drunkards of Ephraim,
    and the fading flower of its glorious beauty,
    which is on the head of the rich valley of those overcome with wine!
Behold, the Lord has (B)one who is mighty and strong;
    like a storm of hail, a destroying tempest,
like (C)a storm of mighty, overflowing waters,
    he casts down to the earth with his hand.
(D)The proud crown of the drunkards of Ephraim
    will be trodden underfoot;
(E)and the fading flower of its glorious beauty,
    which is on the head of the rich valley,
will be like (F)a first-ripe fig[a] before the summer:
    when someone sees it, he swallows it
    as soon as it is in his hand.

(G)In that day the Lord of hosts will be a crown of glory,[b]
    and a diadem of beauty, to the remnant of his people,
and (H)a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment,
    and (I)strength to those who turn back the battle at the gate.

(J)These also reel with wine
    and (K)stagger with strong drink;
the priest and (L)the prophet reel with strong drink,
    they are swallowed by[c] wine,
    they stagger with strong drink,
they reel in vision,
    they stumble in giving judgment.
For all tables are full of filthy vomit,
    with no space left.

(M)“To whom will he teach knowledge,
    and to whom will he explain the message?
Those who are weaned from the milk,
    those taken from the breast?
10 For it is precept upon precept, precept upon precept,
    line upon line, line upon line,
    here a little, there a little.”

11 (N)For by people of strange lips
    and with a foreign tongue
the Lord will speak to this people,
12     to whom he has said,
(O)“This is rest;
    give rest to the weary;
and this is repose”;
    yet they would not hear.
13 And the word of the Lord will be to them
precept upon precept, precept upon precept,
    line upon line, line upon line,
    here a little, there a little,
(P)that they may go, and fall backward,
    and be broken, and snared, and taken.

A Cornerstone in Zion

14 Therefore hear the word of the Lord, you (Q)scoffers,
    who rule this people in Jerusalem!
15 Because you have said, “We have made a covenant with death,
    and with Sheol we have an agreement,
when the (R)overwhelming whip passes through
    it will not come to us,
for we have made (S)lies our refuge,
    and in falsehood we have taken shelter”;
16 therefore thus says the Lord God,
(T)“Behold, I am the one who has laid[d] as a foundation (U)in Zion,
    a stone, a tested stone,
a precious cornerstone, of a sure foundation:
    ‘Whoever believes will not be in haste.’
17 And I will make justice (V)the line,
    and righteousness (W)the plumb line;
and hail will sweep away the refuge of lies,
    and waters will overwhelm the shelter.”
18 Then (X)your covenant with death will be annulled,
    and your agreement with Sheol will not stand;
when the overwhelming scourge passes through,
    you will be beaten down by it.
19 As often as it passes through it will take you;
    (Y)for morning by morning it will pass through,
    by day and by night;
and it will be (Z)sheer terror to understand the message.
20 For the bed is too short to stretch oneself on,
    and the covering too narrow to wrap oneself in.
21 For the Lord will rise up (AA)as on Mount Perazim;
    (AB)as in the Valley of (AC)Gibeon he will be roused;
to do his deed—strange is his deed!
    and to work his work—alien is his work!
22 Now therefore do not (AD)scoff,
    lest your bonds be made strong;
for I have heard (AE)a decree of destruction
    from the Lord God of hosts against the whole land.

23 Give ear, and hear my voice;
    give attention, and hear my speech.
24 Does he who plows for sowing plow continually?
    Does he continually open and harrow his ground?
25 (AF)When he has leveled its surface,
    does he not scatter dill, sow cumin,
and put in wheat in rows
    and barley in its proper place,
    and emmer[e] as the border?
26 (AG)For he is rightly instructed;
    his God teaches him.

27 Dill is not threshed with a threshing sledge,
    nor is a cart wheel rolled over cumin,
but dill is beaten out with a stick,
    and cumin with a rod.
28 Does one crush grain for bread?
    No, he does not thresh it forever;[f]
when he drives his cart wheel over it
    with his horses, he does not crush it.
29 This also comes from the Lord of hosts;
    he is (AH)wonderful in counsel
    and excellent in wisdom.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 28:4 Or fruit
  2. Isaiah 28:5 The Hebrew words for glory and hosts sound alike
  3. Isaiah 28:7 Or confused by
  4. Isaiah 28:16 Dead Sea Scroll I am laying
  5. Isaiah 28:25 A type of wheat
  6. Isaiah 28:28 Or Grain is crushed for bread; he will surely thresh it, but not forever

Hiskia regerar i Juda

(28:1—39:8)

Profetia över Samaria

28 Ve över den stolta kronan av Efraims drinkare,
    den bleknande blomstringen av dess härliga prydnad
på bergskrönet ovanför de berusades grönskande dal!
    Se, Herren är mäktig och stark,
som en hagelskur, som en förödande stormvind,
    som skyfall, som översvämmande vatten.
    Med handen slår han den till marken,
med fötterna trampar han ner
    den stolta kronan av Efraims drinkare.
Den bleknande blomstringen av dess härliga prydnad
    på bergskrönet ovanför de berusades grönskande dal
ska det gå som ett tidigt mognat försommarfikon:
    vem det än är som ser det
    tar han det i sin hand och slukar i sig.

Den dagen ska härskarornas Herre bli en härlig krona,
    en ärekrans för dem som finns kvar av hans folk.
Han ger en rättens ande åt den som skipar rätt
    och styrka åt dem som driver bort fienden från porten.

Men nu raglar också dessa av vin
    och vinglar av öl.
Präster och profeter raglar av öl
    och är förvirrade av vin.
De raglar av öl,
    vinglande får de sina syner,
och vacklande skipar de rätt.
    Alla bord är täckta av spyor,
och det finns inte en enda ren fläck någonstans.

”Vem vill han lära förstånd?
    För vem vill han förklara budskapet?
För avvanda spädbarn
    som just tagits från bröstet?
10 Ljud på ljud, ljud på ljud,
    lite här, lite där!”[a]

11 Med en främmande mun
    och på ett okänt språk
ska Herren tala till detta folk,
12     han som sa till dem:
”Här är en viloplats,
    låt den trötte vila,
här finns ro.”
    Men de ville inte lyssna.
13 Herrens ord blir för dem
    ”ljud på ljud, ljud på ljud,
lite här, lite där.[b]
    Så ska de gå och falla baklänges,
göra sig illa,
    gå i fällan och bli fångade.”

14 Så lyssna nu till Herrens ord,
    alla ni hånfulla
som härskar över detta folk i Jerusalem.
15     Ni säger:
”Vi har slutit ett förbund med döden
    och gjort en överenskommelse med dödsriket.
Stormfloden som kommer kan inte nå oss,
    för vi har gjort lögnen till vår tillflykt
och falskheten till vårt gömställe.”

16 Därför säger Herren, Herren:

”Se! Jag lägger en grundsten i Sion,
    en beprövad sten,
en utvald hörnsten som är en säker grund.
    Den som tror behöver inte ängslas[c].
17 Jag ska göra rätten till mätsnöre
    och rättfärdigheten till sänklod.
Hagel ska sudda ut lögnens försvar
    och vatten skölja bort gömstället.
18 Ert förbund med döden ska upphävas,
    er överenskommelse med dödsriket kan inte bestå.
När stormfloden kommer
    ska den slå er till marken.
19 Gång på gång kommer den
    och för er med sig.
Morgon efter morgon drar den fram,
    ja, dag och natt.”

Fasa uppstår när man förstår budskapet.
20     Sängen blir för kort för att sträcka ut sig på,
och täcket för smalt att svepa in sig i.
21     Herren ska resa sig som på berget Perasim,
stå upp som i Givons dal,
    för att utföra sitt verk,
sitt underliga verk,
    sin märkliga gärning.
22 Sluta därför upp med era hånleenden,
    för att era kedjor inte ska stramas åt ännu mer.
För jag har hört om en förödelse
    som Herren, härskarornas Herre, har förutbestämt för hela jorden.

23 Hör på mig nu, lyssna noga,
    hör vad jag säger!
24 Inte är det väl så att en bonde
    bara bearbetar jorden
och ständigt bara plöjer och harvar?
25     Sår han inte när han fått marken jämn?
Han sår svartkummin och spiskummin,
    vete och hirs i rader och korn på sin plats,
och emmer på sin.[d]
26     Hans Gud lär honom det rätta sättet
och instruerar honom.

27 Man tröskar ju inte svartkummin med släde
    eller spiskummin med tröskhjul.
Man klappar ut svartkummin med en käpp
    och spiskummin med en stav.
28 Brödsäden mals och tröskas inte i det oändliga,
    man driver inte ständigt vagnshjulen och hästarna över den.
29 Också detta kommer från härskarornas Herre,
    underbar i råd och stor i vishet.

Footnotes

  1. 28:10 Citatet (inkl. v. 9) är ett hån som riktas mot Jesaja, och ord-/stavelsekonstruktionen i v. 10 låter sig inte översättas; även dess innebörd är oviss. Det låter ungefär som tsaw la tsaw, tsaw la tsaw, kaw la kaw, kaw la kaw…, motsvarande en sorts ”abrakadabra”.
  2. 28:13 Se not till v. 10.
  3. 28:16 Mer ordagrant skynda sig/förhasta; grundtextens innebörd är något osäker.
  4. 28:25 Översättningen av flera av detaljerna (sädesslag, redskap, arbetssätt) i v. 25-28 är osäker.