Isaiah 64:6
New English Translation
6 We are all like one who is unclean,
all our so-called righteous acts are like a menstrual rag in your sight.[a]
We all wither like a leaf;
our sins carry us away like the wind.
Footnotes
- Isaiah 64:6 tn Heb “and like a garment of menstruation [are] all our righteous acts”; KJV, NIV “filthy rags”; ASV “a polluted garment.”
Psalm 106:39
New English Translation
39 They were defiled by their deeds,
and unfaithful in their actions.[a]
Footnotes
- Psalm 106:39 tn Heb “and they committed adultery in their actions.” This means that they were unfaithful to the Lord (see Ps 73:27).
Isaiah 6:5
New English Translation
5 I said, “Woe to me! I am destroyed,[a] for my lips are contaminated by sin,[b] and I live among people whose lips are contaminated by sin.[c] My eyes have seen the king, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”[d]
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- Isaiah 6:5 tn Isaiah uses the suffixed (perfect) form of the verb for rhetorical purposes. In this way his destruction is described as occurring or as already completed. Rather than understanding the verb as derived from דָּמַה (damah, “be destroyed”), some take it from a proposed homonymic root דמה, which would mean “be silent.” In this case, one might translate, “I must be silent.”
- Isaiah 6:5 tn Heb “a man unclean of lips am I.” Isaiah is not qualified to praise the king. His lips (the instruments of praise) are “unclean” because he has been contaminated by sin.
- Isaiah 6:5 tn Heb “and among a nation unclean of lips I live.”
- Isaiah 6:5 tn Perhaps in this context, the title has a less militaristic connotation and pictures the Lord as the ruler of the heavenly assembly. See the note at 1:9.
Jeremiah 2:22
New English Translation
22 You can try to wash away your guilt with a strong detergent.
You can use as much soap as you want.
But the stain of your guilt is still there for me to see,”[a]
says the Sovereign Lord.[b]
Footnotes
- Jeremiah 2:22 tn Heb “Even if you wash with natron/lye, and use much soap, your sin is a stain before me.”
- Jeremiah 2:22 tn Heb “Lord Yahweh.” For an explanation of this title see the study notes on 1:6.
Lamentations 1:8
New English Translation
ח (Khet)
8 Jerusalem committed terrible sin;[a]
therefore she became an object of scorn.[b]
All who admired[c] her have despised her[d]
because they have seen her nakedness.[e]
She groans aloud[f]
and turns away in shame.[g]
Footnotes
- Lamentations 1:8 tc The MT reads חֵטְא (khetʾ, “sin”), but the BHS editors suggest the vocalization חָטֹא (khatoʾ, “sin”), Qal infinitive absolute.
- Lamentations 1:8 tn Heb “she has become an object of head-nodding” (לְנִידָה הָיָתָה, leniydah hayatah). This reflects the ancient Near Eastern custom of shaking the head in scorn (e.g., Jer 18:16; Ps 44:15 [14 HT]), hence the translation “object of scorn.” There is debate whether נִידָה (nidah) means (1) “object of head-shaking” from נוּד (nud, “to shake,” BDB 626-27 s.v. נוּד); (2) “unclean thing” from נָדַה (nadah, “to be impure”); or (3) “wanderer” from נָדַד (nadad, “to wander,” BDB 622 s.v. I נָדַד). The LXX and Rashi connected it to נָדַד (nadad, “to wander”); however, several important early Greek recensions (Aquila and Symmachus) and Syriac translated it as “unclean thing.” The modern English versions are split: (1) “unclean thing” (NASB); “unclean” (NIV); (2) “a mockery” (NRSV).
- Lamentations 1:8 sn The Piel participle of כָּבֵד (kaved) is infrequent and usually translated formulaically as those who honor someone. The feminine nuance may be best represented as “her admirers have despised her.”
- Lamentations 1:8 tn The verb הִזִּילוּהָ (hizziluha) is generally understood as a rare form of Hiphil perfect third person common plural + third person feminine singular suffix from I זָלַל (zalal, “to despise”): “they despise her.” This follows the I nun (ן) pattern with daghesh (dot) in zayin (ז) rather than the expected geminate pattern הִזִילּוּהָ (hizilluha) with daghesh in lamed (ל) (GKC 178-79 §67.l).
- Lamentations 1:8 sn The expression have seen her nakedness is a common metaphor to describe the plunder and looting of a city by a conquering army, probably drawn on the ignominious and heinous custom of raping the women of a conquered city as well.
- Lamentations 1:8 tn Heb “groan” or “sigh.” The verb אָנַח (ʾanakh, appearing only in Niphal) means “sigh” (BDB 58 s.v. 1) or “groan” (HALOT 70-71 s.v.) as an expression of grief (Prov 29:2; Isa 24:7; Lam 1:4, 8; Ezek 9:4; 21:11). The word גַּם (gam) is usually a particle meaning “also,” but has been shown from Ugaritic to have the meaning “aloud.” See T. McDaniel, “Philological Studies in Lamentations, I-II,” Bib 49 (1968): 31-32.
- Lamentations 1:8 tn Heb “and turns backward.”
Matthew 15:18-20
New English Translation
18 But the things that come out of the mouth come from the heart, and these things defile a person. 19 For out of the heart come evil ideas, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander. 20 These are the things that defile a person; it is not eating with unwashed hands that defiles a person.”[a]
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- Matthew 15:20 tn Grk “but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile a person.”
Mark 7:20-23
New English Translation
20 He said, “What comes out of a person defiles him. 21 For from within, out of the human heart, come evil ideas, sexual immorality, theft, murder, 22 adultery, greed, evil, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, pride, and folly. 23 All these evils come from within and defile a person.”
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