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Wake up, wake up, O Lord! Clothe yourself with strength!
    Flex your mighty right arm!
Rouse yourself as in the days of old
    when you slew Egypt, the dragon of the Nile.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 51:9 Hebrew You slew Rahab; you pierced the dragon. Rahab is the name of a mythical sea monster that represents chaos in ancient literature. The name is used here as a poetic name for Egypt.

Awake, awake,(A) arm(B) of the Lord,
    clothe yourself with strength!(C)
Awake, as in days gone by,
    as in generations of old.(D)
Was it not you who cut Rahab(E) to pieces,
    who pierced that monster(F) through?

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13 You split the sea by your strength
    and smashed the heads of the sea monsters.
14 You crushed the heads of Leviathan[a]
    and let the desert animals eat him.

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Footnotes

  1. 74:14 The identification of Leviathan is disputed, ranging from an earthly creature to a mythical sea monster in ancient literature.

13 It was you who split open the sea(A) by your power;
    you broke the heads of the monster(B) in the waters.
14 It was you who crushed the heads of Leviathan(C)
    and gave it as food to the creatures of the desert.(D)

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Deliverance for Jerusalem

52 Wake up, wake up, O Zion!
    Clothe yourself with strength.
Put on your beautiful clothes, O holy city of Jerusalem,
    for unclean and godless people will enter your gates no longer.

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52 Awake, awake,(A) Zion,
    clothe yourself with strength!(B)
Put on your garments of splendor,(C)
    Jerusalem, the holy city.(D)
The uncircumcised(E) and defiled(F)
    will not enter you again.(G)

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27 In that day the Lord will take his terrible, swift sword and punish Leviathan,[a] the swiftly moving serpent, the coiling, writhing serpent. He will kill the dragon of the sea.

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Footnotes

  1. 27:1 The identification of Leviathan is disputed, ranging from an earthly creature to a mythical sea monster in ancient literature.

Deliverance of Israel

27 In that day,(A)

the Lord will punish with his sword(B)
    his fierce, great and powerful sword—
Leviathan(C) the gliding serpent,(D)
    Leviathan the coiling serpent;
he will slay the monster(E) of the sea.

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17 Wake up, wake up, O Jerusalem!
    You have drunk the cup of the Lord’s fury.
You have drunk the cup of terror,
    tipping out its last drops.

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The Cup of the Lord’s Wrath

17 Awake, awake!(A)
    Rise up, Jerusalem,
you who have drunk from the hand of the Lord
    the cup(B) of his wrath,(C)
you who have drained to its dregs(D)
    the goblet that makes people stagger.(E)

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    Egypt’s promises are worthless!
Therefore, I call her Rahab—
    the Harmless Dragon.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 30:7 Hebrew Rahab who sits still. Rahab is the name of a mythical sea monster that represents chaos in ancient literature. The name is used here as a poetic name for Egypt.

    to Egypt, whose help is utterly useless.(A)
Therefore I call her
    Rahab(B) the Do-Nothing.

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10 You crushed the great sea monster.[a]
    You scattered your enemies with your mighty arm.

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Footnotes

  1. 89:10 Hebrew Rahab, the name of a mythical sea monster that represents chaos in ancient literature.

10 You crushed Rahab(A) like one of the slain;
    with your strong arm you scattered(B) your enemies.

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Arise, O Lord, in anger!
    Stand up against the fury of my enemies!
    Wake up, my God, and bring justice!

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Arise,(A) Lord, in your anger;
    rise up against the rage of my enemies.(B)
    Awake,(C) my God; decree justice.

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Give them this message from the Sovereign Lord:

“I am your enemy, O Pharaoh, king of Egypt—
    you great monster, lurking in the streams of the Nile.
For you have said, ‘The Nile River is mine;
    I made it for myself.’

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Speak to him and say: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says:

“‘I am against you, Pharaoh(A) king of Egypt,
    you great monster(B) lying among your streams.
You say, “The Nile(C) belongs to me;
    I made it for myself.”

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The Lord has sworn to Jerusalem by his own strength:
    “I will never again hand you over to your enemies.
Never again will foreign warriors come
    and take away your grain and new wine.

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The Lord has sworn(A) by his right hand
    and by his mighty arm:
“Never again will I give your grain(B)
    as food for your enemies,
and never again will foreigners drink the new wine
    for which you have toiled;

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Psalm 44

For the choir director: A psalm[a] of the descendants of Korah.

O God, we have heard it with our own ears—
    our ancestors have told us
of all you did in their day,
    in days long ago:

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Footnotes

  1. 44:Title Hebrew maskil. This may be a literary or musical term.

Psalm 44[a]

For the director of music. Of the Sons of Korah. A maskil.[b]

We have heard it with our ears,(A) O God;
    our ancestors have told us(B)
what you did in their days,
    in days long ago.(C)

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Footnotes

  1. Psalm 44:1 In Hebrew texts 44:1-26 is numbered 44:2-27.
  2. Psalm 44:1 Title: Probably a literary or musical term

12 By his power the sea grew calm.
    By his skill he crushed the great sea monster.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 26:12 Hebrew Rahab, the name of a mythical sea monster that represents chaos in ancient literature.

12 By his power he churned up the sea;(A)
    by his wisdom(B) he cut Rahab(C) to pieces.

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51 His mighty arm has done tremendous things!
    He has scattered the proud and haughty ones.

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51 He has performed mighty deeds with his arm;(A)
    he has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts.(B)

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