Hosea 12:12-14
New Living Translation
12 Jacob fled to the land of Aram,
and there he[a] earned a wife by tending sheep.
13 Then by a prophet
the Lord brought Jacob’s descendants[b] out of Egypt;
and by that prophet
they were protected.
14 But the people of Israel
have bitterly provoked the Lord,
so their Lord will now sentence them to death
in payment for their sins.
Hosea 12:12-14
New English Translation
Jacob in Aram, Israel in Egypt, and Ephraim in Trouble
12 Jacob fled to the country of Aram,
then Israel worked[a] to acquire a wife;
he tended sheep to pay for her.
13 The Lord brought Israel out of Egypt by a prophet,
and due to a prophet[b] Israel[c] was preserved alive.[d]
14 But Ephraim bitterly[e] provoked him to anger;
so he will hold him accountable for the blood he has shed,[f]
his Lord[g] will repay him for the contempt he has shown.[h]
Footnotes
- Hosea 12:12 tn Heb “served” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV); cf. NLT “earned a wife.”
- Hosea 12:13 tn Heb “by a prophet” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
- Hosea 12:13 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Hosea 12:13 tn Heb “was protected”; cf. NASB “was kept.” The verb שָׁמַר (shamar, “to watch, guard, keep, protect”) is repeated in 12:13-14 HT (12:12-13 ET). This repetition creates parallels between Jacob’s sojourn in Aram and Israel’s sojourn in the wilderness. Jacob “tended = kept” (שָׁמַר) sheep in Aram, and Israel was “preserved = kept” (נִשְׁמָר, nishmar) by Moses in the wilderness.
- Hosea 12:14 tn The noun תַּמְרוּרִים (tamrurim, “bitter things”) functions as an adverbial accusative of manner, modifying the finite verb: “He bitterly provoked Him to anger” (GKC 375 §118.q). The plural form of the noun functions as a plural of intensity: “very bitterly.” For the adverbial function of the accusative, see IBHS 172-73 §10.2.2e.
- Hosea 12:14 tn Heb “He will leave his blood upon him”; cf. NIV “will leave upon him the guilt of his bloodshed.”
- Hosea 12:14 tn The Hebrew term translated “Lord” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
- Hosea 12:14 tn Heb “for his contempt” (so NIV); cf. NRSV “for his insults,” NAB “for his outrage.”
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