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Chapter 12

Infidelity of Israel[a]

Ephraim has surrounded me with lies,
    the house of Israel, with deceit;
Judah still wanders about with gods,
    and is faithful to holy ones.[b]
[c]Ephraim shepherds the wind,
    and pursues the east wind all day long.
He multiplies lies and violence:
    They make a covenant with Assyria,
    and oil is carried to Egypt.

The Lord has a dispute with Judah,
    and will punish Jacob[d] for his conduct,
    and repay him for his deeds.
In the womb he supplanted his brother,(A)
    and in his vigor he contended with a divine being;
He contended with an angel and prevailed,(B)
    he wept and entreated him.
At Bethel he met with him,
    and there he spoke with him.(C)
The Lord is the God of hosts,
    the Lord is his name!(D)
You must return to your God.
    Maintain loyalty and justice
    and always hope in your God.

A merchant who holds a false balance,
    he loves to extort!
Ephraim has said,
    “How rich I have become;
    I have made a fortune!”(E)
All his gain will not suffice
    for the guilt of his sin.
10 I the Lord have been your God,
    since the land of Egypt;(F)
I will again have you live in tents,
    as on feast days.
11 I spoke to the prophets,
    I granted many visions,(G)
    and through the prophets I told parables.
12 In Gilead is falsehood, they have come to nothing;
    in Gilgal they sacrifice bulls,
But their altars are like heaps of stones(H)
    in the furrows of the field.

13 Jacob fled to the land of Aram,
    and Israel served for a wife;
    for a wife he tended sheep.(I)
14 But by a prophet[e] the Lord brought Israel out of Egypt,
    and by a prophet Israel was tended.(J)
15 Ephraim has aroused bitter anger,
    so his Lord shall cast his bloodguilt upon him
    and repay him for his scorn.

Footnotes

  1. 12:1–15 This chapter draws a parallel between the history of Israel and events in the life of Jacob-Israel, the ancestor.
  2. 12:1 An attack on the idolatry of both kingdoms, Israel and Judah. Holy ones: subordinate gods, members of the divine council.
  3. 12:2 Hosea frequently condemns the alliances with Assyria and Egypt, the two world powers (7:8–16).
  4. 12:3 Jacob: whose name was changed to Israel (Gn 35:10).
  5. 12:14 A prophet: Moses.

斥责以法莲与犹大

12 以法莲吃风,且追赶东风,时常增添虚谎和强暴,与亚述立约,把油送到埃及 耶和华与犹大争辩,必照雅各所行的惩罚他,按他所做的报应他。 他在腹中抓住哥哥的脚跟,壮年的时候与神较力。 与天使较力,并且得胜,哭泣恳求。在伯特利遇见耶和华, 耶和华万军之神在那里晓谕我们以色列人,耶和华是他可记念的名。

劝其归诚神

“所以你当归向你的神,谨守仁爱、公平,常常等候你的神。

以法莲行恶大干主怒

以法莲是商人,手里有诡诈的天平,爱行欺骗。 以法莲说:‘我果然成了富足,得了财宝。我所劳碌得来的,人必不见有什么不义,可算为罪的。’ 自从你出埃及地以来,我就是耶和华你的神,我必使你再住帐篷,如在大会的日子一样。 10 我已晓谕众先知,并且加增默示,借先知设立比喻。” 11 基列人没有罪孽吗?他们全然是虚假的!人在吉甲献牛犊为祭,他们的祭坛好像田间犁沟中的乱堆。 12 从前雅各逃到亚兰地,以色列为得妻服侍人,为得妻与人放羊。 13 耶和华借先知领以色列埃及上来,以色列也借先知而得保存。 14 以法莲大大惹动主怒,所以他流血的罪必归在他身上,主必将那因以法莲所受的羞辱归还他。

12 E′phraim herds the wind,
and pursues the east wind all day long;
they multiply falsehood and violence;
    they make a bargain with Assyria,
    and oil is carried to Egypt.

The Long History of Rebellion

The Lord has an indictment against Judah,
    and will punish Jacob according to his ways,
    and requite him according to his deeds.
In the womb he took his brother by the heel,
    and in his manhood he strove with God.
He strove with the angel and prevailed,
    he wept and sought his favor.
He met God at Bethel,
    and there God spoke with him[a]
the Lord the God of hosts,
    the Lord is his name:
“So you, by the help of your God, return,
    hold fast to love and justice,
    and wait continually for your God.”

A trader, in whose hands are false balances,
    he loves to oppress.
E′phraim has said, “Ah, but I am rich,
    I have gained wealth for myself”;
but all his riches can never offset[b]
    the guilt he has incurred.
I am the Lord your God
    from the land of Egypt;
I will again make you dwell in tents,
    as in the days of the appointed feast.

10 I spoke to the prophets;
    it was I who multiplied visions,
    and through the prophets gave parables.
11 If there is iniquity in Gilead
    they shall surely come to nought;
if in Gilgal they sacrifice bulls,
    their altars also shall be like stone heaps
    on the furrows of the field.
12 (Jacob fled to the land of Aram,
    there Israel did service for a wife,
    and for a wife he herded sheep.)
13 By a prophet the Lord brought Israel up from Egypt,
    and by a prophet he was preserved.
14 E′phraim has given bitter provocation;
    so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him,
    and will turn back upon him his reproaches.

Footnotes

  1. Hosea 12:4 Gk Syr: Heb us
  2. Hosea 12:8 Cn Compare Gk: Heb obscure

12 [a]Ephraim(A) feeds on the wind;(B)
    he pursues the east wind all day
    and multiplies lies and violence.(C)
He makes a treaty with Assyria(D)
    and sends olive oil to Egypt.(E)
The Lord has a charge(F) to bring against Judah;(G)
    he will punish(H) Jacob[b] according to his ways
    and repay him according to his deeds.(I)
In the womb he grasped his brother’s heel;(J)
    as a man he struggled(K) with God.
He struggled with the angel and overcame him;
    he wept and begged for his favor.
He found him at Bethel(L)
    and talked with him there—
the Lord God Almighty,
    the Lord is his name!(M)
But you must return(N) to your God;
    maintain love and justice,(O)
    and wait for your God always.(P)

The merchant uses dishonest scales(Q)
    and loves to defraud.
Ephraim boasts,(R)
    “I am very rich; I have become wealthy.(S)
With all my wealth they will not find in me
    any iniquity or sin.”

“I have been the Lord your God
    ever since you came out of Egypt;(T)
I will make you live in tents(U) again,
    as in the days of your appointed festivals.
10 I spoke to the prophets,
    gave them many visions
    and told parables(V) through them.”(W)

11 Is Gilead wicked?(X)
    Its people are worthless!
Do they sacrifice bulls in Gilgal?(Y)
    Their altars will be like piles of stones
    on a plowed field.(Z)
12 Jacob fled to the country of Aram[c];(AA)
    Israel served to get a wife,
    and to pay for her he tended sheep.(AB)
13 The Lord used a prophet to bring Israel up from Egypt,(AC)
    by a prophet he cared for him.(AD)
14 But Ephraim has aroused his bitter anger;
    his Lord will leave on him the guilt of his bloodshed(AE)
    and will repay him for his contempt.(AF)

Footnotes

  1. Hosea 12:1 In Hebrew texts 12:1-14 is numbered 12:2-15.
  2. Hosea 12:2 Jacob means he grasps the heel, a Hebrew idiom for he takes advantage of or he deceives.
  3. Hosea 12:12 That is, Northwest Mesopotamia