Retribution for Israel’s Sin

10 Israel is a luxuriant (A)vine;
He produces fruit for himself.
The more his fruit,
The more altars he (B)made;
The [a]richer his land,
The better [b]he made the (C)memorial stones.
Their heart is [c](D)deceitful;
Now they must suffer for their (E)guilt.
[d]The Lord will (F)break down their altars
And destroy their memorial stones.

Certainly now they will say, “We have (G)no king,
For we do not revere the Lord.
As for the king, what can he do for us?”
They speak mere words,
[e]With (H)worthless oaths they make covenants;
And (I)judgment sprouts like poisonous weeds in the furrows of the field.
The inhabitants of Samaria will fear
For the [f](J)calf of (K)Beth-aven.
Indeed, its people will mourn for it,
And its (L)idolatrous priests [g]will cry out over it,
Over its (M)glory, since it has left it.
The thing itself will be brought to (N)Assyria
As a gift of tribute to [h](O)King Jareb;
Ephraim will [i]be (P)seized with shame,
And Israel will be ashamed of its (Q)own plan.
Samaria will be (R)destroyed with her king,
Like a twig on the surface of the water.
Also the (S)high places of Aven, the (T)sin of Israel, will be destroyed;
(U)Thorns and thistles will grow on their altars;
Then they will (V)say to the mountains,
“Cover us!” And to the hills, “Fall on us!”
Since the days of Gibeah you have sinned, Israel;
There they stand!
Will the battle against the sons of injustice not overtake them in Gibeah?
10 When it is My (W)desire, I will [j](X)discipline them;
And (Y)the peoples will be gathered against them
When they are bound for their double guilt.

11 Ephraim is a trained (Z)heifer that loves to thresh,
[k]And I (AA)passed over her lovely neck;
I will harness Ephraim,
Judah will plow, Jacob will [l]harrow for himself.
12 (AB)Sow for yourselves, with a view to righteousness;
Harvest in accordance with [m]kindness.
(AC)Break up your uncultivated ground,
For it is time to (AD)seek the Lord
Until He (AE)comes and (AF)rains righteousness on you.
13 You have (AG)plowed wickedness, you have harvested injustice,
You have eaten the fruit of (AH)lies.
Because you have trusted in your way, in your (AI)many warriors,
14 An uproar will arise among your people,
And all your (AJ)fortresses will be destroyed,
As Shalman destroyed Beth-arbel on the day of battle,
When (AK)mothers were [n]slaughtered with their children.
15 So it will be done to you at Bethel because of your great wickedness.
At dawn the king of Israel will be completely destroyed.

God Yearns over His People

11 When Israel was a youth I loved him,
And (AL)out of Egypt I (AM)called My son.
The more [o](AN)they called them,
The more they went away from [p]them;
They kept (AO)sacrificing to the Baals
And (AP)burning incense to idols.
Yet it is I who taught Ephraim to walk,
[q]I (AQ)took them in My arms;
But they did not know that I (AR)healed them.
I (AS)pulled them along with cords of a man, with ropes of love,
And (AT)I became to them as one who lifts the yoke from their jaws;
And I bent down and (AU)fed them.

[r]They will not return to the land of Egypt;
But Assyria—he will be [s]their king
Because they (AV)refused to return to Me.
And the (AW)sword will whirl against [t]their cities,
And will destroy [u]their oracle priests
And (AX)consume them, because of their (AY)counsels.
So My people are determined to (AZ)turn from Me.
Though [v]they call [w]them to the One on high,
None at all exalts Him.

(BA)How can I give you up, Ephraim?
How can I surrender you, Israel?
How can I [x]make you like (BB)Admah?
How can I treat you like (BC)Zeboiim?
My heart is turned over within Me,
[y]All My compassions are kindled.
I will (BD)not carry out My fierce anger;
I will not destroy Ephraim (BE)again.
For (BF)I am God and not a man, the (BG)Holy One in your midst,
And I will not come in [z]wrath.
10 They will (BH)walk after the Lord,
He will (BI)roar like a lion;
Indeed He will roar,
And His sons will come (BJ)trembling from the west.
11 They will come trembling like birds from (BK)Egypt,
And like (BL)doves from the land of (BM)Assyria;
And I will (BN)settle them in their houses, declares the Lord.

12 [aa]Ephraim surrounds Me with (BO)lies
And the house of Israel with deceit;
[ab]Judah is still unruly against God,
Even against the Holy One who is faithful.

Ephraim Reminded

12 [ac]Ephraim feeds on (BP)wind,
And pursues the (BQ)east wind continually;
He multiplies lies and violence.
Moreover, [ad]he makes a covenant with Assyria,
And oil is brought to Egypt.
The Lord also has a (BR)case against Judah,
And will punish Jacob (BS)according to his ways;
He will repay him according to his deeds.
In the womb he (BT)took his brother by the heel,
And in his mature strength he (BU)contended with God.
Yes, he wrestled with the angel and prevailed;
He wept and (BV)implored His favor.
He found Him at (BW)Bethel,
And there He spoke with us,
And the Lord, the God of armies,
The Lord is His [ae](BX)name.
So as for you, (BY)return to your God,
(BZ)Maintain [af]kindness and justice,
And (CA)wait for your God continually.
A [ag]merchant, in whose hands are fraudulent (CB)balances,
Loves to exploit.
And Ephraim said, “I have certainly become (CC)rich,
I have found wealth for myself;
In all my labors they will find in me
(CD)No wrongdoing, which would be sin.”
But I have been the Lord your God since the land of Egypt;
I will make you (CE)live in tents again,
As in the days of the appointed festival.
10 I have also spoken to the (CF)prophets,
And I [ah]provided many visions,
And through the prophets I spoke in (CG)parables.
11 Is there injustice in Gilead?
Certainly they are worthless.
In Gilgal they sacrifice bulls,
Yes, (CH)their altars are like stone heaps
Beside the furrows of a field.

12 Now (CI)Jacob fled to the [ai]land of Aram,
And (CJ)Israel worked for a wife,
And for a wife he kept sheep.
13 But by a (CK)prophet the Lord brought Israel up from Egypt,
And by a prophet he was protected.
14 (CL)Ephraim has provoked God to bitter anger;
So his Lord will leave his (CM)guilt for bloodshed on him
And bring his (CN)disgrace back to him.

Ephraim’s Idolatry

13 (CO)When Ephraim [aj]spoke, there was trembling.
He (CP)exalted himself in Israel,
But through (CQ)Baal he incurred guilt and died.
And now they sin more and more,
And make for themselves (CR)cast metal images,
Idols [ak](CS)skillfully made from their silver,
All of them the (CT)work of craftsmen.
They say of them, “Let the [al]people who sacrifice kiss the (CU)calves!”
Therefore they will be like the (CV)morning cloud
And like dew which [am]soon disappears,
Like (CW)chaff which is blown away from the threshing floor,
And like (CX)smoke from a chimney.

Yet I have been the (CY)Lord your God
Since the land of Egypt;
And you were not to know (CZ)any god except Me,
For there is no savior (DA)besides Me.
I [an](DB)cared for you in the wilderness,
(DC)In the land of drought.
As they had their pasture, they became (DD)satisfied,
And as they became satisfied, their (DE)heart became proud;
Therefore they (DF)forgot Me.
So I will be (DG)like a lion to them;
Like a (DH)leopard I will [ao]lie in wait by the wayside.
I will confront them (DI)like a bear deprived of her cubs,
And I will tear open [ap]their chests;
I will also (DJ)devour them there like a lioness,
As a wild animal would tear them to pieces.

[aq]It is to your own destruction, Israel,
That you are (DK)against Me, against your (DL)help.
10 Where then is your (DM)king,
That he might save you in all your cities;
And your (DN)judges, to whom you said,
“Give me a king and princes”?
11 I (DO)gave you a king in My anger,
And (DP)took him away in My wrath.

12 The guilt of Ephraim is wrapped up;
His sin is (DQ)stored up.
13 The pains of (DR)childbirth come on him;
He is (DS)not a wise son,
For [ar]it is not the time that he should (DT)delay at the opening of the womb.
14 Shall I (DU)ransom them from the [as]power of Sheol?
Shall I redeem them from death?
(DV)Death, where are your [at]thorns?
Sheol, where is your sting?
(DW)Compassion will be hidden from My sight.

15 Though he (DX)flourishes among the [au]reeds,
An (DY)east wind will come,
The wind of the Lord coming up from the wilderness;
And his fountain will (DZ)become dry
And his spring will dry up;
It will (EA)plunder his treasury of every precious article.
16 [av]Samaria will pay the penalty for her (EB)guilt,
Because she has (EC)rebelled against her God.
(ED)They will fall by the (EE)sword,
Their children will be [aw](EF)slaughtered,
And their pregnant (EG)women will be ripped open.

Israel’s Future Blessing

14 [ax](EH)Return, Israel, to the Lord your God,
For you have stumbled [ay]because of your (EI)wrongdoing.
Take words with you and return to the Lord.
Say to Him, “(EJ)Take away all guilt
And [az]receive us graciously,
So that we may (EK)present [ba]the fruit of our lips.
Assyria will not save us,
We will (EL)not ride on horses;
Nor will we say again, ‘(EM)Our god’
To the (EN)work of our hands;
For in (EO)You the [bb]orphan finds mercy.”

I will (EP)heal their apostasy,
I will (EQ)love them freely,
Because My anger has (ER)turned away from them.
I will be like the (ES)dew to Israel;
He will blossom like the (ET)lily,
And he will [bc]take root like the cedars of (EU)Lebanon.
His shoots will [bd]sprout,
His [be]majesty will be like the (EV)olive tree,
And his fragrance like the cedars of (EW)Lebanon.
Those who (EX)live in his shadow
Will [bf]again raise (EY)grain,
And they will blossom like the vine.
His fame will be like the wine of Lebanon.

Ephraim, what more have I to do with (EZ)idols?
It is I who answer and look after [bg]you.
I am like a luxuriant (FA)juniper;
From (FB)Me [bh]comes your fruit.

(FC)Whoever is wise, let him understand these things;
Whoever is discerning, let him know them.
For the (FD)ways of the Lord are right,
And the (FE)righteous will walk in them,
But (FF)wrongdoers will stumble in them.

Footnotes

  1. Hosea 10:1 Lit better
  2. Hosea 10:1 Lit they
  3. Hosea 10:2 Lit slippery; or divided
  4. Hosea 10:2 Lit He
  5. Hosea 10:4 Or Swearing falsely in making a covenant
  6. Hosea 10:5 As in some ancient versions; MT calves
  7. Hosea 10:5 Or who used to rejoice over
  8. Hosea 10:6 Another reading is the great king; or the contentious king
  9. Hosea 10:6 Lit receive shame
  10. Hosea 10:10 Or instruct
  11. Hosea 10:11 Or But I put a yoke on her lovely
  12. Hosea 10:11 I.e., pull a harrow, a farming device
  13. Hosea 10:12 Or loyalty
  14. Hosea 10:14 Lit shattered
  15. Hosea 11:2 I.e., God’s prophets
  16. Hosea 11:2 I.e., God’s prophets
  17. Hosea 11:3 As in ancient versions; MT He...His
  18. Hosea 11:5 Lit He
  19. Hosea 11:5 Lit his
  20. Hosea 11:6 Lit his
  21. Hosea 11:6 Lit his
  22. Hosea 11:7 I.e., God’s prophets
  23. Hosea 11:7 Lit him; i.e., Israel
  24. Hosea 11:8 Lit give
  25. Hosea 11:8 Lit Together
  26. Hosea 11:9 Lit agitation
  27. Hosea 11:12 Ch 12:1 in Heb
  28. Hosea 11:12 Or But Judah still goes about with God, even with
  29. Hosea 12:1 Ch 12:2 in Heb
  30. Hosea 12:1 Lit they make
  31. Hosea 12:5 Lit invocation
  32. Hosea 12:6 Or loyalty
  33. Hosea 12:7 Or Canaanite
  34. Hosea 12:10 Lit multiplied the vision
  35. Hosea 12:12 Lit field
  36. Hosea 13:1 Or spoke with trembling, he exalted
  37. Hosea 13:2 Or according to their skill
  38. Hosea 13:2 Lit sacrificers of; or among mankind
  39. Hosea 13:3 Lit goes away early
  40. Hosea 13:5 Or knew
  41. Hosea 13:7 Or watch
  42. Hosea 13:8 Lit the enclosure of their heart
  43. Hosea 13:9 Lit It has destroyed you
  44. Hosea 13:13 Lit it is the time that he should not remain at the opening of children
  45. Hosea 13:14 Lit hand
  46. Hosea 13:14 Or stings
  47. Hosea 13:15 Another reading is brothers
  48. Hosea 13:16 Ch 14:1 in Heb
  49. Hosea 13:16 Lit shattered
  50. Hosea 14:1 Ch 14:2 in Heb
  51. Hosea 14:1 Or in
  52. Hosea 14:2 Or accept that which is good
  53. Hosea 14:2 As in ancient versions; MT our lips as bulls
  54. Hosea 14:3 Or fatherless
  55. Hosea 14:5 Lit strike his roots
  56. Hosea 14:6 Lit go
  57. Hosea 14:6 Lit splendor
  58. Hosea 14:7 Or return, they will raise grain
  59. Hosea 14:8 Lit him
  60. Hosea 14:8 Lit is found

10 Israel was a spreading vine;(A)
    he brought forth fruit for himself.
As his fruit increased,
    he built more altars;(B)
as his land prospered,(C)
    he adorned his sacred stones.(D)
Their heart is deceitful,(E)
    and now they must bear their guilt.(F)
The Lord will demolish their altars(G)
    and destroy their sacred stones.(H)

Then they will say, “We have no king
    because we did not revere the Lord.
But even if we had a king,
    what could he do for us?”
They make many promises,
    take false oaths(I)
    and make agreements;(J)
therefore lawsuits spring up
    like poisonous weeds(K) in a plowed field.
The people who live in Samaria fear
    for the calf-idol(L) of Beth Aven.[a](M)
Its people will mourn over it,
    and so will its idolatrous priests,(N)
those who had rejoiced over its splendor,
    because it is taken from them into exile.(O)
It will be carried to Assyria(P)
    as tribute(Q) for the great king.(R)
Ephraim will be disgraced;(S)
    Israel will be ashamed(T) of its foreign alliances.
Samaria’s king will be destroyed,(U)
    swept away like a twig on the surface of the waters.
The high places(V) of wickedness[b](W) will be destroyed—
    it is the sin of Israel.
Thorns(X) and thistles will grow up
    and cover their altars.(Y)
Then they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!”(Z)
    and to the hills, “Fall on us!”(AA)

“Since the days of Gibeah,(AB) you have sinned,(AC) Israel,
    and there you have remained.[c]
Will not war again overtake
    the evildoers in Gibeah?
10 When I please, I will punish(AD) them;
    nations will be gathered against them
    to put them in bonds for their double sin.
11 Ephraim is a trained heifer
    that loves to thresh;
so I will put a yoke(AE)
    on her fair neck.
I will drive Ephraim,
    Judah must plow,
    and Jacob must break up the ground.
12 Sow(AF) righteousness(AG) for yourselves,
    reap the fruit of unfailing love,
and break up your unplowed ground;(AH)
    for it is time to seek(AI) the Lord,
until he comes
    and showers his righteousness(AJ) on you.
13 But you have planted wickedness,
    you have reaped evil,(AK)
    you have eaten the fruit of deception.(AL)
Because you have depended on your own strength
    and on your many warriors,(AM)
14 the roar of battle will rise against your people,
    so that all your fortresses will be devastated(AN)
as Shalman(AO) devastated Beth Arbel on the day of battle,
    when mothers were dashed to the ground with their children.(AP)
15 So will it happen to you, Bethel,
    because your wickedness is great.
When that day dawns,
    the king of Israel will be completely destroyed.(AQ)

God’s Love for Israel

11 “When Israel was a child,(AR) I loved(AS) him,
    and out of Egypt I called my son.(AT)
But the more they were called,
    the more they went away from me.[d](AU)
They sacrificed to the Baals(AV)
    and they burned incense to images.(AW)
It was I who taught Ephraim to walk,
    taking them by the arms;(AX)
but they did not realize
    it was I who healed(AY) them.
I led them with cords of human kindness,
    with ties of love.(AZ)
To them I was like one who lifts
    a little child to the cheek,
    and I bent down to feed(BA) them.(BB)

“Will they not return to Egypt(BC)
    and will not Assyria(BD) rule over them
    because they refuse to repent?(BE)
A sword(BF) will flash in their cities;
    it will devour(BG) their false prophets
    and put an end to their plans.
My people are determined to turn(BH) from me.(BI)
    Even though they call me God Most High,
    I will by no means exalt them.

“How can I give you up,(BJ) Ephraim?(BK)
    How can I hand you over, Israel?
How can I treat you like Admah?
    How can I make you like Zeboyim?(BL)
My heart is changed within me;
    all my compassion(BM) is aroused.(BN)
I will not carry out my fierce anger,(BO)
    nor will I devastate(BP) Ephraim again.
For I am God, and not a man(BQ)
    the Holy One(BR) among you.
    I will not come against their cities.
10 They will follow the Lord;
    he will roar(BS) like a lion.(BT)
When he roars,
    his children will come trembling(BU) from the west.(BV)
11 They will come from Egypt,
    trembling like sparrows,
    from Assyria,(BW) fluttering like doves.(BX)
I will settle them in their homes,”(BY)
    declares the Lord.

Israel’s Sin

12 Ephraim has surrounded me with lies,(BZ)
    Israel with deceit.
And Judah is unruly against God,
    even against the faithful(CA) Holy One.[e](CB)

12 [f]Ephraim(CC) feeds on the wind;(CD)
    he pursues the east wind all day
    and multiplies lies and violence.(CE)
He makes a treaty with Assyria(CF)
    and sends olive oil to Egypt.(CG)
The Lord has a charge(CH) to bring against Judah;(CI)
    he will punish(CJ) Jacob[g] according to his ways
    and repay him according to his deeds.(CK)
In the womb he grasped his brother’s heel;(CL)
    as a man he struggled(CM) with God.
He struggled with the angel and overcame him;
    he wept and begged for his favor.
He found him at Bethel(CN)
    and talked with him there—
the Lord God Almighty,
    the Lord is his name!(CO)
But you must return(CP) to your God;
    maintain love and justice,(CQ)
    and wait for your God always.(CR)

The merchant uses dishonest scales(CS)
    and loves to defraud.
Ephraim boasts,(CT)
    “I am very rich; I have become wealthy.(CU)
With all my wealth they will not find in me
    any iniquity or sin.”

“I have been the Lord your God
    ever since you came out of Egypt;(CV)
I will make you live in tents(CW) again,
    as in the days of your appointed festivals.
10 I spoke to the prophets,
    gave them many visions
    and told parables(CX) through them.”(CY)

11 Is Gilead wicked?(CZ)
    Its people are worthless!
Do they sacrifice bulls in Gilgal?(DA)
    Their altars will be like piles of stones
    on a plowed field.(DB)
12 Jacob fled to the country of Aram[h];(DC)
    Israel served to get a wife,
    and to pay for her he tended sheep.(DD)
13 The Lord used a prophet to bring Israel up from Egypt,(DE)
    by a prophet he cared for him.(DF)
14 But Ephraim has aroused his bitter anger;
    his Lord will leave on him the guilt of his bloodshed(DG)
    and will repay him for his contempt.(DH)

The Lord’s Anger Against Israel

13 When Ephraim spoke, people trembled;(DI)
    he was exalted(DJ) in Israel.
    But he became guilty of Baal worship(DK) and died.
Now they sin more and more;
    they make(DL) idols for themselves from their silver,(DM)
cleverly fashioned images,
    all of them the work of craftsmen.(DN)
It is said of these people,
    “They offer human sacrifices!
    They kiss[i](DO) calf-idols!(DP)
Therefore they will be like the morning mist,
    like the early dew that disappears,(DQ)
    like chaff(DR) swirling from a threshing floor,(DS)
    like smoke(DT) escaping through a window.

“But I have been the Lord your God
    ever since you came out of Egypt.(DU)
You shall acknowledge(DV) no God but me,(DW)
    no Savior(DX) except me.
I cared for you in the wilderness,(DY)
    in the land of burning heat.
When I fed them, they were satisfied;
    when they were satisfied, they became proud;(DZ)
    then they forgot(EA) me.(EB)
So I will be like a lion(EC) to them,
    like a leopard I will lurk by the path.
Like a bear robbed of her cubs,(ED)
    I will attack them and rip them open;
like a lion(EE) I will devour them—
    a wild animal will tear them apart.(EF)

“You are destroyed, Israel,
    because you are against me,(EG) against your helper.(EH)
10 Where is your king,(EI) that he may save you?
    Where are your rulers in all your towns,
of whom you said,
    ‘Give me a king and princes’?(EJ)
11 So in my anger I gave you a king,(EK)
    and in my wrath I took him away.(EL)
12 The guilt of Ephraim is stored up,
    his sins are kept on record.(EM)
13 Pains as of a woman in childbirth(EN) come to him,
    but he is a child without wisdom;
when the time(EO) arrives,
    he doesn’t have the sense to come out of the womb.(EP)

14 “I will deliver this people from the power of the grave;(EQ)
    I will redeem them from death.(ER)
Where, O death, are your plagues?
    Where, O grave, is your destruction?(ES)

“I will have no compassion,
15     even though he thrives(ET) among his brothers.
An east wind(EU) from the Lord will come,
    blowing in from the desert;
his spring will fail
    and his well dry up.(EV)
His storehouse will be plundered(EW)
    of all its treasures.
16 The people of Samaria(EX) must bear their guilt,(EY)
    because they have rebelled(EZ) against their God.
They will fall by the sword;(FA)
    their little ones will be dashed(FB) to the ground,
    their pregnant women(FC) ripped open.”[j]

Repentance to Bring Blessing

14 [k]Return,(FD) Israel, to the Lord your God.
    Your sins(FE) have been your downfall!(FF)
Take words with you
    and return to the Lord.
Say to him:
    “Forgive(FG) all our sins
and receive us graciously,(FH)
    that we may offer the fruit of our lips.[l](FI)
Assyria cannot save us;(FJ)
    we will not mount warhorses.(FK)
We will never again say ‘Our gods’(FL)
    to what our own hands have made,(FM)
    for in you the fatherless(FN) find compassion.”

“I will heal(FO) their waywardness(FP)
    and love them freely,(FQ)
    for my anger has turned away(FR) from them.
I will be like the dew(FS) to Israel;
    he will blossom like a lily.(FT)
Like a cedar of Lebanon(FU)
    he will send down his roots;(FV)
    his young shoots will grow.
His splendor will be like an olive tree,(FW)
    his fragrance like a cedar of Lebanon.(FX)
People will dwell again in his shade;(FY)
    they will flourish like the grain,
they will blossom(FZ) like the vine—
    Israel’s fame will be like the wine(GA) of Lebanon.(GB)
Ephraim, what more have I[m] to do with idols?(GC)
    I will answer him and care for him.
I am like a flourishing juniper;(GD)
    your fruitfulness comes from me.”

Who is wise?(GE) Let them realize these things.
    Who is discerning? Let them understand.(GF)
The ways of the Lord are right;(GG)
    the righteous walk(GH) in them,
    but the rebellious stumble in them.

Footnotes

  1. Hosea 10:5 Beth Aven means house of wickedness (a derogatory name for Bethel, which means house of God).
  2. Hosea 10:8 Hebrew aven, a reference to Beth Aven (a derogatory name for Bethel); see verse 5.
  3. Hosea 10:9 Or there a stand was taken
  4. Hosea 11:2 Septuagint; Hebrew them
  5. Hosea 11:12 In Hebrew texts this verse (11:12) is numbered 12:1.
  6. Hosea 12:1 In Hebrew texts 12:1-14 is numbered 12:2-15.
  7. Hosea 12:2 Jacob means he grasps the heel, a Hebrew idiom for he takes advantage of or he deceives.
  8. Hosea 12:12 That is, Northwest Mesopotamia
  9. Hosea 13:2 Or “Men who sacrifice / kiss
  10. Hosea 13:16 In Hebrew texts this verse (13:16) is numbered 14:1.
  11. Hosea 14:1 In Hebrew texts 14:1-9 is numbered 14:2-10.
  12. Hosea 14:2 Or offer our lips as sacrifices of bulls
  13. Hosea 14:8 Or Hebrew; Septuagint What more has Ephraim