11 “Ephraim is like a dove,(A)
    easily deceived and senseless—
now calling to Egypt,(B)
    now turning to Assyria.(C)

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12 [a]Ephraim(A) feeds on the wind;(B)
    he pursues the east wind all day
    and multiplies lies and violence.(C)
He makes a treaty with Assyria(D)
    and sends olive oil to Egypt.(E)

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Footnotes

  1. Hosea 12:1 In Hebrew texts 12:1-14 is numbered 12:2-15.

13 “When Ephraim(A) saw his sickness,
    and Judah his sores,
then Ephraim turned to Assyria,(B)
    and sent to the great king for help.(C)
But he is not able to cure(D) you,
    not able to heal your sores.(E)

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11 They will come from Egypt,
    trembling like sparrows,
    from Assyria,(A) fluttering like doves.(B)
I will settle them in their homes,”(C)
    declares the Lord.

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     11 to prostitution;(A)
old wine(B) and new wine
    take away their understanding.(C)

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They will not remain(A) in the Lord’s land;
    Ephraim will return to Egypt(B)
    and eat unclean food in Assyria.(C)

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Assyria cannot save us;(A)
    we will not mount warhorses.(B)
We will never again say ‘Our gods’(C)
    to what our own hands have made,(D)
    for in you the fatherless(E) find compassion.”

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Israel is swallowed up;(A)
    now she is among the nations
    like something no one wants.(B)
For they have gone up to Assyria(C)
    like a wild donkey(D) wandering alone.
    Ephraim has sold herself to lovers.(E)

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The older was named Oholah, and her sister was Oholibah. They were mine and gave birth to sons and daughters. Oholah is Samaria, and Oholibah is Jerusalem.(A)

“Oholah engaged in prostitution while she was still mine; and she lusted after her lovers, the Assyrians(B)—warriors(C) clothed in blue, governors and commanders, all of them handsome young men, and mounted horsemen. She gave herself as a prostitute to all the elite of the Assyrians and defiled herself with all the idols of everyone she lusted after.(D) She did not give up the prostitution she began in Egypt,(E) when during her youth men slept with her, caressed her virgin bosom and poured out their lust on her.(F)

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36 Why do you go about so much,
    changing(A) your ways?
You will be disappointed by Egypt(B)
    as you were by Assyria.

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18 Now why go to Egypt(A)
    to drink water from the Nile[a]?(B)
And why go to Assyria(C)
    to drink water from the Euphrates?(D)

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Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 2:18 Hebrew Shihor; that is, a branch of the Nile

Woe to Those Who Rely on Egypt

31 Woe(A) to those who go down to Egypt(B) for help,
    who rely on horses,(C)
who trust in the multitude of their chariots(D)
    and in the great strength of their horsemen,
but do not look to the Holy One(E) of Israel,
    or seek help from the Lord.(F)
Yet he too is wise(G) and can bring disaster;(H)
    he does not take back his words.(I)
He will rise up against that wicked nation,(J)
    against those who help evildoers.
But the Egyptians(K) are mere mortals and not God;(L)
    their horses(M) are flesh and not spirit.
When the Lord stretches out his hand,(N)
    those who help will stumble,
    those who are helped(O) will fall;
    all will perish together.(P)

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Woe to the Obstinate Nation

30 “Woe(A) to the obstinate children,”(B)
    declares the Lord,
“to those who carry out plans that are not mine,
    forming an alliance,(C) but not by my Spirit,
    heaping sin upon sin;
who go down to Egypt(D)
    without consulting(E) me;
who look for help to Pharaoh’s protection,(F)
    to Egypt’s shade for refuge.(G)
But Pharaoh’s protection will be to your shame,
    Egypt’s shade(H) will bring you disgrace.(I)
Though they have officials in Zoan(J)
    and their envoys have arrived in Hanes,
everyone will be put to shame
    because of a people(K) useless(L) to them,
who bring neither help(M) nor advantage,
    but only shame and disgrace.(N)

A prophecy(O) concerning the animals of the Negev:(P)

Through a land of hardship and distress,(Q)
    of lions(R) and lionesses,
    of adders and darting snakes,(S)
the envoys carry their riches on donkeys’(T) backs,
    their treasures(U) on the humps of camels,
to that unprofitable nation,

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16 Why should fools have money in hand to buy wisdom,
    when they are not able to understand it?(A)

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32 Those who disregard discipline despise themselves,(A)
    but the one who heeds correction gains understanding.(B)

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32 But a man who commits adultery(A) has no sense;(B)
    whoever does so destroys himself.

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Shalmaneser(A) king of Assyria came up to attack Hoshea, who had been Shalmaneser’s vassal and had paid him tribute.(B) But the king of Assyria discovered that Hoshea was a traitor, for he had sent envoys to So[a] king of Egypt,(C) and he no longer paid tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year. Therefore Shalmaneser seized him and put him in prison.(D)

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 17:4 So is probably an abbreviation for Osorkon.

19 Then Pul[a](A) king of Assyria invaded the land, and Menahem gave him a thousand talents[b] of silver to gain his support and strengthen his own hold on the kingdom.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 15:19 Also called Tiglath-Pileser
  2. 2 Kings 15:19 That is, about 38 tons or about 34 metric tons

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