11 Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to Egypt, they go to Assyria.

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11 “Ephraim is like a dove,(A)
    easily deceived and senseless—
now calling to Egypt,(B)
    now turning to Assyria.(C)

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He shall not return into the land of Egypt, and the Assyrian shall be his king, because they refused to return.

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“Will they not return to Egypt(A)
    and will not Assyria(B) rule over them
    because they refuse to repent?(C)

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12 Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he daily increaseth lies and desolation; and they do make a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil is carried into Egypt.

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12 [a]Ephraim(A) feeds on the wind;(B)
    he pursues the east wind all day
    and multiplies lies and violence.(C)
He makes a treaty with Assyria(D)
    and sends olive oil to Egypt.(E)

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Footnotes

  1. Hosea 12:1 In Hebrew texts 12:1-14 is numbered 12:2-15.

And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.

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But the king of Assyria discovered that Hoshea was a traitor, for he had sent envoys to So[a] king of Egypt,(A) and he no longer paid tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year. Therefore Shalmaneser seized him and put him in prison.(B)

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 17:4 So is probably an abbreviation for Osorkon.

17 An horse is a vain thing for safety: neither shall he deliver any by his great strength.

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17 A horse(A) is a vain hope for deliverance;
    despite all its great strength it cannot save.

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That walk to go down into Egypt, and have not asked at my mouth; to strengthen themselves in the strength of Pharaoh, and to trust in the shadow of Egypt!

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who go down to Egypt(A)
    without consulting(B) me;
who look for help to Pharaoh’s protection,(C)
    to Egypt’s shade for refuge.(D)

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16 But ye said, No; for we will flee upon horses; therefore shall ye flee: and, We will ride upon the swift; therefore shall they that pursue you be swift.

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16 You said, ‘No, we will flee(A) on horses.’(B)
    Therefore you will flee!
You said, ‘We will ride off on swift horses.’
    Therefore your pursuers will be swift!

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31 Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the Lord!

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Woe to Those Who Rely on Egypt

31 Woe(A) to those who go down to Egypt(B) for help,
    who rely on horses,(C)
who trust in the multitude of their chariots(D)
    and in the great strength of their horsemen,
but do not look to the Holy One(E) of Israel,
    or seek help from the Lord.(F)

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