Melchizedek the Priest

This Melchizedek was king of Salem(A) and priest of God Most High.(B) He met Abraham returning from the defeat of the kings and blessed him,(C) and Abraham gave him a tenth of everything. First, the name Melchizedek means “king of righteousness”; then also, “king of Salem” means “king of peace.” Without father or mother, without genealogy,(D) without beginning of days or end of life, resembling the Son of God,(E) he remains a priest forever.

Just think how great he was: Even the patriarch(F) Abraham gave him a tenth of the plunder!(G) Now the law requires the descendants of Levi who become priests to collect a tenth from the people(H)—that is, from their fellow Israelites—even though they also are descended from Abraham. This man, however, did not trace his descent from Levi, yet he collected a tenth from Abraham and blessed(I) him who had the promises.(J) And without doubt the lesser is blessed by the greater. In the one case, the tenth is collected by people who die; but in the other case, by him who is declared to be living.(K) One might even say that Levi, who collects the tenth, paid the tenth through Abraham, 10 because when Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the body of his ancestor.

Jesus Like Melchizedek

11 If perfection could have been attained through the Levitical priesthood—and indeed the law given to the people(L) established that priesthood—why was there still need for another priest to come,(M) one in the order of Melchizedek,(N) not in the order of Aaron? 12 For when the priesthood is changed, the law must be changed also. 13 He of whom these things are said belonged to a different tribe,(O) and no one from that tribe has ever served at the altar.(P) 14 For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah,(Q) and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests. 15 And what we have said is even more clear if another priest like Melchizedek appears, 16 one who has become a priest not on the basis of a regulation as to his ancestry but on the basis of the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is declared:

“You are a priest forever,
    in the order of Melchizedek.”[a](R)

18 The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless(S) 19 (for the law made nothing perfect),(T) and a better hope(U) is introduced, by which we draw near to God.(V)

20 And it was not without an oath! Others became priests without any oath, 21 but he became a priest with an oath when God said to him:

“The Lord has sworn
    and will not change his mind:(W)
    ‘You are a priest forever.’”[b](X)

22 Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantor of a better covenant.(Y)

23 Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; 24 but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood.(Z) 25 Therefore he is able to save(AA) completely[c] those who come to God(AB) through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.(AC)

26 Such a high priest(AD) truly meets our need—one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners,(AE) exalted above the heavens.(AF) 27 Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices(AG) day after day, first for his own sins,(AH) and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all(AI) when he offered himself.(AJ) 28 For the law appoints as high priests men in all their weakness;(AK) but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son,(AL) who has been made perfect(AM) forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:17 Psalm 110:4
  2. Hebrews 7:21 Psalm 110:4
  3. Hebrews 7:25 Or forever

Melchisedek – ein Priester wie Jesus Christus

Was wissen wir denn von Melchisedek? Er war – ´wie es in der Schrift heißt` – König von Salem und Priester des höchsten Gottes. Als Abraham siegreich vom Kampf gegen die Könige zurückkehrte, ging – ´so wird uns berichtet` – Melchisedek ihm entgegen und segnete ihn, und Abraham gab ihm den zehnten Teil von allem, was er erbeutet hatte.[a] Der Name Melchisedek bedeutet »König der Gerechtigkeit«, und König von Salem[b] bedeutet »König des Friedens«. ´Ansonsten wird nichts über ihn mitgeteilt:` Kein Vater ´wird erwähnt`, keine Mutter, kein Stammbaum, kein Anfang und kein Ende seines Lebens. Er, der dem Sohn Gottes gleicht, bleibt ´sozusagen` Priester für immer und ewig.

Melchisedek und Abraham

Wie bedeutend Melchisedek war, seht ihr daran, dass ´kein Geringerer als` Abraham, der Stammvater ´unseres Volkes`, ihm den besten Teil seiner Beute als Zehnten gab[c]. Nach den Bestimmungen des Gesetzes steht der Zehnte denen zu, denen das Priesteramt übertragen ist, den Nachkommen von Levi[d], und sie erheben ihn vom Volk, also von ihren Brüdern, die ´wie sie` von Abraham abstammen. Melchisedek jedoch war in keiner Weise mit den Leviten verwandt, und trotzdem nahm er von Abraham den Zehnten entgegen.

Außerdem hat er ihn gesegnet – ihn, der die Zusagen ´Gottes für unser Volk bekommen` hat; und niemand wird bestreiten, dass der, der segnet, über dem steht, der gesegnet wird.

Dazu kommt noch etwas: Im Fall der Leviten sind es sterbliche Menschen, die den Zehnten erhalten; bei Melchisedek hingegen wird nichts von einem Ende seines Lebens berichtet[e].

Und im Grunde genommen hat durch Abraham auch Levi den Zehnten entrichtet – er, der ´normalerweise` den Zehnten erhebt. 10 Denn weil er von Abraham abstammt, war er – so könnte man sagen – schon dabei[f], als Abraham und Melchisedek sich begegneten.

Die Ablösung des levitischen Priestertums durch eine neue Ordnung

11 Wenn nun das levitische Priestertum zur Vollkommenheit führen könnte – und das Gesetz, das unserem Volk gegeben wurde, kennt ja kein anderes Priestertum[g] –, wäre es dann nötig gewesen, einen Priester einzusetzen, der zu einer ganz anderen Ordnung gehört – einen Priester wie Melchisedek und nicht einen wie Aaron? 12 Und wohlgemerkt: Eine Änderung der priesterlichen Ordnung bedeutet zwangsläufig eine Änderung des Gesetzes überhaupt!

13 Dieser Priester, auf den die Schrift hinweist[h], gehört in der Tat einem ganz anderen Stamm ´unseres Volkes` an, einem Stamm, von dem nie jemand den Dienst am Altar versehen hat. 14 Denn wie wir alle wissen, kommt unser Herr aus Juda, und Mose hat nie etwas von Priestern aus diesem Stamm gesagt.

15 Und noch viel deutlicher wird das Ganze, wenn wir uns klar machen, dass sich die Einsetzung dieses anderen Priesters – genau wie bei Melchisedek – 16 nicht auf eine bestimmte vom Gesetz vorgeschriebene Abstammung[i] gründet, sondern auf die Kraft eines ´ewigen`, unzerstörbaren Lebens. 17 Das wird von jener Stelle in der Schrift bestätigt, an der es heißt: »Du sollst für alle Zeiten Priester sein – ein Priester von derselben priesterlichen Ordnung wie Melchisedek.«[j]

18 Damit ist also die Ordnung, die früher galt, außer Kraft gesetzt, weil sie sich als ohnmächtig erwies und ´letztlich` keinen Nutzen brachte; 19 das Gesetz ist nicht imstande gewesen, zur Vollkommenheit zu führen. An die Stelle jener Ordnung ist etwas getreten, was uns eine Hoffnung gibt, die alles Frühere in den Schatten stellt, und was uns einen ungehinderten Zugang zu Gott möglich macht.[k]

Jesus – der Garant eines besseren Bundes

20 Wie groß der Unterschied zur alten Ordnung ist, zeigt sich auch daran, dass Jesus mit einem Eid in seinem Priesteramt bestätigt wurde. Bei den levitischen Priestern gab es keinen solchen Eid; 21 aber als Jesus zum Priester eingesetzt wurde, machte Gott ihm eine Zusage, die er mit einem Eid bekräftigte. Es heißt in der Schrift: »Der Herr hat geschworen: ›Du sollst für immer Priester sein‹, und er wird seine Zusage nie zurücknehmen.«[l] 22 Dieser Schwur macht unmissverständlich deutlich, dass Jesus der Garant eines besseren Bundes ist.

23 Nach der alten Ordnung gab es eine lange Reihe von Priestern; ´einer folgte auf den anderen,` weil sie alle durch den Tod daran gehindert wurden, im Amt zu bleiben. 24 Jesus aber lebt für immer, weshalb sein Priestertum unvergänglich[m] ist. 25 Und das ist auch der Grund dafür, dass er alle vollkommen[n] retten kann, die durch ihn zu Gott kommen. Er, der ewig lebt, wird nie aufhören, für sie einzutreten.

Die Vollkommenheit des neuen Hohenpriesters

26 Ein solcher Hoherpriester war genau das, was wir nötig hatten: einer, der durch und durch heilig und ohne jede Schuld ist und an dem Gott nichts auszusetzen hat, einer, der sich grundlegend von uns sündigen Menschen unterscheidet und dessen Platz hoch über dem höchsten Himmel ist[o]. 27 Im Gegensatz zu den levitischen Hohenpriestern muss er nicht Tag für Tag Opfer darbringen und muss auch nicht mit einem Opfer für eigene Sünden beginnen, ehe er für die Sünden des Volkes opfern kann. Nein, Jesus hat nur ein einziges Mal ein Opfer dargebracht, nämlich sich selbst, und dieses Opfer gilt für immer.

28 Die vom Gesetz ernannten Hohenpriester sind schwache, mit Fehlern behaftete Menschen. Doch der, den Gott durch einen Eid zum Hohenpriester eingesetzt hat (und das tat er lange, nachdem er das Gesetz gegeben hatte!), ist sein eigener Sohn – ein für immer und ewig vollkommener[p] Hoherpriester.

Footnotes

  1. Hebräer 7:2 1. Mose 14,17-20.
  2. Hebräer 7:2 Eine kanaanäische Stadt, wahrscheinlich das spätere Jerusalem.
  3. Hebräer 7:4 Od ihm von seiner Beute den Zehnten gab.
  4. Hebräer 7:5 Od steht der Zehnte denjenigen unter den Nachkommen von Levi zu, denen das Priesteramt übertragen ist.
  5. Hebräer 7:8 W wird bezeugt, dass er lebt.
  6. Hebräer 7:10 W Denn er war noch in der Lende seines Vaters.
  7. Hebräer 7:11 Od und das Gesetz wurde unserem Volk auf der Grundlage dieses Priestertums gegeben.
  8. Hebräer 7:13 Od Der Priester, von dem hier die Rede ist.
  9. Hebräer 7:16 W nicht auf ein fleischliches/leibliches Gebot, d. h. auf ein Gebot, das von der leiblich-irdischen Abstammung handelt. Andere verstehen darunter menschlich-vergängliche Bestimmungen.
  10. Hebräer 7:17 Psalm 110,4.
  11. Hebräer 7:19 W An ihre Stelle ist eine bessere Hoffnung getreten, durch die wir uns Gott nahen.
  12. Hebräer 7:21 Psalm 110,4.
  13. Hebräer 7:24 unübertragbar.
  14. Hebräer 7:25 Od für immer.
  15. Hebräer 7:26 Manche sehen in der zweiten Vershälfte einen Bezug auf Jesu Himmelfahrt und übersetzen: einer, der von uns sündigen Menschen getrennt und hoch über den höchsten Himmel erhoben worden ist.
  16. Hebräer 7:28 W vollkommen gemachter.

The King of Righteousness(A)

For this (B)Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, to whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all, first being translated “king of righteousness,” and then also king of Salem, meaning “king of peace,” without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God, remains a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, to whom even the patriarch Abraham gave a tenth of the [a]spoils. And indeed (C)those who are of the sons of Levi, who receive the priesthood, have a commandment to receive tithes from the people according to the law, that is, from their brethren, though they have come from the loins of Abraham; but he whose genealogy is not derived from them received tithes from Abraham (D)and blessed (E)him who had the promises. Now beyond all contradiction the lesser is blessed by the better. Here mortal men receive tithes, but there he receives them, (F)of whom it is witnessed that he lives. Even Levi, who receives tithes, paid tithes through Abraham, so to speak, 10 for he was still in the loins of his father when Melchizedek met him.

Need for a New Priesthood(G)

11 (H)Therefore, if perfection were through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people received the law), what further need was there that another priest should rise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not be called according to the order of Aaron? 12 For the priesthood being changed, of necessity there is also a change of the law. 13 For He of whom these things are spoken belongs to another tribe, from which no man has [b]officiated at the altar.

14 For it is evident that (I)our Lord arose from (J)Judah, of which tribe Moses spoke nothing concerning [c]priesthood. 15 And it is yet far more evident if, in the likeness of Melchizedek, there arises another priest 16 who has come, not according to the law of a fleshly commandment, but according to the power of an endless life. 17 For [d]He testifies:

(K)“You are a priest forever
According to the order of Melchizedek.”

18 For on the one hand there is an annulling of the former commandment because of (L)its weakness and unprofitableness, 19 for (M)the law made nothing [e]perfect; on the other hand, there is the bringing in of (N)a better hope, through which (O)we draw near to God.

Greatness of the New Priest

20 And inasmuch as He was not made priest without an oath 21 (for they have become priests without an oath, but He with an oath by Him who said to Him:

(P)“The Lord has sworn
And will not relent,
‘You are a priest [f]forever
According to the order of Melchizedek’ ”),

22 by so much more Jesus has become a [g]surety of a (Q)better covenant.

23 Also there were many priests, because they were prevented by death from continuing. 24 But He, because He continues forever, has an unchangeable priesthood. 25 Therefore He is also (R)able to save [h]to the uttermost those who come to God through Him, since He always lives (S)to make intercession for them.

26 For such a High Priest was fitting for us, (T)who is holy, [i]harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, (U)and has become higher than the heavens; 27 who does not need daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His (V)own sins and then for the people’s, for this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. 28 For the law appoints as high priests men who have weakness, but the word of the oath, which came after the law, appoints the Son who has been perfected forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:4 plunder
  2. Hebrews 7:13 served
  3. Hebrews 7:14 NU priests
  4. Hebrews 7:17 NU it is testified
  5. Hebrews 7:19 complete
  6. Hebrews 7:21 NU ends the quotation after forever.
  7. Hebrews 7:22 guarantee
  8. Hebrews 7:25 completely or forever
  9. Hebrews 7:26 innocent

The Priestly Order of Melchizedek

For this (A)Melchizedek, king of (B)Salem, priest of (C)the Most High God, met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, and to him Abraham apportioned a tenth part of everything. He is first, by translation of his name, king of righteousness, and then he is also king of Salem, that is, king of peace. He is without father or mother (D)or genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but resembling the Son of God he continues a priest forever.

See how great this man was to whom Abraham (E)the patriarch gave a tenth of the spoils! And (F)those descendants of Levi who receive the priestly office have a commandment in the law to take tithes from the people, that is, from their brothers,[a] though these also are descended from Abraham. But this man (G)who does not have his descent from them received tithes from Abraham and blessed (H)him who had the promises. It is beyond dispute that the inferior is blessed by the superior. In the one case tithes are received by mortal men, but in the other case, by one (I)of whom it is testified that (J)he lives. One might even say that Levi himself, who receives tithes, paid tithes through Abraham, 10 for he was still in the loins of his ancestor when Melchizedek met him.

Jesus Compared to Melchizedek

11 (K)Now if perfection had been attainable through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people received the law), what further need would there have been for another priest to arise after the order of Melchizedek, rather than one named after the order of Aaron? 12 For when there is a change in the priesthood, there is necessarily a change in the law as well. 13 For the one of whom these things are spoken belonged to another tribe, from which no one has ever served at the altar. 14 For it is evident that our Lord was descended (L)from Judah, and in connection with that tribe Moses said nothing about priests.

15 This becomes even more evident when another priest arises in the likeness of Melchizedek, 16 who has become a priest, not on the basis of a legal requirement concerning bodily descent, but by the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is witnessed of him,

(M)“You are a priest forever,
    after the order of Melchizedek.”

18 For on the one hand, a former commandment is set aside (N)because of its weakness and uselessness 19 (for (O)the law made nothing perfect); but on the other hand, (P)a better hope is introduced, through which (Q)we draw near to God.

20 And it was not without an oath. For those who formerly became priests were made such without an oath, 21 but this one was made a priest with an oath by the one who said to him:

(R)“The Lord has sworn
    and will not change his mind,
‘You are a priest forever.’”

22 This makes Jesus the guarantor of (S)a better covenant.

23 The former priests were many in number, because they were prevented by death from continuing in office, 24 but he holds his priesthood permanently, because he continues (T)forever. 25 Consequently, he is able to save to the uttermost[b] (U)those who draw near to God (V)through him, since he always lives (W)to make intercession for them.

26 For it was indeed fitting that we should have such a high priest, (X)holy, innocent, unstained, (Y)separated from sinners, and (Z)exalted above the heavens. 27 He has no need, like those high priests, to offer sacrifices daily, (AA)first for his own sins and then for those of the people, since he did this (AB)once for all when he offered up himself. 28 For the law appoints men (AC)in their weakness as high priests, but the word of the oath, which came later than the law, appoints a Son who has been made (AD)perfect forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:5 Or brothers and sisters
  2. Hebrews 7:25 That is, completely; or at all times