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Los dos santuarios

Ciertamente la primera alianza disponía de un ritual para el culto y de un santuario terrestre. En efecto, la Tienda de la presencia estaba preparada de forma que en la primera parte, llamada “lugar santo”, se encontraban el candelabro, la mesa de las ofrendas y los panes que se presentaban a Dios. Detrás de la segunda cortina estaba la parte de la Tienda llamada “lugar santísimo”, donde había un incensario de oro y el Arca de la alianza totalmente recubierta de oro. En esta última se guardaba una urna de oro que contenía el maná, la vara de Aarón en otro tiempo florecida y las losas sobre las que estaban escritas las cláusulas de la alianza. Encima del Arca estaban los querubines, representantes de la presencia gloriosa de Dios, que cubrían el llamado “propiciatorio”. Pero no es este el momento de entrar en más detalles sobre el particular.

Así dispuestas las cosas, los sacerdotes entran continuamente en la primera parte de la Tienda para celebrar el culto. Pero en la segunda parte, entra únicamente el sumo sacerdote una vez al año, con la sangre de las víctimas ofrecidas por sus propios pecados y por los que el pueblo comete inadvertidamente. Con esto quiere dar a entender el Espíritu Santo que, mientras ha estado en pie la primera Tienda de la presencia, el camino del verdadero santuario ha permanecido cerrado. Todo lo cual tiene un alcance simbólico referido a nuestro tiempo. En efecto, las ofrendas y sacrificios presentados allí eran incapaces de perfeccionar interiormente a quien los presentaba. 10 Eran simplemente alimentos, bebidas o ritos purificatorios diversos; observancias todas ellas exteriores, válidas únicamente hasta el momento en que se instaurara el nuevo orden de cosas.

11 Pero Cristo se ha presentado como sumo sacerdote de los bienes definitivos. Y siendo el suyo un santuario mayor y más valioso, no fabricado por manos humanas y por tanto no perteneciente al mundo creado, 12 entró una vez por todas en “el lugar santísimo”, no con sangre de machos cabríos o de toros, sino con la suya propia, rescatándonos así para siempre.

Los dos sacrificios

13 Se da por hecho que la sangre de machos cabríos y de toros, así como las cenizas de una ternera, tienen poder para restaurar la pureza externa cuando se esparcen sobre quienes son considerados ritualmente impuros. 14 ¡Pues cuánto más eficaz será la sangre de Cristo que, bajo la acción del Espíritu eterno, se ha ofrecido a Dios como víctima sin mancha! ¡Cuánto más será capaz de limpiar nuestra conciencia de las acciones que causan la muerte para que podamos dar culto al Dios viviente!

15 Precisamente por eso, Cristo es el mediador de una alianza nueva. Con su muerte ha obtenido el perdón de los pecados cometidos durante la antigua alianza, haciendo posible que los elegidos reciban la herencia eterna prometida. 16 Todos saben que para que un testamento surta efecto, es necesario que conste la muerte de quien lo otorgó; 17 en vida del testador no tiene ninguna validez ya que sólo a partir de la muerte adquiere valor un testamento. 18 De ahí que también la primera alianza dio comienzo con un rito de sangre. 19 En efecto, cuando Moisés terminó de explicar a todo el pueblo los preceptos de la ley, tomó sangre de los toros y los machos cabríos, la mezcló con agua y, valiéndose de un poco de lana roja y de una rama de hisopo, roció con ella al libro de la ley y a todo el pueblo 20 diciendo: Esta es la sangre que ratifica la alianza que Dios ha establecido con vosotros. 21 Después roció con sangre la Tienda de la presencia y todos los objetos reservados para el culto. 22 Y es que, según la ley, prácticamente todas las cosas se purifican mediante la sangre y, si no hay derramamiento de sangre, tampoco hay perdón.

23 Se necesitaban, pues, tales sacrificios para purificar lo que sólo era esbozo de las realidades celestiales; pero estas mismas realidades celestiales precisaban de sacrificios más valiosos. 24 Por eso Cristo no entró en un santuario construido por manos humanas —que era simple imagen del verdadero santuario—, sino que entró en el cielo mismo donde ahora intercede por nosotros en presencia de Dios. 25 Y tampoco tuvo que ofrecerse muchas veces, como tiene que hacerlo el sumo sacerdote judío que año tras año entra en “el lugar santísimo” con una sangre que no es la suya. 26 De no ser así, Cristo debería haber padecido muchas veces desde que el mundo es mundo; y, sin embargo, le ha bastado con manifestarse una sola vez ahora, en el momento culminante de la historia, destruyendo el pecado con el sacrificio de sí mismo.

27 Y así como está establecido que todos los seres humanos deben pasar por la muerte una sola vez para ser a continuación juzgados, 28 así también Cristo se ofreció una sola vez para cargar con los pecados de la humanidad. Después se mostrará por segunda vez, pero ya no en relación con el pecado, sino para salvar a quienes han puesto su esperanza en él.

Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary.

For there was a tabernacle made; the first, wherein was the candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread; which is called the sanctuary.

And after the second veil, the tabernacle which is called the Holiest of all;

Which had the golden censer, and the ark of the covenant overlaid round about with gold, wherein was the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant;

And over it the cherubims of glory shadowing the mercyseat; of which we cannot now speak particularly.

Now when these things were thus ordained, the priests went always into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the service of God.

But into the second went the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of the people:

The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the holiest of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was yet standing:

Which was a figure for the time then present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did the service perfect, as pertaining to the conscience;

10 Which stood only in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal ordinances, imposed on them until the time of reformation.

11 But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building;

12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us.

13 For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh:

14 How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?

15 And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.

16 For where a testament is, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator.

17 For a testament is of force after men are dead: otherwise it is of no strength at all while the testator liveth.

18 Whereupon neither the first testament was dedicated without blood.

19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people,

20 Saying, This is the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you.

21 Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry.

22 And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.

23 It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.

24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:

25 Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others;

26 For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.

27 And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment:

28 So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.

The Earthly Holy Place

Now even the first covenant had regulations for worship and (A)an earthly place of holiness. For (B)a tent[a] was prepared, the first section, in which were (C)the lampstand and (D)the table and (E)the bread of the Presence.[b] It is called the Holy Place. Behind (F)the second curtain was a second section[c] called the Most Holy Place, having the golden (G)altar of incense and (H)the ark of the covenant covered on all sides with gold, in which was (I)a golden urn holding the manna, and (J)Aaron's staff that budded, and (K)the tablets of the covenant. Above it were (L)the cherubim of glory overshadowing (M)the mercy seat. Of these things we cannot now speak in detail.

These preparations having thus been made, (N)the priests go regularly into the first section, performing their ritual duties, but into the second only (O)the high priest goes, and he but (P)once a year, and not without taking blood, (Q)which he offers for himself and for the unintentional sins of the people. By this the Holy Spirit indicates that (R)the way into the holy places is not yet opened as long as the first section is still standing (which is symbolic for the present age).[d] According to this arrangement, gifts and sacrifices are offered (S)that cannot perfect the conscience of the worshiper, 10 but deal only with (T)food and drink and (U)various washings, regulations for the body imposed until the time of reformation.

Redemption Through the Blood of Christ

11 But when Christ appeared as a high priest (V)of the good things that have come,[e] then through (W)the greater and more perfect tent ((X)not made with hands, that is, not of this creation) 12 he (Y)entered (Z)once for all into the holy places, not by means of (AA)the blood of goats and calves but (AB)by means of his own blood, (AC)thus securing an eternal redemption. 13 For if (AD)the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with (AE)the ashes of a heifer, sanctify[f] for the purification of the flesh, 14 how much more will (AF)the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit (AG)offered himself without blemish to God, (AH)purify our[g] conscience (AI)from dead works (AJ)to serve the living God.

15 Therefore he is (AK)the mediator of a new covenant, so that (AL)those who are called may (AM)receive the promised eternal inheritance, (AN)since a death has occurred that redeems them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant.[h] 16 For where a will is involved, the death of the one who made it must be established. 17 For (AO)a will takes effect only at death, since it is not in force as long as the one who made it is alive. 18 Therefore not even the first covenant was inaugurated (AP)without blood. 19 For when every commandment of the law had been declared by Moses to all the people, he took (AQ)the blood of calves and goats, (AR)with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 20 saying, (AS)“This is the blood of the covenant that God commanded for you.” 21 And in the same way he sprinkled with the blood both (AT)the tent and all the vessels used in worship. 22 Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and (AU)without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.

23 Thus it was necessary for (AV)the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these rites, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ has entered, not into holy places (AW)made with hands, which are copies of the true things, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God (AX)on our behalf. 25 Nor was it to offer himself repeatedly, as (AY)the high priest enters (AZ)the holy places every year with blood not his own, 26 for then he would have had to suffer repeatedly since the foundation of the world. But as it is, (BA)he has appeared (BB)once for all (BC)at the end of the ages to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. 27 And just as (BD)it is appointed for man to die once, and (BE)after that comes judgment, 28 so Christ, having been offered once (BF)to bear the sins of (BG)many, will appear (BH)a second time, (BI)not to deal with sin but to save those who are eagerly (BJ)waiting for him.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 9:2 Or tabernacle; also verses 11, 21
  2. Hebrews 9:2 Greek the presentation of the loaves
  3. Hebrews 9:3 Greek tent; also verses 6, 8
  4. Hebrews 9:9 Or which is symbolic for the age then present
  5. Hebrews 9:11 Some manuscripts good things to come
  6. Hebrews 9:13 Or For if the sprinkling of defiled persons with the blood of goats and bulls and with the ashes of a heifer sanctifies
  7. Hebrews 9:14 Some manuscripts your
  8. Hebrews 9:15 The Greek word means both covenant and will; also verses 16, 17