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Paulus verschijnt voor koning Agrippa

26 Agrippa zei tegen Paulus: ‘Ga uw gang. U mag voor uzelf spreken.’ Paulus stak zijn hand op en verdedigde zich met deze woorden: ‘Ik ben blij, koning Agrippa, dat ik mij vandaag voor u mag verdedigen tegen alles waarvan de Joden mij beschuldigen. U bent zeer goed op de hoogte van de gebruiken en geschilpunten onder hen. Wilt u daarom zo vriendelijk zijn mij geduldig aan te horen?

Alle Joden weten hoe ik heb geleefd. Zij kennen mij van jongsaf aan. Ik heb mijn opvoeding eerst in Tarsus en later in Jeruzalem genoten. Het is hun bekend dat ik van mijn jeugd af heb geleefd volgens de regels van de Farizese partij, de strengste richting van onze godsdienst. Als zij dat nu maar wilden toegeven. Nu sta ik hier terecht omdat ik verwacht dat God zal doen wat Hij onze voorouders heeft beloofd.

De twaalf stammen van Israël verwachten dat ook en dienen God daarom heel serieus, dag en nacht. Maar koning Agrippa, ik word ervoor vervolgd! Waarom kan niemand hier geloven dat God doden levend maakt? Ik heb vroeger zelf ook gemeend al het mogelijke te moeten doen om de verspreiding van de naam van Jezus van Nazareth tegen te gaan. 10 Met toestemming van de leidende priesters heb ik in Jeruzalem vele van zijn volgelingen gevangen gezet. En als tegen hen de doodstraf werd geëist, stemde ik daar altijd mee in. 11 Ik ging alle synagogen binnen. Als ik daar christenen vond, probeerde ik hen vaak met geweld te dwingen Jezus te vervloeken. Door een diepe haat gedreven, vervolgde ik hen zelfs tot in het buitenland. 12 Zo ging ik ook naar Damascus, met toestemming van de leidende priesters. Zij hadden mij de bevoegdheid gegeven namens hen op te treden.

13 Onderweg zag ik midden op de dag een licht, koning Agrippa, helderder dan de zon! Het omstraalde mij en de mannen die met mij meereisden. 14 Wij vielen allemaal op de grond en ik hoorde iemand in het Hebreeuws tegen mij zeggen: “Saul, Saul! Waarom vervolgt u Mij? U doet alleen uzelf maar pijn, net als een os trapt tegen de stok die hem voortdrijft.” 15 “Wie bent U, Here?” vroeg ik. 16 En de Here antwoordde: “Ik ben Jezus, die u vervolgt. Maar kom, sta op. Ik heb Mij aan u vertoond om u in dienst te nemen. U moet de mensen vertellen wat u vandaag van Mij hebt gezien en wat Ik u nog zal laten zien. 17 Ik zal u bevrijden uit de handen van uw eigen volk en van de vreemde volken waar Ik u heen zal sturen. 18 U zult hen de ogen openen voor de toestand waarin zij verkeren, opdat zij zich van het duister naar het licht zullen keren en zich door God zullen laten regeren in plaats van door Satan. Door hun geloof in Mij zullen zij vergeving van hun zonden krijgen en zullen zij deel krijgen aan mijn Koninkrijk, samen met de mensen die bij Mij horen.” 19 Nu, koning Agrippa, ik heb gedaan wat mij in dat hemelse visioen is gezegd.

20 Ik ging eerst naar Damascus, toen naar Jeruzalem en heel Judea en daarna naar andere landen. Overal waar ik kwam, heb ik de mensen opgeroepen tot bekering, tot een leven met God, wat ook uit hun doen en laten zou moeten blijken. 21 Dat was de reden waarom de Joden mij in de tempel gevangen namen en daarna probeerden te vermoorden. 22 Maar God heeft mij geholpen, zodat ik vandaag in levende lijve voor u sta. Ik vertel groot en klein niets anders dan wat Mozes en de profeten hebben voorspeld. 23 Namelijk dat de Christus zou lijden en als eerste uit de dood zou terugkomen om te vertellen dat het reddende Licht voor Joden en niet-Joden schijnt.’

24 Terwijl Paulus met zijn verdediging bezig was, riep Festus ineens: ‘Het is u in uw hoofd geslagen, Paulus! Al dat gestudeer heeft u gek gemaakt!’ 25 Maar Paulus antwoordde: ‘Ik weet precies wat ik zeg, excellentie. Wat ik heb gezegd, is waar, zonder enige overdrijving. 26 De koning begrijpt wel wat ik bedoel. Met hem kan ik er open en eerlijk over spreken. Ik kan mij niet voorstellen dat al deze dingen aan zijn aandacht zijn ontsnapt. Zij zijn per slot van rekening niet ergens in een uithoek gebeurd. 27 Koning Agrippa! Gelooft u de profeten? Ja, ik weet dat u ze gelooft!’

28 ‘Wacht eens even,’ zei Agrippa. ‘U denkt toch niet dat u zomaar even een christen van mij kunt maken?’ 29 ‘Ik zou God wel willen vragen,’ antwoordde Paulus, ‘of niet alleen u, maar ook ieder die mij nu hoort, vroeg of laat zo zal worden als ik, zonder deze boeien natuurlijk.’

30 De koning, de gouverneur, Bernice en alle anderen stonden op en verlieten de aula. 31 Toen zij buiten waren, zeiden zij tegen elkaar: ‘Die man heeft niets gedaan waarop doodstraf of gevangenisstraf staat.’ 32 En de koning zei nog tegen Festus: ‘Als hij zich niet op de keizer beroepen had, zou hij nu vrij man zijn.’

Paul défend sa cause

26 Agrippa[a] dit à Paul : Tu as la parole : tu peux présenter ta défense.

Alors Paul étendit la main et présenta ainsi sa défense : Roi Agrippa ! Je m’estime heureux de pouvoir aujourd’hui me défendre devant toi de toutes les accusations que les Juifs ont portées contre moi, car tu connais parfaitement toutes leurs coutumes et leurs discussions. Veuille donc, je te prie, m’écouter avec patience.

Tous mes compatriotes savent comment j’ai vécu, dès ma jeunesse, au sein de mon peuple, à Jérusalem. Ils me connaissent depuis longtemps et ils peuvent témoigner, s’ils le veulent bien, que j’ai conduit ma vie selon les principes du parti le plus strict de notre religion : celui des pharisiens.

Et maintenant, si je suis traduit en justice, c’est à cause de mon espérance dans la promesse de Dieu à nos ancêtres. Nos douze tribus espèrent voir son accomplissement, en rendant leur culte à Dieu nuit et jour. Oui, c’est à cause de cette espérance que je suis mis en accusation, par des Juifs, ô roi ! Et pourtant ! trouvez-vous incroyable que Dieu puisse ressusciter des morts ?

Pour moi donc, j’ai d’abord pensé que je devais m’opposer par tous les moyens au nom de Jésus de Nazareth. 10 C’est ce que j’ai fait à Jérusalem : j’ai jeté en prison, en vertu des pouvoirs que j’avais reçus des chefs des prêtres, un grand nombre des membres du peuple saint et, lorsqu’il s’agissait de les condamner, j’ai voté leur mise à mort. 11 Je passais d’une synagogue à l’autre pour les faire punir et essayer de les contraindre à renier leur foi ; dans l’excès de ma fureur, j’allais les traquer jusque dans les villes étrangères.

12 C’est ainsi qu’un jour, muni des pleins pouvoirs que m’avaient accordés les chefs des prêtres en me donnant cette mission, je me suis rendu à Damas. 13 J’étais en chemin et il était environ midi. C’est alors, ô roi, que j’ai vu, venant du ciel, une lumière plus éclatante que celle du soleil. Elle m’enveloppait de son éclat ainsi que mes compagnons de voyage. 14 Nous sommes tous tombés à terre, et j’entendis une voix qui me disait en hébreu : « Saul, Saul, pourquoi me persécutes-tu ? Tu te blesses toi-même en te rebiffant contre l’aiguillon. »

15 Je demandai : « Qui es-tu, Seigneur ? »

Et le Seigneur dit : « Je suis, moi, Jésus, que tu persécutes. 16 Mais lève-toi, tiens-toi debout. Car je te suis apparu pour que tu sois mon serviteur, pour témoigner aux hommes que tu m’as vu[b] et leur dire ce que je te ferai encore voir par la suite. 17 Je t’ai choisi du milieu[c] du peuple juif et des non-Juifs, vers lesquels je t’envoie. 18 Tu devras leur ouvrir les yeux et les faire passer des ténèbres à la lumière et du pouvoir de Satan à Dieu pour qu’en croyant en moi, ils reçoivent le pardon de leurs péchés et une part d’héritage avec les membres du peuple saint. »

19 Ainsi, ô roi Agrippa, je n’ai pas désobéi à cette vision venue du ciel. 20 Mais je me suis adressé d’abord aux habitants de Damas et à ceux de Jérusalem, puis à ceux de toute la Judée, et enfin aux non-Juifs, et je leur ai annoncé qu’ils devaient changer, se convertir à Dieu et traduire ce changement par des actes. 21 Et c’est pour cette raison que les Juifs se sont emparés de moi dans la cour du Temple et qu’ils ont essayé de me tuer.

22 Mais j’ai été protégé par Dieu jusqu’à ce jour et je suis donc encore là pour apporter mon témoignage aux gens d’humble condition comme aux personnages importants. Et ce que je déclare, ce n’est rien d’autre que les événements dont les prophètes et Moïse ont annoncé l’accomplissement : 23 c’est-à-dire que le Messie souffrirait, et qu’il serait le premier à ressusciter pour annoncer la lumière du salut, non seulement au peuple juif, mais aussi aux non-Juifs.

L’avis du roi Agrippa

24 Paul en était là dans sa défense, quand Festus[d] s’écria : Tu es fou, Paul ! Ton grand savoir te fait perdre la tête !

25 – Non, Excellence, répondit Paul, je ne suis pas fou. Tout ce que je dis est vrai et sensé. 26 D’ailleurs, le roi Agrippa est au courant de ces faits – et c’est pour cela que je peux lui en parler avec assurance. Aucun de ces événements ne lui échappe, j’en suis sûr, car ce n’est pas en secret qu’ils se sont produits. 27 Crois-tu aux prophètes, roi Agrippa ? Oui, je le sais, tu y crois.

28 Alors Agrippa dit à Paul : Encore un peu et tu vas me persuader au point de faire de moi un chrétien[e] !

29 – Qu’il s’en faille de peu ou de beaucoup, reprit Paul, je prie Dieu que non seulement toi, mais encore tous ceux qui m’écoutent en cet instant, vous deveniez comme je suis moi-même, à l’exception de ces chaînes !

30 Là-dessus, le roi se leva, et le gouverneur, Bérénice, ainsi que tous ceux qui avaient siégé avec eux l’imitèrent. 31 En se retirant, ils se disaient les uns aux autres : Cet homme n’a rien fait qui mérite la mort ou la prison.

32 Et Agrippa dit à Festus : Il aurait pu être relâché s’il n’avait pas fait appel à l’empereur.

Footnotes

  1. 26.1 Agrippa: voir note 25.13.
  2. 26.16 Certains manuscrits ont : des choses que tu as vues.
  3. 26.17 Autre traduction : Je te délivrerai.
  4. 26.24 Festus: voir note 24.27.
  5. 26.28 Autres traductions : tu vas me persuader que tu vas faire de moi un chrétien, ou : tu vas me persuader de faire le chrétien. Certains manuscrits ont : tu vas bientôt me persuader de devenir chrétien.

26 Then Agrippa said to Paul, “You have permission to speak for yourself.”(A)

So Paul motioned with his hand(B) and began his defense: “King Agrippa, I consider myself fortunate to stand before you(C) today as I make my defense against all the accusations of the Jews,(D) and especially so because you are well acquainted with all the Jewish customs(E) and controversies.(F) Therefore, I beg you to listen to me patiently.

“The Jewish people all know the way I have lived ever since I was a child,(G) from the beginning of my life in my own country, and also in Jerusalem. They have known me for a long time(H) and can testify, if they are willing, that I conformed to the strictest sect(I) of our religion, living as a Pharisee.(J) And now it is because of my hope(K) in what God has promised our ancestors(L) that I am on trial today. This is the promise our twelve tribes(M) are hoping to see fulfilled as they earnestly serve God day and night.(N) King Agrippa, it is because of this hope that these Jews are accusing me.(O) Why should any of you consider it incredible that God raises the dead?(P)

“I too was convinced(Q) that I ought to do all that was possible to oppose(R) the name of Jesus of Nazareth.(S) 10 And that is just what I did in Jerusalem. On the authority of the chief priests I put many of the Lord’s people(T) in prison,(U) and when they were put to death, I cast my vote against them.(V) 11 Many a time I went from one synagogue to another to have them punished,(W) and I tried to force them to blaspheme. I was so obsessed with persecuting them that I even hunted them down in foreign cities.

12 “On one of these journeys I was going to Damascus with the authority and commission of the chief priests. 13 About noon, King Agrippa, as I was on the road, I saw a light from heaven, brighter than the sun, blazing around me and my companions. 14 We all fell to the ground, and I heard a voice(X) saying to me in Aramaic,[a](Y) ‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’

15 “Then I asked, ‘Who are you, Lord?’

‘I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting,’ the Lord replied. 16 ‘Now get up and stand on your feet.(Z) I have appeared to you to appoint you as a servant and as a witness of what you have seen and will see of me.(AA) 17 I will rescue you(AB) from your own people and from the Gentiles.(AC) I am sending you to them 18 to open their eyes(AD) and turn them from darkness to light,(AE) and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may receive forgiveness of sins(AF) and a place among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’(AG)

19 “So then, King Agrippa, I was not disobedient(AH) to the vision from heaven. 20 First to those in Damascus,(AI) then to those in Jerusalem(AJ) and in all Judea, and then to the Gentiles,(AK) I preached that they should repent(AL) and turn to God and demonstrate their repentance by their deeds.(AM) 21 That is why some Jews seized me(AN) in the temple courts and tried to kill me.(AO) 22 But God has helped me to this very day; so I stand here and testify to small and great alike. I am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would happen(AP) 23 that the Messiah would suffer(AQ) and, as the first to rise from the dead,(AR) would bring the message of light to his own people and to the Gentiles.”(AS)

24 At this point Festus interrupted Paul’s defense. “You are out of your mind,(AT) Paul!” he shouted. “Your great learning(AU) is driving you insane.”

25 “I am not insane, most excellent(AV) Festus,” Paul replied. “What I am saying is true and reasonable. 26 The king is familiar with these things,(AW) and I can speak freely to him. I am convinced that none of this has escaped his notice, because it was not done in a corner. 27 King Agrippa, do you believe the prophets? I know you do.”

28 Then Agrippa said to Paul, “Do you think that in such a short time you can persuade me to be a Christian?”(AX)

29 Paul replied, “Short time or long—I pray to God that not only you but all who are listening to me today may become what I am, except for these chains.”(AY)

30 The king rose, and with him the governor and Bernice(AZ) and those sitting with them. 31 After they left the room, they began saying to one another, “This man is not doing anything that deserves death or imprisonment.”(BA)

32 Agrippa said to Festus, “This man could have been set free(BB) if he had not appealed to Caesar.”(BC)

Footnotes

  1. Acts 26:14 Or Hebrew

26 Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Then Paul stretched forth the hand, and answered for himself:

I think myself happy, king Agrippa, because I shall answer for myself this day before thee touching all the things whereof I am accused of the Jews:

Especially because I know thee to be expert in all customs and questions which are among the Jews: wherefore I beseech thee to hear me patiently.

My manner of life from my youth, which was at the first among mine own nation at Jerusalem, know all the Jews;

Which knew me from the beginning, if they would testify, that after the most straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee.

And now I stand and am judged for the hope of the promise made of God, unto our fathers:

Unto which promise our twelve tribes, instantly serving God day and night, hope to come. For which hope's sake, king Agrippa, I am accused of the Jews.

Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead?

I verily thought with myself, that I ought to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth.

10 Which thing I also did in Jerusalem: and many of the saints did I shut up in prison, having received authority from the chief priests; and when they were put to death, I gave my voice against them.

11 And I punished them oft in every synagogue, and compelled them to blaspheme; and being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even unto strange cities.

12 Whereupon as I went to Damascus with authority and commission from the chief priests,

13 At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightness of the sun, shining round about me and them which journeyed with me.

14 And when we were all fallen to the earth, I heard a voice speaking unto me, and saying in the Hebrew tongue, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.

15 And I said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest.

16 But rise, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared unto thee for this purpose, to make thee a minister and a witness both of these things which thou hast seen, and of those things in the which I will appear unto thee;

17 Delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee,

18 To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.

19 Whereupon, O king Agrippa, I was not disobedient unto the heavenly vision:

20 But shewed first unto them of Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the coasts of Judaea, and then to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, and do works meet for repentance.

21 For these causes the Jews caught me in the temple, and went about to kill me.

22 Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come:

23 That Christ should suffer, and that he should be the first that should rise from the dead, and should shew light unto the people, and to the Gentiles.

24 And as he thus spake for himself, Festus said with a loud voice, Paul, thou art beside thyself; much learning doth make thee mad.

25 But he said, I am not mad, most noble Festus; but speak forth the words of truth and soberness.

26 For the king knoweth of these things, before whom also I speak freely: for I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from him; for this thing was not done in a corner.

27 King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets? I know that thou believest.

28 Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.

29 And Paul said, I would to God, that not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, were both almost, and altogether such as I am, except these bonds.

30 And when he had thus spoken, the king rose up, and the governor, and Bernice, and they that sat with them:

31 And when they were gone aside, they talked between themselves, saying, This man doeth nothing worthy of death or of bonds.

32 Then said Agrippa unto Festus, This man might have been set at liberty, if he had not appealed unto Caesar.

26 Agrippa said to Sha’ul, “You have permission to speak on your own behalf.” Then Sha’ul motioned with his hand and began his defense:

“King Agrippa, I consider myself fortunate that it is before you today that I am defending myself against all the charges made against me by Jews, because you are so well informed about all the Jewish customs and controversies. Therefore, I beg you to listen to me patiently.

“So then! All Jews know how I lived my life from my youth on, both in my own country and in Yerushalayim. They have known me for a long time; and if they are willing, they can testify that I have followed the strictest party in our religion — that is, I have lived as a Parush. How ironic it is that I stand on trial here because of my hope in the promise made to our fathers! It is the fulfillment of this very promise that our twelve tribes hope to attain, as they resolutely carry on their acts of worship night and day; yet it is in connection with this hope, your Majesty, that I am being accused by Jews! Why do you people consider it incredible that God raises the dead?

“I used to think it was my duty to do all I could to combat the name of Yeshua from Natzeret; 10 and in Yerushalayim I did so. After receiving authority from the head cohanim, I myself threw many of God’s people in prison; when they were put to death, I cast my vote against them. 11 Often I went from one synagogue to another, punishing them and trying to make them blaspheme; and in my wild fury against them, I even went so far as to persecute them in cities outside the country.

12 “On one such occasion, I was traveling to Dammesek with the full authority and power of the head cohanim. 13 I was on the road, and it was noon, your Majesty, when I saw a light from heaven, brighter than the sun, shining around me and my traveling companions. 14 We all fell to the ground; and then I heard a voice saying to me, in Hebrew, ‘Sha’ul! Sha’ul! Why do you keep persecuting me? It’s hard on you to be kicking against the ox-goads!’ 15 I said, ‘Who are you, sir?’ and the Lord answered, ‘I am Yeshua, and you are persecuting me! 16 But get up, and stand on your feet! I have appeared to you to appoint you to serve and bear witness to what you have already seen of me, and to what you will see when I appear to you in the future. 17 I will deliver you from the People and from the Goyim. I am sending you 18 to open their eyes; so that they will turn from darkness to light, from the power of the Adversary to God, and thus receive forgiveness of sins and a place among those who have been separated for holiness by putting their trust in me.’

19 “So, King Agrippa, I did not disobey the vision from heaven! 20 On the contrary, I announced first in Dammesek, then in Yerushalayim and throughout Y’hudah, and also to the Goyim, that they should turn from their sins to God and then do deeds consistent with that repentance. 21 It was because of these things that Jews seized me in the Temple and tried to kill me. 22 However, I have had God’s help; so to this day, I stand testifying to both small and great, saying nothing but what both the prophets and Moshe said would happen — 23 that the Messiah would die, and that he, as the first to rise from the dead, would proclaim light to both the People and the Goyim.”

24 But just as he reached this point in his defense, Festus shouted at the top of his voice, “Sha’ul, you’re out of your mind! So much learning is driving you crazy!”

25 But Sha’ul said, “No, I am not ‘crazy,’ Festus, your Excellency; on the contrary, I am speaking words of truth and sanity. 26 For the king understands these matters, so to him I express myself freely, because I am sure that none of these things have been hidden from him. After all, they didn’t happen in some back alley. 27 King Agrippa, do you believe the prophets? I know you believe!”

28 Agrippa said to Sha’ul, “In this short time, you’re trying to convince me to become Messianic?” 29 Sha’ul replied, “Whether it takes a short time or a long time, I wish to God that not only you, but also everyone hearing me today, might become just like me except for these chains!”

30 Then the king got up, and with him the governor and Bernice and the others sitting with them. 31 After they had left, they said to one another, “This man is doing nothing that deserves either death or prison.” 32 And Agrippa said to Festus, “If he hadn’t appealed to the Emperor, he could have been released.”