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Stefanus voor de Hoge Raad

De hogepriester vroeg: ‘Is het waar wat zij zeggen?’ Stefanus antwoordde: ‘Broeders en vaders van ons volk, luister! Toen Abraham nog in Mesopotamië woonde, verscheen God aan hem en zei: “Verlaat uw land en uw familie en ga naar het land, dat Ik u zal wijzen.” Hij trok weg uit zijn vaderland en ging naar Charan. Daar bleef hij wonen tot zijn vader, die met hem mee was gegaan, stierf. Daarna leidde God hem naar dit land, waar u nu woont. Maar God gaf hem er niets van in eigendom, nog geen meter. God beloofde het aan Abrahams nakomelingen te geven, hoewel hij nog steeds geen kinderen had. God zei: “Uw nakomelingen zullen vierhonderd jaar in een vreemd land wonen, ze zullen daar slaven zijn en slecht behandeld worden. Maar het volk dat hen onderdrukt, zal Ik straffen. Daarna zal uw volk wegtrekken en Mij hier op deze plaats dienen en eren.” God zei tegen Abraham dat hij en al zijn nakomelingen besneden moesten worden. Dat zou het teken zijn van Gods verbond met hem. Later werd zijn zoon Isaak geboren. Toen die acht dagen oud was, werd hij besneden. Hetzelfde deed Isaak later bij zijn zoon Jakob. En Jakob deed het ook weer bij zijn twaalf zonen, die de stamvaders van ons volk zijn.

Een van Jakobs zonen, Jozef, werd door zijn broers als slaaf verkocht, omdat ze jaloers waren. Jozef kwam in Egypte terecht, maar God liet hem niet aan zijn lot over. 10 Hij haalde hem telkens weer uit de moeilijkheden en gaf hem veel wijsheid. Daardoor kwam Jozef in de gunst bij de farao, de koning van Egypte, die hem aanstelde als gouverneur. Jozef kreeg het bestuur over heel Egypte en over de hofhouding van de farao. 11 In die tijd brak er in Egypte en Kanaän een zware hongersnood uit, zodat Jakob en zijn familie niets meer te eten hadden. 12 Jakob hoorde dat er in Egypte nog wel voedsel was te krijgen en stuurde zijn zonen er naar toe. Later stuurde hij hen nog eens. 13 Bij deze tweede keer vertelde Jozef dat hij hun broer was en hij stelde hen voor aan de farao.

14 Daarna liet Jozef zijn oude vader Jakob en zijn hele familie overkomen, bij elkaar vijfenzeventig mensen. 15 Jakob bleef in Egypte wonen en is daar ook gestorven. Ook zijn zonen hebben er tot hun dood gewoond. 16 Hun lichamen werden naar Sichem overgebracht en in het graf gelegd dat Abraham voor veel geld van de familie van Chamor had gekocht.

17 De tijd dat God zijn belofte aan Abraham zou waarmaken, kwam steeds dichterbij. Het volk werd in Egypte groter en groter. 18 Maar toen er een nieuwe koning kwam, die Jozef niet gekend had, zag het er niet best voor hen uit. 19 Op een sluwe manier wist die koning ons volk het leven zuur te maken. Hij verplichtte hen zelfs hun pasgeboren kinderen buiten neer te leggen, in weer en wind en aan hun lot over te laten, zodat het volk niet meer zou groeien. 20 In die tijd werd Mozes geboren. Hij was in Gods ogen een mooi kind en de eerste drie maanden werd hij door zijn ouders verzorgd. 21 Maar toen zij hem niet langer verborgen konden houden, legden zij hem te vondeling, waarna hij werd gevonden door de dochter van de farao. Zij nam hem aan en zorgde voor hem als haar eigen kind. 22 Hij kreeg een grondige opleiding in de Egyptische wetenschap en was krachtig in zijn handel en wandel.

23 Toen Mozes veertig jaar was, besloot hij te gaan kijken hoe het met de Israëlieten ging, die waren tenslotte zijn eigen volk. 24 Hij ging er naar toe en zag dat een van hen door een Egyptische opzichter mishandeld werd. Mozes nam het voor hem op en sloeg de Egyptenaar dood. 25 Hij dacht dat zijn volk wel zou begrijpen dat God hem had aangewezen om hen te bevrijden. Maar dat begrepen zij niet! 26 De volgende dag was Mozes er weer en zag twee Israëlieten met elkaar vechten. Hij probeerde hen te laten ophouden en zei: “Waarom doen jullie elkaar kwaad? Jullie zijn toch broeders!” 27 Maar de man die begonnen was, zei tegen Mozes: “Waar bemoeit u zich mee? Denkt u dat u onze leider en rechter bent? 28 Of wilt u mij soms ook doodslaan, zoals gisteren die Egyptenaar?” 29 Mozes schrok daar erg van en vluchtte het land uit. Hij ging in Midian wonen en kreeg daar twee zonen.

30 Veertig jaar later was Mozes op een dag in de woestijn bij de Sinaï en zag daar een engel van God in de vlammen van een brandende braamstruik. 31 Hij wist niet wat hij zag. Toen hij dichterbij kwam om het beter te kunnen bekijken, sprak God tegen hem. 32 “Ik ben de God van uw voorouders, de God van Abraham, Isaak en Jakob.” Mozes begon te beven van schrik en durfde niet meer te kijken. 33 God zei tegen hem: “Trek uw sandalen uit, want de grond waarop u staat, is heilig. 34 Ik heb gezien en gehoord hoe mijn volk in Egypte wordt onderdrukt en mishandeld, hoe het zucht van ellende. Ik ben gekomen om het te bevrijden. Daarom wil Ik u naar Egypte sturen.”

35 Mozes werd dus naar Egypte gestuurd om het volk van Israël te bevrijden, het volk dat niets van hem wilde weten. Hij zou de leider worden van de mensen die tegen hem hadden gezegd: “Denkt u soms dat u onze leider en rechter bent?” Door de engel die in de brandende braamstruik aan hem verscheen, gaf God hem daar de macht voor. 36 Mozes bracht het volk van Israël uit Egypte en deed opzienbarende dingen, grote wonderen, niet alleen in Egypte, maar ook bij de Schelfzee en in de woestijn waar hij veertig jaar met hen rondzwierf. 37 Deze Mozes zei tegen onze voorouders: “God zal uit uw midden een profeet laten opstaan, iemand zoals ik.” 38 Toen onze voorouders bij de berg Sinaï bijeen waren, ging hij de berg op en ontmoette daar de engel van God. Wat de engel tegen hem zei, moest hij aan het volk overbrengen. Dat waren woorden van leven, die aan u moesten worden doorgegeven. 39 Maar onze voorouders wilden Mozes niet gehoorzamen. Zij hadden er genoeg van achter hem aan te lopen en verlangden terug naar Egypte. 40 Terwijl Mozes op de berg Sinaï was, zeiden zij tegen zijn broer Aäron: “Maak goden voor ons die voor ons uit kunnen gaan. Want wij weten niet wat er met Mozes gebeurd is, die ons uit Egypte heeft geleid.” 41 Zij maakten een beeld in de vorm van een kalf. Toen het klaar was, legden zij er offers voor neer en vierden uitbundig feest. Zij genoten van wat ze hadden gemaakt. 42 God keerde Zich van hen af en liet hen hun gang gaan. Zij begonnen de zon, de maan en de sterren te vereren. Zo staat het bij de profeet Amos geschreven: “Zeg eens, volk van Israël, hebt u tijdens die veertig jaar in de woestijn dieren voor Mij geslacht? Hebt u Mij offers gebracht? 43 Nee, u had alleen maar aandacht voor andere goden. U hebt de tent van de god Moloch en het beeld van de sterregod Refan meegesjouwd. U hebt beelden vereerd die door uzelf waren gemaakt. Daarom zal Ik u wegvoeren naar verre streken, nog verder dan Babel.”

44 In de woestijn hadden onze voorouders de tabernakel met daarin Gods wetten. Mozes had die tabernakel in opdracht van God gemaakt, volgens het voorbeeld dat hij had gezien. 45 Later werd die tent door ons volk hier gebracht. Dat gebeurde toen het onder leiding van Jozua het land had ingenomen en alle inwoners eruit had verjaagd. Ons volk heeft de tent bij zich gehad tot in de dagen van David, 46 een man die bij God in de gunst stond. David vroeg of hij voor God een huis mocht bouwen, een vast onderdak te midden van het volk van Israël. 47 Zijn zoon Salomo bouwde een huis voor God, 48 maar de Allerhoogste God woont niet in een gebouw dat door mensen gemaakt is. Door de profeet Jesaja zei Hij: 49 “De hemel is mijn troon en de aarde is mijn voetenbank. Wat voor tempel kunt u dan voor Mij bouwen die Mij tot een huis zou kunnen zijn om daarin te wonen? 50 Ik heb de hele wereld gemaakt!”

51 Halsstarrige heidenen! U verzet zich altijd tegen de Heilige Geest. U bent geen haar beter dan uw voorouders. 52 Welke profeet werd door hen niet vervolgd? Zij hebben de mannen gedood die de komst van de Christus aankondigden. En nu is de Christus door u verraden en vermoord, 53 door u die Gods wet uit de hand van de engel hebt ontvangen, maar u er niet aan gehouden hebt.’

54 Toen de Joden in de rechtszaal dát hoorden, waren zij diep gegriefd en knarsetandden zij van woede. 55 Maar Stefanus schonk geen aandacht meer aan hen. Hij was vol van de Heilige Geest, keek omhoog en zag de schitterende heerlijkheid van God. Ook zag hij Jezus aan de rechterhand van God. 56 Hij riep uit: ‘Ik kan de hemel zien! Ik zie de Mensenzoon aan de rechterhand van God!’

57 De Joden konden zich niet langer inhouden en schreeuwden van woede. Zij stopten hun vingers in hun oren en stormden allemaal tegelijk op hem af. 58 Zij sleurden hem de stad uit om hem te stenigen. De getuigen trokken hun mantels uit en legden die neer bij een toeschouwer, een jonge man die Saulus heette. 59 Terwijl de stenen hem troffen, bad Stefanus: ‘Here Jezus, neem mijn geest bij U.’ 60 Hij viel op zijn knieën en riep: ‘Here, reken hun dit kwaad niet toe!’ Met deze woorden op de lippen stierf hij.

Stephen’s Speech to the Sanhedrin

Then the high priest asked Stephen, “Are these charges true?”

To this he replied: “Brothers and fathers,(A) listen to me! The God of glory(B) appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Harran.(C) ‘Leave your country and your people,’ God said, ‘and go to the land I will show you.’[a](D)

“So he left the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Harran. After the death of his father, God sent him to this land where you are now living.(E) He gave him no inheritance here,(F) not even enough ground to set his foot on. But God promised him that he and his descendants after him would possess the land,(G) even though at that time Abraham had no child. God spoke to him in this way: ‘For four hundred years your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated.(H) But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves,’ God said, ‘and afterward they will come out of that country and worship me in this place.’[b](I) Then he gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision.(J) And Abraham became the father of Isaac and circumcised him eight days after his birth.(K) Later Isaac became the father of Jacob,(L) and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.(M)

“Because the patriarchs were jealous of Joseph,(N) they sold him as a slave into Egypt.(O) But God was with him(P) 10 and rescued him from all his troubles. He gave Joseph wisdom and enabled him to gain the goodwill of Pharaoh king of Egypt. So Pharaoh made him ruler over Egypt and all his palace.(Q)

11 “Then a famine struck all Egypt and Canaan, bringing great suffering, and our ancestors could not find food.(R) 12 When Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our forefathers on their first visit.(S) 13 On their second visit, Joseph told his brothers who he was,(T) and Pharaoh learned about Joseph’s family.(U) 14 After this, Joseph sent for his father Jacob and his whole family,(V) seventy-five in all.(W) 15 Then Jacob went down to Egypt, where he and our ancestors died.(X) 16 Their bodies were brought back to Shechem and placed in the tomb that Abraham had bought from the sons of Hamor at Shechem for a certain sum of money.(Y)

17 “As the time drew near for God to fulfill his promise to Abraham, the number of our people in Egypt had greatly increased.(Z) 18 Then ‘a new king, to whom Joseph meant nothing, came to power in Egypt.’[c](AA) 19 He dealt treacherously with our people and oppressed our ancestors by forcing them to throw out their newborn babies so that they would die.(AB)

20 “At that time Moses was born, and he was no ordinary child.[d] For three months he was cared for by his family.(AC) 21 When he was placed outside, Pharaoh’s daughter took him and brought him up as her own son.(AD) 22 Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians(AE) and was powerful in speech and action.

23 “When Moses was forty years old, he decided to visit his own people, the Israelites. 24 He saw one of them being mistreated by an Egyptian, so he went to his defense and avenged him by killing the Egyptian. 25 Moses thought that his own people would realize that God was using him to rescue them, but they did not. 26 The next day Moses came upon two Israelites who were fighting. He tried to reconcile them by saying, ‘Men, you are brothers; why do you want to hurt each other?’

27 “But the man who was mistreating the other pushed Moses aside and said, ‘Who made you ruler and judge over us?(AF) 28 Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?’[e] 29 When Moses heard this, he fled to Midian, where he settled as a foreigner and had two sons.(AG)

30 “After forty years had passed, an angel appeared to Moses in the flames of a burning bush in the desert near Mount Sinai. 31 When he saw this, he was amazed at the sight. As he went over to get a closer look, he heard the Lord say:(AH) 32 ‘I am the God of your fathers,(AI) the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.’[f] Moses trembled with fear and did not dare to look.(AJ)

33 “Then the Lord said to him, ‘Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.(AK) 34 I have indeed seen the oppression of my people in Egypt. I have heard their groaning and have come down to set them free. Now come, I will send you back to Egypt.’[g](AL)

35 “This is the same Moses they had rejected with the words, ‘Who made you ruler and judge?’(AM) He was sent to be their ruler and deliverer by God himself, through the angel who appeared to him in the bush. 36 He led them out of Egypt(AN) and performed wonders and signs(AO) in Egypt, at the Red Sea(AP) and for forty years in the wilderness.(AQ)

37 “This is the Moses who told the Israelites, ‘God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your own people.’[h](AR) 38 He was in the assembly in the wilderness, with the angel(AS) who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our ancestors;(AT) and he received living words(AU) to pass on to us.(AV)

39 “But our ancestors refused to obey him. Instead, they rejected him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt.(AW) 40 They told Aaron, ‘Make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who led us out of Egypt—we don’t know what has happened to him!’[i](AX) 41 That was the time they made an idol in the form of a calf. They brought sacrifices to it and reveled in what their own hands had made.(AY) 42 But God turned away from them(AZ) and gave them over to the worship of the sun, moon and stars.(BA) This agrees with what is written in the book of the prophets:

“‘Did you bring me sacrifices and offerings
    forty years in the wilderness, people of Israel?
43 You have taken up the tabernacle of Molek
    and the star of your god Rephan,
    the idols you made to worship.
Therefore I will send you into exile’[j](BB) beyond Babylon.

44 “Our ancestors had the tabernacle of the covenant law(BC) with them in the wilderness. It had been made as God directed Moses, according to the pattern he had seen.(BD) 45 After receiving the tabernacle, our ancestors under Joshua brought it with them when they took the land from the nations God drove out before them.(BE) It remained in the land until the time of David,(BF) 46 who enjoyed God’s favor and asked that he might provide a dwelling place for the God of Jacob.[k](BG) 47 But it was Solomon who built a house for him.(BH)

48 “However, the Most High(BI) does not live in houses made by human hands.(BJ) As the prophet says:

49 “‘Heaven is my throne,
    and the earth is my footstool.(BK)
What kind of house will you build for me?
says the Lord.
    Or where will my resting place be?
50 Has not my hand made all these things?’[l](BL)

51 “You stiff-necked people!(BM) Your hearts(BN) and ears are still uncircumcised. You are just like your ancestors: You always resist the Holy Spirit! 52 Was there ever a prophet your ancestors did not persecute?(BO) They even killed those who predicted the coming of the Righteous One. And now you have betrayed and murdered him(BP) 53 you who have received the law that was given through angels(BQ) but have not obeyed it.”

The Stoning of Stephen

54 When the members of the Sanhedrin heard this, they were furious(BR) and gnashed their teeth at him. 55 But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit,(BS) looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God.(BT) 56 “Look,” he said, “I see heaven open(BU) and the Son of Man(BV) standing at the right hand of God.”

57 At this they covered their ears and, yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushed at him, 58 dragged him out of the city(BW) and began to stone him.(BX) Meanwhile, the witnesses(BY) laid their coats(BZ) at the feet of a young man named Saul.(CA)

59 While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.”(CB) 60 Then he fell on his knees(CC) and cried out, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them.”(CD) When he had said this, he fell asleep.(CE)

Footnotes

  1. Acts 7:3 Gen. 12:1
  2. Acts 7:7 Gen. 15:13,14
  3. Acts 7:18 Exodus 1:8
  4. Acts 7:20 Or was fair in the sight of God
  5. Acts 7:28 Exodus 2:14
  6. Acts 7:32 Exodus 3:6
  7. Acts 7:34 Exodus 3:5,7,8,10
  8. Acts 7:37 Deut. 18:15
  9. Acts 7:40 Exodus 32:1
  10. Acts 7:43 Amos 5:25-27 (see Septuagint)
  11. Acts 7:46 Some early manuscripts the house of Jacob
  12. Acts 7:50 Isaiah 66:1,2

Then said the high priest, Are these things so?

And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran,

And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee.

Then came he out of the land of the Chaldaeans, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell.

And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.

And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.

And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.

And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs.

And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him,

10 And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.

11 Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.

12 But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.

13 And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph's kindred was made known unto Pharaoh.

14 Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.

15 So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers,

16 And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of Sychem.

17 But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,

18 Till another king arose, which knew not Joseph.

19 The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.

20 In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and nourished up in his father's house three months:

21 And when he was cast out, Pharaoh's daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.

22 And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.

23 And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.

24 And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian:

25 For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.

26 And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?

27 But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?

28 Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?

29 Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons.

30 And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.

31 When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the Lord came unto him,

32 Saying, I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and durst not behold.

33 Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for the place where thou standest is holy ground.

34 I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt.

35 This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.

36 He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years.

37 This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear.

38 This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:

39 To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,

40 Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.

41 And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.

42 Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness?

43 Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.

44 Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.

45 Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drave out before the face of our fathers, unto the days of David;

46 Who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob.

47 But Solomon built him an house.

48 Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,

49 Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?

50 Hath not my hand made all these things?

51 Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.

52 Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers:

53 Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it.

54 When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.

55 But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

56 And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.

57 Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord,

58 And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul.

59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.

60 And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.