Add parallel Print Page Options

4. LA FESTA DELLE CAPANNE (LA GRANDE RIVELAZIONE MESSIANICA IL GRANDE RIFIUTO)

Gesù sale a Gerusalemme per la festa e insegna

Dopo questi fatti Gesù se ne andava per la Galilea; infatti non voleva più andare per la Giudea, perché i Giudei cercavano di ucciderlo.

Si avvicinava intanto la festa dei Giudei, detta delle Capanne; i suoi fratelli gli dissero: «Parti di qui e và nella Giudea perché anche i tuoi discepoli vedano le opere che tu fai. Nessuno infatti agisce di nascosto, se vuole venire riconosciuto pubblicamente. Se fai tali cose, manifèstati al mondo!». Neppure i suoi fratelli infatti credevano in lui. Gesù allora disse loro: «Il mio tempo non è ancora venuto, il vostro invece è sempre pronto. Il mondo non può odiare voi, ma odia me, perché di lui io attesto che le sue opere sono cattive. Andate voi a questa festa; io non ci vado, perché il mio tempo non è ancora compiuto». Dette loro queste cose, restò nella Galilea.

10 Ma andati i suoi fratelli alla festa, allora vi andò anche lui; non apertamente però: di nascosto. 11 I Giudei intanto lo cercavano durante la festa e dicevano: «Dov'è quel tale?». 12 E si faceva sommessamente un gran parlare di lui tra la folla; gli uni infatti dicevano: «E' buono!». Altri invece: «No, inganna la gente!». 13 Nessuno però ne parlava in pubblico, per paura dei Giudei.

14 Quando ormai si era a metà della festa, Gesù salì al tempio e vi insegnava. 15 I Giudei ne erano stupiti e dicevano: «Come mai costui conosce le Scritture, senza avere studiato?». 16 Gesù rispose: «La mia dottrina non è mia, ma di colui che mi ha mandato. 17 Chi vuol fare la sua volontà, conoscerà se questa dottrina viene da Dio, o se io parlo da me stesso. 18 Chi parla da se stesso, cerca la propria gloria; ma chi cerca la gloria di colui che l'ha mandato è veritiero, e in lui non c'è ingiustizia. 19 Non è stato forse Mosè a darvi la Legge? Eppure nessuno di voi osserva la Legge! Perché cercate di uccidermi?». 20 Rispose la folla: «Tu hai un demonio! Chi cerca di ucciderti?». 21 Rispose Gesù: «Un'opera sola ho compiuto, e tutti ne siete stupiti. 22 Mosè vi ha dato la circoncisione - non che essa venga da Mosè, ma dai patriarchi - e voi circoncidete un uomo anche di sabato. 23 Ora se un uomo riceve la circoncisione di sabato perché non sia trasgredita la Legge di Mosè, voi vi sdegnate contro di me perché ho guarito interamente un uomo di sabato? 24 Non giudicate secondo le apparenze, ma giudicate con giusto giudizio!».

Discussioni popolari sull'origine del Cristo

25 Intanto alcuni di Gerusalemme dicevano: «Non è costui quello che cercano di uccidere? 26 Ecco, egli parla liberamente, e non gli dicono niente. Che forse i capi abbiano riconosciuto davvero che egli è il Cristo? 27 Ma costui sappiamo di dov'è; il Cristo invece, quando verrà, nessuno saprà di dove sia». 28 Gesù allora, mentre insegnava nel tempio, esclamò: «Certo, voi mi conoscete e sapete di dove sono. Eppure io non sono venuto da me e chi mi ha mandato è veritiero, e voi non lo conoscete. 29 Io però lo conosco, perché vengo da lui ed egli mi ha mandato». 30 Allora cercarono di arrestarlo, ma nessuno riuscì a mettergli le mani addosso, perché non era ancora giunta la sua ora.

Gesù annunzia la sua prossima partenza

31 Molti della folla invece credettero in lui, e dicevano: «Il Cristo, quando verrà, potrà fare segni più grandi di quelli che ha fatto costui?».

32 I farisei intanto udirono che la gente sussurrava queste cose di lui e perciò i sommi sacerdoti e i farisei mandarono delle guardie per arrestarlo. 33 Gesù disse: «Per poco tempo ancora rimango con voi, poi vado da colui che mi ha mandato. 34 Voi mi cercherete, e non mi troverete; e dove sono io, voi non potrete venire». 35 Dissero dunque tra loro i Giudei: «Dove mai sta per andare costui, che noi non potremo trovarlo? Andrà forse da quelli che sono dispersi fra i Greci e ammaestrerà i Greci? 36 Che discorso è questo che ha fatto: Mi cercherete e non mi troverete e dove sono io voi non potrete venire?».

La promessa dell'acqua viva

37 Nell'ultimo giorno, il grande giorno della festa, Gesù levatosi in piedi esclamò ad alta voce: «Chi ha sete venga a me e beva 38 chi crede in me; come dice la Scrittura: fiumi di acqua viva sgorgheranno dal suo seno». 39 Questo egli disse riferendosi allo Spirito che avrebbero ricevuto i credenti in lui: infatti non c'era ancora lo Spirito, perché Gesù non era stato ancora glorificato.

Nuove discussioni sull'origine del Cristo

40 All'udire queste parole, alcuni fra la gente dicevano: «Questi è davvero il profeta!». 41 Altri dicevano: «Questi è il Cristo!». Altri invece dicevano: «Il Cristo viene forse dalla Galilea? 42 Non dice forse la Scrittura che il Cristo verrà dalla stirpe di Davide e da Betlemme, il villaggio di Davide?». 43 E nacque dissenso tra la gente riguardo a lui.

44 Alcuni di loro volevano arrestarlo, ma nessuno gli mise le mani addosso. 45 Le guardie tornarono quindi dai sommi sacerdoti e dai farisei e questi dissero loro: «Perché non lo avete condotto?». 46 Risposero le guardie: «Mai un uomo ha parlato come parla quest'uomo!». 47 Ma i farisei replicarono loro: «Forse vi siete lasciati ingannare anche voi? 48 Forse gli ha creduto qualcuno fra i capi, o fra i farisei? 49 Ma questa gente, che non conosce la Legge, è maledetta!». 50 Disse allora Nicodèmo, uno di loro, che era venuto precedentemente da Gesù: 51 «La nostra Legge giudica forse un uomo prima di averlo ascoltato e di sapere ciò che fa?». 52 Gli risposero: «Sei forse anche tu della Galilea? Studia e vedrai che non sorge profeta dalla Galilea».

La donna adultera

53 E tornarono ciascuno a casa sua.

耶穌的弟弟不信祂

之後,耶穌周遊加利利,不願去猶太地區,因為猶太人想要殺祂。 猶太人的住棚節快到了, 耶穌的弟弟們對祂說:「離開這裡,去猶太過節吧,好讓你的門徒在那裡也看見你所做的啊! 因為人想出名,都不會暗地裡行事,你既然可以做這些事,就把自己顯給世人看吧!」 原來連祂的弟弟們也不信祂。

耶穌對他們說:「我的時候還沒有到,你們什麼時候都很方便。 世人不會恨你們,只會恨我,因為我指證他們行為邪惡。 你們先去過節吧,我現在還不上去,因為我的時候還沒有到。」 耶穌說完這些話,仍留在加利利。

耶穌過住棚節

10 他們走了以後,耶穌避開了人們的注意,暗地裡上去過節。 11 節期到了,猶太人到處查問:「耶穌在哪裡?」

12 眾人對祂議論紛紛,有些人說:「祂是好人,」有些說:「不,祂欺騙民眾。」 13 不過,沒有人敢公開議論祂的事,因為害怕猶太人。

14 節期約過了一半,耶穌來到聖殿教導人。 15 猶太人感到驚奇,說:「這個人沒有受過教育,怎麼懂得這麼多呢?」

16 耶穌說:「我的教導不是出於我自己,而是出於差我來的那位。 17 如果你們願意遵行上帝的旨意,就能分辨這些教導是出於上帝,還是出於我自己。 18 憑自己講論的人是要尋求自己的榮耀,但人子真實無偽,毫無不義,祂是為了使差祂來的那位得榮耀。 19 摩西不是把律法傳給了你們嗎?你們卻沒有一個人遵守。為什麼想要殺我呢?」

20 眾人回答說:「你一定是被鬼附身了!誰要殺你啊?」

21 耶穌說:「我行了一件神蹟,你們都感到驚奇。 22 摩西把割禮傳給你們,你們也在安息日行割禮。其實割禮不是摩西定的,而是從祖先們的時代就有了。 23 為了避免違背摩西的律法,行割禮的那一天就算是安息日,你們還是照行。那麼,我在安息日使一個病人完全康復,你們為什麼責怪我呢? 24 不要根據外表來斷定是非,要按公義的原則判斷。」

耶穌是基督嗎

25 有些住在耶路撒冷的人說:「這不是他們要殺的那個人嗎? 26 你看祂這樣公開講道,居然沒有人說什麼,難道官長也真的認為祂是基督嗎? 27 可是基督來的時候,根本沒有人知道祂從哪裡來,我們卻知道這個人是從哪裡來的。」

28 於是,耶穌在聖殿裡高聲教導人說:「你們知道我是誰,也知道我是從哪裡來的。其實我來不是出於自己的意思,差我來的那位是真實的,你們不認識祂。 29 但我認識祂,因為我是從祂那裡來的,差我來的就是祂。」 30 他們聽了,想捉拿耶穌,只是沒有人下手,因為祂的時候還沒有到。

31 人群中有許多人信了耶穌,他們說:「基督來的時候所行的神蹟,難道會比這個人行得更多嗎?」

32 法利賽人聽見眾人這樣議論耶穌,就聯合祭司長派差役去抓祂。 33 耶穌對眾人說:「我暫時還會跟你們在一起,不久我要回到差我來的那位那裡。 34 那時你們要找我卻找不到,你們也不能去我所在的地方。」

35 猶太人彼此議論說:「祂要去哪裡使我們找不著呢?難道祂要到我們猶太人僑居的希臘各地去教導希臘人嗎? 36 祂說我們找不到祂,又不能去祂所在的地方,是什麼意思?」

活水的江河

37 節期最後一天,也是整個節期的高潮,耶穌站起來高聲說:「人若渴了,可以到我這裡來喝。 38 正如聖經所言,信我的人,『從他裡面要流出活水的江河來』。」 39 耶穌這話是指信祂的人要得到聖靈,但當時聖靈還沒有降臨,因為耶穌還沒有得到榮耀。

40 聽見這些話後,有些人說:「祂真是那位先知。」 41 也有些人說:「祂是基督。」還有些人說:「不會吧,基督怎麼會出自加利利呢? 42 聖經上不是說基督是大衛的後裔,要降生在大衛的故鄉伯利恆嗎?」 43 眾人因為對耶穌的看法不同,就起了紛爭。 44 有些人想抓祂,只是沒有人下手。

猶太官長不信耶穌

45 祭司長和法利賽人看見差役空手回來,就問:「你們為什麼不把祂帶來呢?」

46 差役答道:「從未有人像祂那樣說話!」

47 法利賽人說:「難道你們也被祂迷惑了嗎? 48 哪有官長和法利賽人信祂呢? 49 這群不明白律法的民眾該受咒詛!」

50 曾經夜訪耶穌、屬於他們當中一員的尼哥德慕說: 51 「難道不聽被告申辯,不查明事實真相,我們的律法就定祂的罪嗎?」

52 他們回答說:「難道你也是加利利人嗎?你去查查看,就會知道沒有先知是從加利利來的。」

Chapter 7

The Feast of Tabernacles. [a]After this, Jesus moved about within Galilee; but he did not wish to travel in Judea, because the Jews were trying to kill him.(A) But the Jewish feast of Tabernacles was near.(B) So his brothers[b] said to him, “Leave here and go to Judea, so that your disciples also may see the works you are doing. No one works in secret if he wants to be known publicly. If you do these things, manifest yourself to the world.”(C) For his brothers did not believe in him. [c]So Jesus said to them, “My time is not yet here, but the time is always right for you. The world cannot hate you, but it hates me, because I testify to it that its works are evil.(D) You go up to the feast. I am not going up[d] to this feast, because my time has not yet been fulfilled.” After he had said this, he stayed on in Galilee.

10 But when his brothers had gone up to the feast, he himself also went up, not openly but [as it were] in secret. 11 The Jews were looking for him at the feast and saying, “Where is he?” 12 And there was considerable murmuring about him in the crowds. Some said, “He is a good man,” [while] others said, “No; on the contrary, he misleads the crowd.” 13 Still, no one spoke openly about him because they were afraid of the Jews.(E)

The First Dialogue.[e] 14 When the feast was already half over, Jesus went up into the temple area and began to teach. 15 [f](F)The Jews were amazed and said, “How does he know scripture without having studied?” 16 Jesus answered them and said, “My teaching is not my own but is from the one who sent me. 17 Whoever chooses to do his will[g] shall know whether my teaching is from God or whether I speak on my own.(G) 18 Whoever speaks on his own seeks his own glory, but whoever seeks the glory of the one who sent him is truthful, and there is no wrong in him. 19 Did not Moses give you the law? Yet none of you keeps the law. Why are you trying to kill me?”(H) 20 The crowd answered, “You are possessed![h] Who is trying to kill you?”(I) 21 Jesus answered and said to them, “I performed one work[i] and all of you are amazed(J) 22 because of it. Moses gave you circumcision—not that it came from Moses but rather from the patriarchs—and you circumcise a man on the sabbath.(K) 23 If a man can receive circumcision on a sabbath so that the law of Moses may not be broken, are you angry with me because I made a whole person well on a sabbath?(L) 24 Stop judging by appearances, but judge justly.”(M)

25 So some of the inhabitants of Jerusalem said, “Is he not the one they are trying to kill? 26 And look, he is speaking openly and they say nothing to him. Could the authorities[j] have realized that he is the Messiah? 27 But we know where he is from. When the Messiah comes, no one will know where he is from.”(N) 28 So Jesus cried out in the temple area as he was teaching and said, “You know me and also know where I am from. Yet I did not come on my own, but the one who sent me, whom you do not know, is true.(O) 29 I know him, because I am from him, and he sent me.”(P) 30 So they tried to arrest him, but no one laid a hand upon him, because his hour had not yet come.(Q) 31 But many of the crowd began to believe in him, and said, “When the Messiah comes, will he perform more signs than this man has done?”(R)

Officers Sent to Arrest Jesus.[k] 32 The Pharisees heard the crowd murmuring about him to this effect, and the chief priests and the Pharisees sent guards to arrest him. 33 So Jesus said, “I will be with you only a little while longer, and then I will go to the one who sent me.(S) 34 You will look for me but not find [me], and where I am you cannot come.”(T) 35 So the Jews said to one another, “Where is he going that we will not find him? Surely he is not going to the dispersion[l] among the Greeks to teach the Greeks, is he? 36 What is the meaning of his saying, ‘You will look for me and not find [me], and where I am you cannot come’?”

Rivers of Living Water.[m] 37 On the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood up and exclaimed, “Let anyone who thirsts come to me and drink.(U) 38 Whoever believes in me, as scripture says:

‘Rivers of living water[n] will flow from within him.’”(V)

39 He said this in reference to the Spirit that those who came to believe in him were to receive. There was, of course, no Spirit yet,[o] because Jesus had not yet been glorified.(W)

Discussion About the Origins of the Messiah.[p] 40 Some in the crowd who heard these words said, “This is truly the Prophet.”(X) 41 Others said, “This is the Messiah.” But others said, “The Messiah will not come from Galilee, will he? 42 Does not scripture say that the Messiah will be of David’s family and come from Bethlehem, the village where David lived?”(Y) 43 So a division occurred in the crowd because of him. 44 Some of them even wanted to arrest him, but no one laid hands on him.

45 So the guards went to the chief priests and Pharisees, who asked them, “Why did you not bring him?” 46 The guards answered, “Never before has anyone spoken like this one.” 47 So the Pharisees answered them, “Have you also been deceived? 48 Have any of the authorities or the Pharisees believed in him?(Z) 49 But this crowd, which does not know the law, is accursed.” 50 Nicodemus, one of their members who had come to him earlier, said to them,(AA) 51 “Does our law condemn a person before it first hears him and finds out what he is doing?”(AB) 52 They answered and said to him, “You are not from Galilee also, are you? Look and see that no prophet arises from Galilee.”

Chapter 8

A Woman Caught in Adultery.[q] [53 Then each went to his own house,

Footnotes

  1. 7–8 These chapters contain events about the feast of Tabernacles (Sukkoth, Ingathering: Ex 23:16; Tents, Booths: Dt 16:13–16), with its symbols of booths (originally built to shelter harvesters), rain (water from Siloam poured on the temple altar), and lights (illumination of the four torches in the Court of the Women). They continue the theme of the replacement of feasts (Passover, Jn 2:13; 6:4; Hanukkah, Jn 10:22; Pentecost, Jn 5:1), here accomplished by Jesus as the Living Water. These chapters comprise seven miscellaneous controversies and dialogues. There is a literary inclusion with Jesus in hiding in Jn 7:4, 10; 8:59. There are frequent references to attempts on his life: Jn 7:1, 13, 19, 25, 30, 32, 44; 8:37, 40, 59.
  2. 7:3 Brothers: these relatives (cf. Jn 2:12 and see note on Mk 6:3) are never portrayed as disciples until after the resurrection (Acts 1:14). Mt 13:55 and Mk 6:3 give the names of four of them. Jesus has already performed works/signs in Judea; cf. Jn 2:23; 3:2; 4:45; 5:8.
  3. 7:6 Time: the Greek word means “opportune time,” here a synonym for Jesus’ “hour” (see note on Jn 2:4), his death and resurrection. In the wordplay, any time is suitable for Jesus’ brothers, because they are not dependent on God’s will.
  4. 7:8 I am not going up: an early attested reading “not yet” seems a correction, since Jesus in the story does go up to the feast. “Go up,” in a play on words, refers not only to going up to Jerusalem but also to exaltation at the cross, resurrection, and ascension; cf. Jn 3:14; 6:62; 20:17.
  5. 7:14–31 Jesus teaches in the temple; debate with the Jews.
  6. 7:15 Without having studied: literally, “How does he know letters without having learned?” Children were taught to read and write by means of the scriptures. But here more than Jesus’ literacy is being discussed; the people are wondering how he can teach like a rabbi. Rabbis were trained by other rabbis and traditionally quoted their teachers.
  7. 7:17 To do his will: presumably a reference back to the “work” of Jn 6:29: belief in the one whom God has sent.
  8. 7:20 You are possessed: literally, “You have a demon.” The insane were thought to be possessed by a demoniacal spirit.
  9. 7:21 One work: the cure of the paralytic (Jn 5:1–9) because of the reference to the sabbath (Jn 7:22; 5:9–10).
  10. 7:26 The authorities: the members of the Sanhedrin (same term as Jn 3:1).
  11. 7:32–36 Jesus announces his approaching departure (cf. also Jn 8:21; 12:36; 13:33) and complete control over his destiny.
  12. 7:35 Dispersion: or “diaspora”: Jews living outside Palestine. Greeks: probably refers to the Gentiles in the Mediterranean area; cf. Jn 12:20.
  13. 7:37, 39 Promise of living water through the Spirit.
  14. 7:38 Living water: not an exact quotation from any Old Testament passage; in the gospel context the gift of the Spirit is meant; cf. Jn 3:5. From within him: either Jesus or the believer; if Jesus, it continues the Jesus-Moses motif (water from the rock, Ex 17:6; Nm 20:11) as well as Jesus as the new temple (cf. Ez 47:1). Grammatically, it goes better with the believer.
  15. 7:39 No Spirit yet: Codex Vaticanus and early Latin, Syriac, and Coptic versions add “given.” In this gospel, the sending of the Spirit cannot take place until Jesus’ glorification through his death, resurrection, and ascension; cf. Jn 20:22.
  16. 7:40–53 Discussion of the Davidic lineage of the Messiah.
  17. 7:53–8:11 The story of the woman caught in adultery is a later insertion here, missing from all early Greek manuscripts. A Western text-type insertion, attested mainly in Old Latin translations, it is found in different places in different manuscripts: here, or after Jn 7:36 or at the end of this gospel, or after Lk 21:38, or at the end of that gospel. There are many non-Johannine features in the language, and there are also many doubtful readings within the passage. The style and motifs are similar to those of Luke, and it fits better with the general situation at the end of Lk 21, but it was probably inserted here because of the allusion to Jer 17:13 (cf. note on Jn 8:6) and the statement, “I do not judge anyone,” in Jn 8:15. The Catholic Church accepts this passage as canonical scripture.