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49 Jacob called to his sons, and said: “Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which will happen to you in the days to come.

Assemble yourselves, and hear, you sons of Jacob.
    Listen to Israel, your father.

“Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength,
    excelling in dignity, and excelling in power.
Boiling over like water, you shall not excel,
    because you went up to your father’s bed,
    then defiled it. He went up to my couch.

“Simeon and Levi are brothers.
    Their swords are weapons of violence.
My soul, don’t come into their council.
    My glory, don’t be united to their assembly;
for in their anger they killed men.
    In their self-will they hamstrung cattle.
Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce;
    and their wrath, for it was cruel.
I will divide them in Jacob,
    and scatter them in Israel.

“Judah, your brothers will praise you.
    Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies.
    Your father’s sons will bow down before you.
Judah is a lion’s cub.
    From the prey, my son, you have gone up.
He stooped down, he crouched as a lion,
    as a lioness.
    Who will rouse him up?
10 The scepter will not depart from Judah,
    nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet,
until he comes to whom it belongs.
    The obedience of the peoples will be to him.
11 Binding his foal to the vine,
    his donkey’s colt to the choice vine,
he has washed his garments in wine,
    his robes in the blood of grapes.
12 His eyes will be red with wine,
    his teeth white with milk.

13 “Zebulun will dwell at the haven of the sea.
    He will be for a haven of ships.
    His border will be on Sidon.

14 “Issachar is a strong donkey,
    lying down between the saddlebags.
15 He saw a resting place, that it was good,
    the land, that it was pleasant.
He bows his shoulder to the burden,
    and becomes a servant doing forced labor.

16 “Dan will judge his people,
    as one of the tribes of Israel.
17 Dan will be a serpent on the trail,
    an adder in the path,
that bites the horse’s heels,
    so that his rider falls backward.
18 I have waited for your salvation, Yahweh.

19 “A troop will press on Gad,
    but he will press on their heel.

20 “Asher’s food will be rich.
    He will produce royal dainties.

21 “Naphtali is a doe set free,
    who bears beautiful fawns.

22 “Joseph is a fruitful vine,
    a fruitful vine by a spring.
    His branches run over the wall.
23 The archers have severely grieved him,
    shot at him, and persecuted him:
24 But his bow remained strong.
    The arms of his hands were made strong,
    by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob,
    (from there is the shepherd, the stone of Israel),
25 even by the God of your father, who will help you,
    by the Almighty, who will bless you,
with blessings of heaven above,
    blessings of the deep that lies below,
    blessings of the breasts, and of the womb.
26 The blessings of your father have prevailed above the blessings of your ancestors,
    above the boundaries of the ancient hills.
They will be on the head of Joseph,
    on the crown of the head of him who is separated from his brothers.

27 “Benjamin is a ravenous wolf.
    In the morning he will devour the prey.
    At evening he will divide the plunder.”

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father spoke to them, and blessed them. He blessed everyone according to his own blessing.

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Jacob’s Last Words

49 Then Jacob called his sons and said, “Gather around, and I will tell you what will happen to you in the days to come.[a](A)

Come together and listen, sons of Jacob;
listen to your father Israel:

Reuben, you are my firstborn,(B)
my strength and the firstfruits of my virility,(C)
excelling in prominence, excelling in power.
Turbulent as water, you will not excel,
because you got into your father’s bed(D)
and you defiled it—he[b] got into my bed.

Simeon and Levi are brothers;
their knives are vicious weapons.(E)
May I never enter their council;
may I never join their assembly.
For in their anger they kill men,
and on a whim they hamstring oxen.
Their anger is cursed, for it is strong,
and their fury, for it is cruel!
I will disperse them throughout Jacob
and scatter them throughout Israel.(F)

Judah, your brothers will praise you.(G)
Your hand will be on the necks of your enemies;
your father’s sons will bow down to you.(H)
Judah is a young lion(I)
my son, you return from the kill.
He crouches; he lies down like a lion
or a lioness—who dares to rouse him?
10 The scepter will not depart from Judah
or the staff from between his feet
until he whose right it is comes[c](J)
and the obedience of the peoples belongs to him.(K)
11 He ties his donkey to a vine,
and the colt of his donkey to the choice vine.
He washes his clothes in wine
and his robes in the blood of grapes.
12 His eyes are darker than wine,
and his teeth are whiter than milk.

13 Zebulun will live by the seashore
and will be a harbor for ships,
and his territory will be next to Sidon.(L)

14 Issachar is a strong donkey
lying down between the saddlebags.[d]
15 He saw that his resting place was good
and that the land was pleasant,
so he leaned his shoulder to bear a load
and became a forced laborer.(M)

16 Dan will judge his people(N)
as one of the tribes of Israel.
17 Dan will be a snake by the road,
a viper beside the path,
that bites the horse’s heels
so that its rider falls backward.

18 I wait for your salvation, Lord.

19 Gad will be attacked by raiders,
but he will attack their heels.(O)

20 Asher’s[e] food will be rich,
and he will produce royal delicacies.(P)

21 Naphtali is a doe set free
that bears beautiful fawns.(Q)

22 Joseph is a fruitful vine,
a fruitful vine beside a spring;
its branches[f] climb over the wall.[g]
23 The archers attacked him,
shot at him, and were hostile toward him.
24 Yet his bow remained steady,
and his strong arms were made agile
by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob,(R)
by the name of[h] the Shepherd,(S) the Rock of Israel,(T)
25 by the God of your father who helps you,
and by the Almighty who blesses you
with blessings of the heavens above,
blessings of the deep that lies below,
and blessings of the breasts and the womb.
26 The blessings of your father excel
the blessings of my ancestors[i]
and[j] the bounty of the ancient hills.[k](U)
May they rest on the head of Joseph,
on the brow of the prince of his brothers.

27 Benjamin is a wolf; he tears his prey.
In the morning he devours the prey,
and in the evening he divides the plunder.”(V)

28 These are the tribes of Israel, twelve in all, and this is what their father said to them. He blessed them, and he blessed each one with a suitable blessing.

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Footnotes

  1. 49:1 Or in the last days
  2. 49:4 LXX, Syr, Tg read you
  3. 49:10 Or until tribute comes to him, or until Shiloh comes, or until he comes to Shiloh
  4. 49:14 Or sheep pens
  5. 49:19–20 LXX, Syr, Vg; MT reads their heel. 20 From Asher
  6. 49:22 Lit daughters
  7. 49:22 Hb obscure
  8. 49:24 Syr, Tg; MT reads Jacob, from there
  9. 49:26 Or of the mountains
  10. 49:26 Lit to
  11. 49:26 Hb obscure