Jacob’s Prophecy concerning His Sons

49 Then Jacob summoned his sons and said, “Assemble yourselves, so that I may tell you what will happen to you (A)in the [a]days to come.

Gather together and listen, sons of Jacob;
Yes, (B)listen to Israel your father.

“Reuben, you are my firstborn,
My might and (C)the beginning of my strength,
Preeminent in dignity and preeminent in power.
[b]Uncontrollable as water, you shall not have preeminence,
(D)Because you went up to your father’s bed;
Then you defiled it—he went up to my couch.

(E)Simeon and Levi are brothers;
Their [c]swords are implements of violence.
(F)May my soul not enter into their council;
May my glory not be united with their assembly;
For in their anger they killed [d]men,
And in their self-will they lamed [e]oxen.
Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce;
And their wrath, for it is cruel.
(G)I will scatter them in Jacob,
And disperse them among Israel.

“As for you, Judah, your brothers shall praise you;
Your hand shall be on the neck of your enemies;
(H)Your father’s sons shall bow down to you.
Judah is a (I)lion’s cub;
From the prey, my son, you have gone up.
(J)He [f]crouches, he lies down as a lion,
And as a [g]lion, who [h]dares to stir him up?
10 (K)The scepter will not depart from Judah,
Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet,
[i]Until Shiloh comes,
And (L)to him shall be the obedience of the peoples.
11 (M)He ties his foal to the vine,
And his donkey’s colt to the choice vine;
(N)He washes his garments in wine,
And his robes in the blood of grapes.
12 His eyes are [j]dull from wine,
And his teeth [k]white from milk.

13 (O)Zebulun will reside at the seashore;
And he shall be [l]a harbor for ships,
And his flank shall be toward Sidon.

14 “Issachar is a [m]strong donkey,
(P)Lying down between the sheepfolds.
15 When he saw that a resting place was good
And that the land was pleasant,
He bowed his shoulder to carry burdens,
And became a slave at forced labor.

16 (Q)Dan shall (R)judge his people,
As one of the tribes of Israel.
17 Dan shall be a serpent in the way,
A horned viper in the path,
That bites the horse’s heels,
So that its rider falls backward.
18 (S)For Your salvation I wait, Lord.

19 (T)As for Gad, a band of raiders shall attack him,
But he will attack at their [n]heels.

20 [o](U)As for (V)Asher, his [p]food shall be [q]rich,
And he will yield royal delicacies.

21 (W)Naphtali is a doe let loose;
He utters beautiful words.

22 (X)Joseph is a fruitful [r]branch,
A fruitful [s]branch by a spring;
Its [t]branches hang over a wall.
23 The archers provoked him,
And shot at him and were hostile toward him;
24 But his (Y)bow remained [u]firm,
And [v](Z)his arms were agile,
From the hands of the (AA)Mighty One of Jacob
(From there is (AB)the Shepherd, (AC)the Stone of Israel),
25 From (AD)the God of your father who helps you,
And [w](AE)by the [x]Almighty who blesses you
With (AF)blessings of heaven above,
Blessings of the deep that lies beneath,
Blessings of the breasts and of the womb.
26 The blessings of your father
Have surpassed the blessings of my ancestors
Up to the [y]furthest boundary of (AG)the everlasting hills;
May they be on the head of Joseph,
And on the top of the head of the one distinguished among his brothers.

27 “Benjamin is a [z]ravenous wolf;
In the morning he devours the prey,
And in the evening he divides the spoils.”

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father said to them [aa]when he blessed them. He blessed them, every one [ab]with the blessing appropriate to him.

Jacob Dies

29 Then he commanded them and said to them, “I am about to be (AH)gathered to my people; (AI)bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in (AJ)the field of Ephron the Hittite, 30 in the (AK)cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is opposite Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought along with the field from Ephron the Hittite as a [ac]burial site. 31 There they buried (AL)Abraham and his wife (AM)Sarah, there they buried (AN)Isaac and his wife Rebekah, and there I buried Leah— 32 the field and the cave that is in it, purchased from the sons of Heth.” 33 When Jacob finished commanding his sons, he drew his feet into the bed and (AO)breathed his last, and was (AP)gathered to his people.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 49:1 Lit end of the days
  2. Genesis 49:4 Or Gushing over
  3. Genesis 49:5 Or plans; meaning uncertain
  4. Genesis 49:6 Lit a man
  5. Genesis 49:6 Lit an ox
  6. Genesis 49:9 Lit bows down
  7. Genesis 49:9 Lit lioness
  8. Genesis 49:9 Lit shall
  9. Genesis 49:10 Or Until he comes to Shiloh; or Until he comes to whom it belongs
  10. Genesis 49:12 Or darker than
  11. Genesis 49:12 Or whiter than
  12. Genesis 49:13 Lit a shore of ships
  13. Genesis 49:14 Lit donkey of bone
  14. Genesis 49:19 Lit heel
  15. Genesis 49:20 Lit From
  16. Genesis 49:20 Or bread
  17. Genesis 49:20 Lit fat
  18. Genesis 49:22 Lit son
  19. Genesis 49:22 Lit son
  20. Genesis 49:22 Lit daughters
  21. Genesis 49:24 I.e., in an unyielding position
  22. Genesis 49:24 Lit the arms of his hands
  23. Genesis 49:25 Or with
  24. Genesis 49:25 Heb Shaddai
  25. Genesis 49:26 Lit limit; or desire
  26. Genesis 49:27 Lit a wolf that tears
  27. Genesis 49:28 Lit and
  28. Genesis 49:28 Lit according to his blessing
  29. Genesis 49:30 Lit possession of a burial place

Jacob Gives Blessings to His Sons

49 Then Jacob sent for his sons. He said, “Gather around me so I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come.

“Sons of Jacob, come together and listen.
    Listen to your father Israel.

“Reuben, you are my oldest son.
    You were my first child. You were the first sign of my strength.
    You were first in honor. You were first in power.
But you are as unsteady as water. So you won’t be first anymore.
    You had sex with my concubine on my bed.
    You lay on my couch and made it ‘unclean.’

“Simeon and Levi are brothers.
    Their swords have killed a lot of people.
I won’t share in their plans.
    I won’t have anything to do with them.
They became angry and killed people.
    They cut the legs of oxen just for the fun of it.
May the Lord put a curse on them
    because of their terrible anger.
I will scatter them in Jacob’s land.
    I will spread them around in Israel.

“Judah, your brothers will praise you.
    Your enemies will be brought under your control.
    Your father’s sons will bow down to you.
Judah, you are like a lion’s cub.
    You return from hunting, my son.
Like a lion, you lie down and sleep.
    You are like a mother lion. Who dares to wake you up?
10 The right to rule will not leave Judah.
    The ruler’s scepter will not be taken from between his feet.
It will be his until the king it belongs to will come.
    The nations will obey that king.
11 He will tie his donkey to a vine.
    He will tie his colt to the very best branch.
He will wash his clothes in wine.
    He will wash his robes in the red juice of grapes.
12 His eyes will be darker than wine.
    His teeth will be whiter than milk.

13 “Zebulun will live by the seashore.
    He will become a safe harbor for ships.
    His border will go out toward Sidon.

14 “Issachar is like a wild donkey
    lying down among the sheep pens.
15 He sees how good his resting place is.
    He sees that his land is pleasant.
So he will carry a heavy load on his back.
    He will obey when he’s forced to work.

16 “Dan will do what is fair for his people.
    He will do it as one of the tribes of Israel.
17 Dan will be a snake by the side of the road.
    He will be a poisonous snake along the path.
It bites the horse’s heels
    so that the rider falls off backward.

18 Lord, I look to you to save me.

19 “Gad will be attacked by a group of robbers.
    But he will attack them as they run away.

20 “Asher’s food will be rich and sweet.
    He will provide food that even a king would enjoy.

21 “Naphtali is a female deer set free
    and gives birth to beautiful fawns.

22 “Joseph is a vine that grows a lot of fruit.
    It grows close by a spring.
    Its branches climb over a wall.
23 Mean people shot arrows at him.
    They shot at him because they were angry.
24 But his bow remained steady.
    His strong arms moved freely.
The hand of the Mighty God of Jacob was with him.
    The Shepherd, the Rock of Israel, stood by him.
25 Joseph, your father’s God helps you.
    The Mighty God blesses you.
He gives you blessings from the sky above.
    He gives you blessings from the deep springs below.
    He blesses you with children and with a mother’s milk.
26 Your father’s blessings are great.
    They are greater than the blessings from the age-old mountains.
    They are greater than the gifts from the ancient hills.
Let all those blessings rest on the head of Joseph.
    Let them rest on the head of the one who is prince among his brothers.

27 “Benjamin is a hungry wolf.
    In the morning he eats what he has killed.
    In the evening he shares what he has stolen.”

28 All these are the 12 tribes of Israel. That’s what their father said to them when he blessed them. He gave each one the blessing that was just right for him.

Jacob Dies

29 Then Jacob gave directions to his sons. He said, “I’m about to join the members of my family who have already died. Bury me with them in the cave in the field of Ephron, the Hittite. 30 The cave is in the field of Machpelah near Mamre in Canaan. Abraham had bought it as a place where he could bury his wife’s body. He had bought the cave and the field from Ephron, the Hittite. 31 The bodies of Abraham and his wife Sarah were buried there. So were the bodies of Isaac and his wife Rebekah. I also buried Leah’s body there. 32 Abraham bought the field and the cave from the Hittites.”

33 When Jacob had finished telling his sons what to do, he pulled his feet up into his bed. Then he took his last breath and died. He joined the members of his family who had already died.

Jacob Blesses His Sons(A)

49 Then Jacob called for his sons and said: “Gather around so I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come.(B)

“Assemble(C) and listen, sons of Jacob;
    listen to your father Israel.(D)

“Reuben, you are my firstborn,(E)
    my might, the first sign of my strength,(F)
    excelling in honor,(G) excelling in power.
Turbulent as the waters,(H) you will no longer excel,
    for you went up onto your father’s bed,
    onto my couch and defiled it.(I)

“Simeon(J) and Levi(K) are brothers—
    their swords[a] are weapons of violence.(L)
Let me not enter their council,
    let me not join their assembly,(M)
for they have killed men in their anger(N)
    and hamstrung(O) oxen as they pleased.
Cursed be their anger, so fierce,
    and their fury,(P) so cruel!(Q)
I will scatter them in Jacob
    and disperse them in Israel.(R)

“Judah,[b](S) your brothers will praise you;
    your hand will be on the neck(T) of your enemies;
    your father’s sons will bow down to you.(U)
You are a lion’s(V) cub,(W) Judah;(X)
    you return from the prey,(Y) my son.
Like a lion he crouches and lies down,
    like a lioness—who dares to rouse him?
10 The scepter will not depart from Judah,(Z)
    nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet,[c]
until he to whom it belongs[d] shall come(AA)
    and the obedience of the nations shall be his.(AB)
11 He will tether his donkey(AC) to a vine,
    his colt to the choicest branch;(AD)
he will wash his garments in wine,
    his robes in the blood of grapes.(AE)
12 His eyes will be darker than wine,
    his teeth whiter than milk.[e](AF)

13 “Zebulun(AG) will live by the seashore
    and become a haven for ships;
    his border will extend toward Sidon.(AH)

14 “Issachar(AI) is a rawboned[f] donkey
    lying down among the sheep pens.[g](AJ)
15 When he sees how good is his resting place
    and how pleasant is his land,(AK)
he will bend his shoulder to the burden(AL)
    and submit to forced labor.(AM)

16 “Dan[h](AN) will provide justice for his people
    as one of the tribes of Israel.(AO)
17 Dan(AP) will be a snake by the roadside,
    a viper along the path,(AQ)
that bites the horse’s heels(AR)
    so that its rider tumbles backward.

18 “I look for your deliverance,(AS) Lord.(AT)

19 “Gad[i](AU) will be attacked by a band of raiders,
    but he will attack them at their heels.(AV)

20 “Asher’s(AW) food will be rich;(AX)
    he will provide delicacies fit for a king.(AY)

21 “Naphtali(AZ) is a doe set free
    that bears beautiful fawns.[j](BA)

22 “Joseph(BB) is a fruitful vine,(BC)
    a fruitful vine near a spring,
    whose branches(BD) climb over a wall.[k]
23 With bitterness archers attacked him;(BE)
    they shot at him with hostility.(BF)
24 But his bow remained steady,(BG)
    his strong arms(BH) stayed[l] limber,
because of the hand of the Mighty One of Jacob,(BI)
    because of the Shepherd,(BJ) the Rock of Israel,(BK)
25 because of your father’s God,(BL) who helps(BM) you,
    because of the Almighty,[m](BN) who blesses you
with blessings of the skies above,
    blessings of the deep springs below,(BO)
    blessings of the breast(BP) and womb.(BQ)
26 Your father’s blessings are greater
    than the blessings of the ancient mountains,
    than[n] the bounty of the age-old hills.(BR)
Let all these rest on the head of Joseph,(BS)
    on the brow of the prince among[o] his brothers.(BT)

27 “Benjamin(BU) is a ravenous wolf;(BV)
    in the morning he devours the prey,(BW)
    in the evening he divides the plunder.”(BX)

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel,(BY) and this is what their father said to them when he blessed them, giving each the blessing(BZ) appropriate to him.

The Death of Jacob

29 Then he gave them these instructions:(CA) “I am about to be gathered to my people.(CB) Bury me with my fathers(CC) in the cave in the field of Ephron the Hittite,(CD) 30 the cave in the field of Machpelah,(CE) near Mamre(CF) in Canaan, which Abraham bought along with the field(CG) as a burial place(CH) from Ephron the Hittite. 31 There Abraham(CI) and his wife Sarah(CJ) were buried, there Isaac and his wife Rebekah(CK) were buried, and there I buried Leah.(CL) 32 The field and the cave in it were bought from the Hittites.[p](CM)

33 When Jacob had finished giving instructions to his sons, he drew his feet up into the bed, breathed his last and was gathered to his people.(CN)

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 49:5 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.
  2. Genesis 49:8 Judah sounds like and may be derived from the Hebrew for praise.
  3. Genesis 49:10 Or from his descendants
  4. Genesis 49:10 Or to whom tribute belongs; the meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.
  5. Genesis 49:12 Or will be dull from wine, / his teeth white from milk
  6. Genesis 49:14 Or strong
  7. Genesis 49:14 Or the campfires; or the saddlebags
  8. Genesis 49:16 Dan here means he provides justice.
  9. Genesis 49:19 Gad sounds like the Hebrew for attack and also for band of raiders.
  10. Genesis 49:21 Or free; / he utters beautiful words
  11. Genesis 49:22 Or Joseph is a wild colt, / a wild colt near a spring, / a wild donkey on a terraced hill
  12. Genesis 49:24 Or archers will attack … will shoot … will remain … will stay
  13. Genesis 49:25 Hebrew Shaddai
  14. Genesis 49:26 Or of my progenitors, / as great as
  15. Genesis 49:26 Or of the one separated from
  16. Genesis 49:32 Or the descendants of Heth