Genesis 43
New English Translation
The Second Journey to Egypt
43 Now the famine was severe in the land.[a] 2 When they finished eating the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “Return, buy us a little more food.”
3 But Judah said to him, “The man solemnly warned[b] us, ‘You will not see my face[c] unless your brother is with you.’ 4 If you send[d] our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy food for you. 5 But if you will not send him, we won’t go down there because the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’”
6 Israel said, “Why did you bring this trouble[e] on me by telling[f] the man you had one more brother?”
7 They replied, “The man questioned us[g] thoroughly[h] about ourselves and our family, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’[i] So we answered him in this way.[j] How could we possibly know[k] that he would say,[l] ‘Bring your brother down’?”
8 Then Judah said to his father Israel, “Send the boy with me and we will go immediately.[m] Then we will live[n] and not die—we and you and our little ones. 9 I myself pledge security[o] for him; you may hold me liable. If I do not bring him back to you and place him here before you, I will bear the blame before you all my life.[p] 10 But if we had not delayed, we could have traveled there and back[q] twice by now!”
11 Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Take some of the best products of the land in your bags, and take a gift down to the man—a little balm and a little honey, spices and myrrh, pistachios and almonds. 12 Take double the money with you;[r] you must take back[s] the money that was returned in the mouths of your sacks—perhaps it was an oversight. 13 Take your brother too, and go right away[t] to the man.[u] 14 May the Sovereign God[v] grant you mercy before the man so that he may release[w] your other brother[x] and Benjamin! As for me, if I lose my children I lose them.”[y]
15 So the men took these gifts, and they took double the money with them, along with Benjamin. Then they hurried down to Egypt[z] and stood before Joseph. 16 When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the servant who was over his household, “Bring the men to the house. Slaughter an animal and prepare it, for the men will eat with me at noon.” 17 The man did just as Joseph said; he[aa] brought the men into Joseph’s house.[ab]
18 But the men were afraid when they were brought to Joseph’s house. They said, “We are being brought in because of[ac] the money that was returned in our sacks last time.[ad] He wants to capture us,[ae] make us slaves, and take[af] our donkeys!” 19 So they approached the man who was in charge of Joseph’s household and spoke to him at the entrance to the house. 20 They said, “My lord, we did indeed come down[ag] the first time[ah] to buy food. 21 But when we came to the place where we spent the night, we opened our sacks and each of us found his money—the full amount[ai]—in the mouth of his sack. So we have returned it.[aj] 22 We have brought additional money with us to buy food. We do not know who put the money in our sacks!”
23 “Everything is fine,”[ak] the man in charge of Joseph’s household told them. “Don’t be afraid. Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your sacks.[al] I had your money.”[am] Then he brought Simeon out to them.
24 The servant in charge[an] brought the men into Joseph’s house. He gave them water, and they washed their feet. Then he gave food to their donkeys. 25 They got their gifts ready for Joseph’s arrival[ao] at noon, for they had heard[ap] that they were to have a meal[aq] there.
26 When Joseph came home, they presented him with the gifts they had brought inside,[ar] and they bowed down to the ground before him. 27 He asked them how they were doing.[as] Then he said, “Is your aging father well, the one you spoke about? Is he still alive?” 28 “Your servant our father is well,” they replied. “He is still alive.” They bowed down in humility.[at]
29 When Joseph looked up[au] and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son, he said, “Is this your youngest brother, whom you told me about?” Then he said, “May God be gracious to you, my son.”[av] 30 Joseph hurried out, for he was overcome by affection for his brother[aw] and was at the point of tears.[ax] So he went to his room and wept there.
31 Then he washed his face and came out. With composure he said,[ay] “Set out the food.” 32 They set a place for him, a separate place for his brothers,[az] and another for the Egyptians who were eating with him. (The Egyptians are not able to eat with Hebrews, for the Egyptians think it is disgusting[ba] to do so.)[bb] 33 They sat before him, arranged by order of birth, beginning with the firstborn and ending with the youngest.[bc] The men looked at each other in astonishment.[bd] 34 He gave them portions of the food set before him,[be] but the portion for Benjamin was five times greater than the portions for any of the others. They drank with Joseph until they all became drunk.[bf]
Footnotes
- Genesis 43:1 tn The disjunctive clause gives supplemental information that is important to the storyline.
- Genesis 43:3 tn The infinitive absolute with the finite verb stresses the point. The primary meaning of the verb is “to witness; to testify.” It alludes to Joseph’s oath, which was tantamount to a threat or warning.
- Genesis 43:3 tn The idiom “see my face” means “have an audience with me.”
- Genesis 43:4 tn Heb “if there is you sending,” that is, “if you send.”
- Genesis 43:6 tn The verb may even have a moral connotation here, “Why did you do evil to me?”
- Genesis 43:6 tn The infinitive construct here explains how they brought trouble on Jacob.
- Genesis 43:7 tn The word “us” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 43:7 tn The infinitive absolute with the perfect verbal form emphasizes that Joseph questioned them thoroughly.
- Genesis 43:7 sn The report given here concerning Joseph’s interrogation does not exactly match the previous account where they supplied the information to clear themselves (see 42:13). This section may reflect how they remembered the impact of his interrogation, whether he asked the specific questions or not. That may be twisting the truth to protect themselves, not wanting to admit that they volunteered the information. (They admitted as much in 42:31, but now they seem to be qualifying that comment.) On the other hand, when speaking to Joseph later (see 44:19), Judah claims that Joseph asked for the information about their family, making it possible that 42:13 leaves out some of the details of their first encounter.
- Genesis 43:7 tn Heb “and we told to him according to these words.”
- Genesis 43:7 tn The infinitive absolute emphasizes the imperfect verbal form, which here is a historic future (that is, future from the perspective of a past time).
- Genesis 43:7 tn Once again the imperfect verbal form is used as a historic future (that is, future from the perspective of past time).
- Genesis 43:8 tn Heb “and we will rise up and we will go.” The first verb is adverbial and gives the expression the sense of “we will go immediately.”
- Genesis 43:8 tn After the preceding cohortatives, the prefixed verbal form (either imperfect or cohortative) with the prefixed conjunction here indicates purpose or result.
- Genesis 43:9 tn The pronoun before the first person verbal form draws attention to the subject and emphasizes Judah’s willingness to be personally responsible for the boy.
- Genesis 43:9 sn I will bear the blame before you all my life. It is not clear how this would work out if Benjamin did not come back. But Judah is offering his life for Benjamin’s if Benjamin does not return.
- Genesis 43:10 tn Heb “we could have returned.”
- Genesis 43:12 tn Heb “in your hand.”
- Genesis 43:12 tn Heb “take back in your hand.” The imperfect verbal form probably has an injunctive or obligatory force here, since Jacob is instructing his sons.
- Genesis 43:13 tn Heb “arise, return,” meaning “get up and go back,” or “go back immediately.”
- Genesis 43:13 sn The man refers to the Egyptian official, whom the reader or hearer of the narrative knows is Joseph. In this context both the sons and Jacob refer to him simply as “the man” (see vv. 3-7).
- Genesis 43:14 tn Heb “El Shaddai.” See the extended note on the phrase “Sovereign God” in Gen 17:1.
- Genesis 43:14 tn Heb “release to you.” After the jussive this perfect verbal form with prefixed vav (ו) probably indicates logical consequence, as well as temporal sequence.
- Genesis 43:14 sn Several Jewish commentators suggest that the expression your other brother refers to Joseph. This would mean that Jacob prophesied unwittingly. However, it is much more likely that Simeon is the referent of the phrase “your other brother” (see Gen 42:24).
- Genesis 43:14 tn Heb “if I am bereaved I am bereaved.” With this fatalistic sounding statement Jacob resolves himself to the possibility of losing both Benjamin and Simeon.
- Genesis 43:15 tn Heb “they arose and went down to Egypt.” The first verb has an adverbial function and emphasizes that they departed right away.
- Genesis 43:17 tn Heb “the man.” This has been replaced in the translation by the pronoun “he” for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 43:17 sn This verse is a summary statement. The next verses delineate intermediate steps (see v. 24) in the process.
- Genesis 43:18 tn Heb “over the matter of.”
- Genesis 43:18 tn Heb “in the beginning,” that is, at the end of their first visit.
- Genesis 43:18 tn Heb “to roll himself upon us and to cause himself to fall upon us.” The infinitives here indicate the purpose (as viewed by the brothers) for their being brought to Joseph’s house.
- Genesis 43:18 tn The word “take” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 43:20 tn The infinitive absolute is used for emphasis before the finite verbal form.
- Genesis 43:20 tn Heb “in the beginning” (see the note on the phrase “last time” in v. 18).
- Genesis 43:21 tn Heb “his silver in its weight.”
- Genesis 43:21 tn Heb “brought it back in our hand.”
- Genesis 43:23 tn Heb “and he said, ‘peace to you.’” Here the statement has the force of “everything is fine,” or perhaps even “calm down.” The referent of “he” (the man in charge of Joseph’ household) has been specified in the translation for clarity, and the order of the introductory clause and the direct discourse has been rearranged for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 43:23 sn Your God and the God of your father…This is the first clear reference in the story to the theme of divine providence—that God works through the human actions to do his will.
- Genesis 43:23 tn Heb “your money came to me.”
- Genesis 43:24 tn Heb “the man.”
- Genesis 43:25 tn The construction uses the infinitive construct after the preposition, followed by the subjective genitive.
- Genesis 43:25 tn The action precedes the action of preparing the gift, and so must be translated as past perfect.
- Genesis 43:25 tn Heb “eat bread.” The imperfect verbal form is used here as a historic future (future from the perspective of the past).
- Genesis 43:26 tn Heb “into the house.”
- Genesis 43:27 tn Heb “concerning peace.”
- Genesis 43:28 tn Heb “and they bowed low and they bowed down.” The use of synonyms here emphasizes the brothers’ humility.
- Genesis 43:29 tn Heb “and he lifted his eyes.” The referent of “he” (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Genesis 43:29 sn Joseph’s language here becomes warmer and more personal, culminating in calling Benjamin my son.
- Genesis 43:30 tn Heb “for his affection boiled up concerning his brother.” The same expression is used in 1 Kgs 3:26 for the mother’s feelings for her endangered child.
- Genesis 43:30 tn Heb “and he sought to weep.”
- Genesis 43:31 tn Heb “and he controlled himself and said.”
- Genesis 43:32 tn Heb “them”; the referent (Joseph’s brothers) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Genesis 43:32 tn Or “disgraceful.” The Hebrew word תּוֹעֵבָה (toʿevah, “abomination”) describes something that is loathsome or off-limits. For other practices the Egyptians considered disgusting, see Gen 46:34 and Exod 8:22.
- Genesis 43:32 tn Heb “and they set for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians who were eating with him by themselves, for the Egyptians are not able to eat food with the Hebrews, for it is an abomination for the Egyptians.” The imperfect verbal form in the explanatory clause is taken as habitual in force, indicating a practice that was still in effect in the narrator’s time.sn That the Egyptians found eating with foreigners disgusting is well-attested in extra-biblical literature by writers like Herodotus, Diodorus, and Strabo.
- Genesis 43:33 tn Heb “the firstborn according to his birthright and the youngest according to his youth.”
- Genesis 43:33 sn The brothers’ astonishment indicates that Joseph arranged them in this way. They were astonished because there was no way, as far as they were concerned, that Joseph could have known the order of their birth.
- Genesis 43:34 tn Heb “and he lifted up portions from before his face to them.”
- Genesis 43:34 tn Heb “and they drank and were intoxicated with him” (cf. NIV “drank freely with him”; NEB “grew merry”; NRSV “were merry”). The brothers were apparently relaxed and set at ease, despite Joseph’s obvious favoritism toward Benjamin.
Genesis 43
Names of God Bible
Jacob [Israel] Sends Ten Sons Back to Egypt
43 The famine was severe in the land. 2 When they finished eating the grain they had brought from Egypt, Israel said to his sons, “Go back and buy us a little more food.”
3 Judah said to him, “The man gave us a severe warning: ‘You won’t be allowed to see me again unless your brother is with you.’ 4 If you let our brother go with us, we’ll go and buy food for you. 5 If you won’t let him go, we won’t go. The man said to us, ‘You won’t be allowed to see me again unless your brother is with you.’”
6 Israel asked, “Why have you made trouble for me by telling the man you had another brother?”
7 They answered, “The man kept asking about us and our family: ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’ We simply answered his questions. How could we possibly know he would say, ‘Bring your brother here’?”
8 Then Judah said to his father Israel, “Send the boy along with me. Let’s get going so that we won’t starve to death. 9 I guarantee that he will come back. You can hold me responsible for him. If I don’t bring him back to you and place him here in front of you, you can blame me the rest of my life. 10 If we hadn’t waited so long, we could have made this trip twice by now.”
11 Then their father Israel said to them, “If that’s the way it has to be, then take the man a gift. Put some of the best products of the land in your bags. Take a little balm, a little honey, gum, myrrh, pistachio nuts, and almonds. 12 Take twice as much money with you. You must return the money that was put back in your sacks. Maybe it was a mistake. 13 Take your brother, and go back to the man. 14 May El Shadday make him merciful to you so that he will send your other brother and Benjamin home with you. If I lose my children, I lose my children.”
15 The men took the gifts, twice as much money, and Benjamin. They went to Egypt, where they presented themselves to Joseph.
The Banquet at Joseph’s House
16 When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the man in charge of his house, “Take these men to my house. Butcher an animal, and prepare a meal, because they are going to eat with me at noon.”
17 So the man did as Joseph said and took them to Joseph’s house. 18 The men were frightened, because they had been brought to Joseph’s house. They thought, “We’ve been brought here because of the money that was put back into our sacks the first time. They’re going to attack us, overpower us, take our donkeys, and make us slaves.”
19 So they came to the man in charge of Joseph’s house and spoke to him at the door. 20 “Please, sir,” they said, “we came here to buy food once before. 21 When we stopped for the night, we opened our sacks, and each man found all of his money inside. So we brought it back with us. 22 We also brought more money to buy food. We have no idea who put our money back in our sacks.”
23 “It’s alright,” he said. “Don’t be afraid! Your Elohim, the Elohim of your father, must have given you treasure in your sacks. I received your money.” Then he brought Simeon out to them.
24 The man took the brothers into Joseph’s house. He gave them water to wash their feet and feed for their donkeys. 25 They got their gifts ready for Joseph’s return at noon, because they had heard they were going to eat there.
26 When Joseph came home, they gave him the gifts they had brought to the house. Then they bowed to him with their faces touching the ground. 27 He asked them how they were. Then he said, “You told me about your elderly father. How is he? Is he still alive?”
28 They answered, “Yes, sir. Our father is alive and well.” Then they knelt, bowing down.
29 As Joseph looked around, he saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son. “Is this your youngest brother, the one you told me about?” he asked. “God be gracious to you, my son,” he said. 30 Deeply moved at the sight of his brother, he hurried away, looking for a place to cry. He went into his private room and cried there.
31 Then he washed his face and came out. He was in control of his emotions when he said, “Serve the food.”
32 He was served separately from his brothers. The Egyptians who were there with him were also served separately, because they found it offensive to eat with Hebrews. 33 The brothers were seated facing him according to their ages—from the oldest to the youngest. They looked at each other in amazement.
34 Joseph had portions of food brought to them from his table, but Benjamin’s portion was five times more than any of the others. So they ate and drank with Joseph until they were drunk.
Gênesis 43
Almeida Revista e Corrigida 2009
Os irmãos de José descem outra vez ao Egito
43 E a fome era gravíssima na terra. 2 E aconteceu que, como acabaram de comer o mantimento que trouxeram do Egito, disse-lhes seu pai: Tornai, comprai-nos um pouco de alimento. 3 Mas Judá respondeu-lhe, dizendo: Fortemente nos protestou aquele varão, dizendo: Não vereis a minha face, se o vosso irmão não vier convosco. 4 Se enviares conosco o nosso irmão, desceremos e te compraremos alimento; 5 mas, se não o enviares, não desceremos, porquanto aquele varão nos disse: Não vereis a minha face, se o vosso irmão não vier convosco. 6 E disse Israel: Por que me fizestes tal mal, fazendo saber àquele varão que tínheis ainda outro irmão? 7 E eles disseram: Aquele varão particularmente nos perguntou por nós e pela nossa parentela, dizendo: Vive ainda vosso pai? Tendes mais um irmão? E respondemos-lhe conforme as mesmas palavras. Podíamos nós saber que diria: Trazei vosso irmão? 8 Então, disse Judá a Israel, seu pai: Envia o jovem comigo, e levantar-nos-emos e iremos, para que vivamos e não morramos, nem nós, nem tu, nem os nossos filhos. 9 Eu serei fiador por ele, da minha mão o requererás; se eu não to trouxer e não o puser perante a tua face, serei réu de crime para contigo para sempre. 10 E, se nós não nos tivéssemos detido, certamente já estaríamos segunda vez de volta.
11 Então, disse-lhes Israel, seu pai: Pois que assim é, fazei isso; tomai do mais precioso desta terra em vossos sacos e levai ao varão um presente: um pouco de bálsamo, um pouco de mel, especiarias, mirra, terebinto e amêndoas. 12 E tomai em vossas mãos dinheiro dobrado; e o dinheiro que tornou na boca dos vossos sacos tornai a levar em vossas mãos; bem pode ser que fosse erro. 13 Tomai também a vosso irmão, e levantai-vos, e voltai àquele varão. 14 E Deus Todo-Poderoso vos dê misericórdia diante do varão, para que deixe vir convosco vosso outro irmão, e Benjamim; e eu, se for desfilhado, desfilhado ficarei.
Os irmãos de José jantam com ele
15 E os varões tomaram aquele presente e tomaram dinheiro dobrado em suas mãos e a Benjamim; e levantaram-se, e desceram ao Egito, e apresentaram-se diante da face de José. 16 Vendo, pois, José a Benjamim com eles, disse ao que estava sobre a sua casa: Leva estes varões à casa, e mata reses, e prepara tudo; porque estes varões comerão comigo ao meio-dia. 17 E o varão fez como José dissera e o varão levou aqueles varões à casa de José. 18 Então, temeram aqueles varões, porquanto foram levados à casa de José e diziam: Por causa do dinheiro que da outra vez voltou nos nossos sacos, fomos trazidos aqui, para nos criminar e cair sobre nós, para que nos tome por servos e a nossos jumentos. 19 Por isso, chegaram-se ao varão que estava sobre a casa de José, e falaram com ele à porta da casa. 20 E disseram: Ai! Senhor meu, certamente descemos, dantes, a comprar mantimento; 21 e aconteceu que, chegando nós à venda e abrindo os nossos sacos, eis que o dinheiro de cada varão estava na boca do seu saco, nosso dinheiro por seu peso; e tornamos a trazê-lo em nossas mãos. 22 Também trouxemos outro dinheiro em nossas mãos, para comprar mantimento; não sabemos quem tenha posto o nosso dinheiro nos nossos sacos. 23 E ele disse: Paz seja convosco, não temais; o vosso Deus, e o Deus de vosso pai, vos tem dado um tesouro nos vossos sacos; o vosso dinheiro me chegou a mim. E trouxe-lhes fora a Simeão. 24 Depois, levou o varão aqueles varões à casa de José e deu-lhes água, e lavaram os seus pés; também deu pasto aos seus jumentos. 25 E prepararam o presente, para quando José viesse ao meio-dia; porque tinham ouvido que ali haviam de comer pão.
26 Vindo, pois, José à casa, trouxeram-lhe ali o presente que estava na sua mão; e inclinaram-se a ele até à terra. 27 E ele lhes perguntou como estavam e disse: Vosso pai, o velho de quem falastes, está bem? Ainda vive? 28 E eles disseram: Bem está o teu servo, nosso pai vive ainda. E abaixaram a cabeça e inclinaram-se. 29 E ele levantou os olhos, e viu a Benjamim, seu irmão, filho de sua mãe, e disse: Este é o vosso irmão mais novo, de quem me falastes? Depois, ele disse: Deus te abençoe, meu filho. 30 E José apressou-se, porque o seu íntimo moveu-se para o seu irmão; e procurou onde chorar, e entrou na câmara, e chorou ali. 31 Depois, lavou o rosto e saiu; e conteve-se e disse: Ponde pão. 32 E puseram-lhe a ele à parte, e a eles à parte, e aos egípcios que comiam com ele à parte; porque os egípcios não podem comer pão com os hebreus, porquanto é abominação para os egípcios. 33 E assentaram-se diante dele, o primogênito segundo a sua primogenitura e o menor segundo a sua menoridade; do que os varões se maravilhavam entre si. 34 E apresentou-lhe as porções que estavam diante dele; porém a porção de Benjamim era cinco vezes maior do que a de qualquer deles. E eles beberam e se regalaram com ele.
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