Joseph Interprets Pharaoh's Dreams

41 After two whole years, Pharaoh dreamed that he was standing by the Nile, and behold, there came up out of the Nile seven cows, attractive and plump, and they fed in the reed grass. And behold, seven other cows, ugly and thin, came up out of the Nile after them, and stood by the other cows on the bank of the Nile. And the ugly, thin cows ate up the seven attractive, plump cows. And Pharaoh awoke. And he fell asleep and dreamed a second time. And behold, seven ears of grain, plump and good, were growing on one stalk. And behold, after them sprouted seven ears, thin and (A)blighted by the east wind. And the thin ears swallowed up the seven plump, full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and behold, it was a dream. So in the morning (B)his spirit was troubled, and he sent and called for all the (C)magicians of Egypt and all its wise men. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but there was none who could interpret them to Pharaoh.

Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “I remember my offenses today. 10 When Pharaoh was (D)angry with his servants (E)and put me and the chief baker in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, 11 (F)we dreamed on the same night, he and I, each having a dream with its own interpretation. 12 A young Hebrew was there with us, a servant of the captain of the guard. When we told him, (G)he interpreted our dreams to us, giving an interpretation to each man according to his dream. 13 And (H)as he interpreted to us, so it came about. I was restored to my office, and the baker was hanged.”

14 (I)Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they (J)quickly brought him (K)out of the pit. And when he had shaved himself and changed his clothes, he came in before Pharaoh. 15 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have had a dream, and there is no one who can interpret it. (L)I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.” 16 Joseph answered Pharaoh, (M)“It is not in me; (N)God will give Pharaoh a favorable answer.”[a] 17 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Behold, (O)in my dream I was standing on the banks of the Nile. 18 Seven cows, plump and attractive, came up out of the Nile and fed in the reed grass. 19 Seven other cows came up after them, poor and very ugly and thin, such as I had never seen in all the land of Egypt. 20 And the thin, ugly cows ate up the first seven plump cows, 21 but when they had eaten them no one would have known that they had eaten them, for they were still as ugly as at the beginning. Then I awoke. 22 I also saw in my dream seven ears growing on one stalk, full and good. 23 Seven ears, withered, thin, and blighted by the east wind, sprouted after them, 24 and the thin ears swallowed up the seven good ears. And (P)I told it to the magicians, but there was no one who could explain it to me.”

25 Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one; (Q)God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do. 26 The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven good ears are seven years; the dreams are one. 27 The seven lean and ugly cows that came up after them are seven years, and the seven empty ears blighted by the east wind are also (R)seven years of famine. 28 It is as I told Pharaoh; (S)God has shown to Pharaoh what he is about to do. 29 There will come (T)seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt, 30 but after them there will arise (U)seven years of famine, and all the plenty will be forgotten in the land of Egypt. (V)The famine will consume the land, 31 and the plenty will be unknown in the land by reason of the famine that will follow, for it will be very severe. 32 And the doubling of Pharaoh's dream means that the (W)thing is fixed by God, and God will shortly bring it about. 33 Now therefore let Pharaoh select a discerning and wise man, and set him over the land of Egypt. 34 Let Pharaoh proceed to appoint overseers over the land and take one-fifth of the produce of the land[b] of Egypt during the seven plentiful years. 35 And (X)let them gather all the food of these good years that are coming and store up grain under the authority of Pharaoh for food in the cities, and let them keep it. 36 That food shall be a reserve for the land against the seven years of famine that are to occur in the land of Egypt, so that the land may not perish through the famine.”

Joseph Rises to Power

37 This proposal pleased Pharaoh and all his servants. 38 And Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find a man like this, (Y)in whom is the Spirit of God?”[c] 39 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has shown you all this, there is none so discerning and wise as you are. 40 (Z)You shall be over my house, and all my people shall order themselves as you command.[d] Only as regards the throne will I be greater than you.” 41 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “See, (AA)I have set you over all the land of Egypt.” 42 Then Pharaoh (AB)took his signet ring from his hand and put it on Joseph's hand, and (AC)clothed him in garments of fine linen (AD)and put a gold chain about his neck. 43 And he made him ride in his second chariot. (AE)And they called out before him, “Bow the knee!”[e] Thus he set him (AF)over all the land of Egypt. 44 Moreover, Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, and (AG)without your consent no one shall lift up hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.” 45 And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphenath-paneah. And he gave him in marriage Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On. So Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.

46 Joseph was thirty years old when he (AH)entered the service of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh and went through all the land of Egypt. 47 During the seven plentiful years the earth produced abundantly, 48 and he gathered up all the food of these seven years, which occurred in the land of Egypt, and put the food in the cities. He put in every city the food from the fields around it. 49 And Joseph stored up grain in great abundance, (AI)like the sand of the sea, until he ceased to measure it, for it could not be measured.

50 Before the year of famine came, (AJ)two sons were born to Joseph. Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, bore them to him. 51 Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh. “For,” he said, “God has made me forget all my hardship and all my father's house.”[f] 52 The name of the second he called Ephraim, “For God has (AK)made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.”[g]

53 The seven years of plenty that occurred in the land of Egypt came to an end, 54 and (AL)the seven years of famine began to come, (AM)as Joseph had said. There was famine in all lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. 55 When all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread. Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph. What he says to you, do.”

56 So when the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened all the storehouses[h] and (AN)sold to the Egyptians, for the famine was severe in the land of Egypt. 57 Moreover, all the earth came to Egypt to Joseph to buy grain, because the famine was severe (AO)over all the earth.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 41:16 Or (compare Samaritan, Septuagint) Without God it is not possible to give Pharaoh an answer about his welfare
  2. Genesis 41:34 Or over the land and organize the land
  3. Genesis 41:38 Or of the gods
  4. Genesis 41:40 Hebrew and according to your command all my people shall kiss the ground
  5. Genesis 41:43 Abrek, probably an Egyptian word, similar in sound to the Hebrew word meaning to kneel
  6. Genesis 41:51 Manasseh sounds like the Hebrew for making to forget
  7. Genesis 41:52 Ephraim sounds like the Hebrew for making fruitful
  8. Genesis 41:56 Hebrew all that was in them

De dromen van de farao

41 Op een nacht, twee jaar later, droomde de farao dat hij aan de oever van de rivier de Nijl stond. Plotseling zag hij zeven mooie, vette koeien uit de rivier komen, die op de oever begonnen te grazen. Daarna kwamen nog zeven koeien uit de rivier, maar die waren zo mager dat je hun ribben kon tellen. De magere koeien naderden de vette koeien en aten die op! Op dat moment werd de farao wakker.

Hij viel al snel weer in slaap en kreeg een tweede droom. Nu zag hij een korenhalm met zeven mooie, dikke aren eraan. Maar opeens kwamen er zeven schrale, door de hete oostenwind verschroeide aren bij. En deze schrale aren slokten de zeven dikke aren op! Toen werd de farao wakker en realiseerde zich dat hij had gedroomd.

De volgende morgen dacht hij echter na over de dromen, maar kon niet bedenken wat zij mochten betekenen. Hij ontbood alle geleerden en wijzen uit het land en vertelde hun zijn dromen, maar geen van hen kon vertellen wat de dromen betekenden.

Toen kwam de wijnproever bij de farao en zei: ‘Nu herinner ik me mijn zonde! 10 Een tijd geleden vielen enkelen van ons in ongenade en u liet het hoofd van de bakkerij en mij opsluiten in de gevangenis van het hoofd van de lijfwacht. 11 Op een nacht hadden wij allebei een droom, maar allebei met een andere betekenis. 12 Wij vertelden die aan een jonge Hebreeuwse man, een slaaf van het hoofd van de lijfwacht, die daar werkte en hij heeft deze voor ons uitgelegd. 13 Alles wat hij zei, kwam uit: ik werd in mijn functie hersteld en de bakker werd ter dood gebracht en op een paal gespietst.’

14 De farao stuurde direct iemand naar de gevangenis om Jozef te halen. Jozef werd uit de kerker gelaten en mocht zich scheren en behoorlijke kleren aantrekken. Zo verscheen hij voor de farao.

15 ‘Ik heb de afgelopen nacht een droom gehad,’ zei de farao, ‘en geen van deze mensen kan mij vertellen wat hij betekent. Ik heb gehoord dat jij dromen kunt uitleggen en daarom heb ik je hier laten komen.’ 16 ‘Ik kan geen dromen uitleggen,’ antwoordde Jozef. ‘Maar God zal u de betekenis vertellen!’

17 De farao vertelde opnieuw wat hij had gedroomd. ‘Ik stond aan de oever van de Nijl,’ begon hij, 18 ‘toen plotseling zeven vette en gezond uitziende koeien uit de rivier kwamen en op de oever begonnen te grazen. 19 Maar toen kwamen er zeven andere koeien uit de rivier. Die waren mager en uitgemergeld. Zulke lelijke dieren heb ik in het hele land nog nooit gezien! 20 Die magere koeien aten de vette koeien die het eerst uit de rivier waren gekomen, op. 21 Maar toch bleven zij net zo mager als daarvoor! Toen werd ik wakker.

22 Diezelfde nacht had ik nog een droom. Nu zag ik zeven aren op een korenhalm en alle zeven waren even mooi en dik. 23 Toen kwamen, uit diezelfde halm, zeven verschroeide en schrale aren tevoorschijn. 24 En die schrale aren slokten de vette aren op! Dit heb ik ook aan de geleerden verteld, maar zij konden mij de betekenis van de dromen niet uitleggen.’

25 ‘Beide dromen hebben dezelfde betekenis,’ vertelde Jozef aan de farao. ‘God heeft u verteld wat Hij gaat doen in het land Egypte. 26 De zeven vette koeien (en ook de zeven dikke aren) geven aan dat er zeven voorspoedige jaren komen. 27 De zeven magere koeien (en ook de zeven schrale aren) betekenen dat de zeven voorspoedige jaren zullen worden gevolgd door zeven jaren hongersnood. 28 Zo heeft God u laten zien wat Hij van plan is. 29 De komende zeven jaren zullen grote voorspoed brengen in heel Egypte. 30 Maar de zeven jaren hongersnood die daarop volgen, zullen zo vreselijk zijn dat alle voorspoed wordt vergeten. 31 De honger zal het land uitmergelen. De hongersnood zal zo erg zijn dat zelfs de herinnering aan de voorspoedige jaren zal vervagen. 32 Dat u tweemaal hetzelfde hebt gedroomd, wil zeggen dat het zeker gaat gebeuren en al snel ook, want God heeft het zo beslist. 33 Welnu, ik denk dat het goed is als u een wijs man uitzoekt aan wie u de leiding geeft over een programma voor de voedselvoorziening van het hele land. 34-36 Laat de farao opzichters aanstellen die gedurende de komende zeven jaar elk jaar een vijfde van de voedsel-opbrengst van heel Egypte opslaan in magazijnen. Zo krijgt u een voedselvoorraad voor de zeven jaren hongersnood die daarop volgen. Dan zal het land niet aan de hongersnood ten gronde gaan.’

Jozef als belangrijk staatsman

37 De farao en zijn adviseurs zagen wel wat in Jozefs voorstellen. Zij bespraken wie de leiding moest krijgen over die enorme onderneming. 38 Toen zei de farao: ‘Wie kan dat beter doen dan Jozef? Hij is een man die duidelijk vervuld is met de Geest van God.’ 39 Toen wendde de farao zich tot Jozef en zei: ‘Aangezien God u de betekenis van de dromen heeft ingegeven, bent u de meest wijze man in het land! 40,41 Ik benoem u daarom tot leider van de voedselverzameling. Ik geef u een blanco volmacht in het hele land. U zult alleen aan mij verantwoording schuldig zijn.’ 42 Na die woorden schoof de farao zijn zegelring aan Jozefs vinger als teken van zijn koninklijke volmacht. Hij gaf hem prachtige kleren, hing een gouden keten om zijn hals en verklaarde plechtig: ‘Ik stel u aan als leider over het hele land Egypte.’ 43 De farao gaf Jozef zijn tweede rijtuig en overal waar hij verscheen, werd voor hem uit geroepen: ‘Kniel!’ 44 En de farao verklaarde tegenover Jozef: ‘Ik, de koning van Egypte, zweer dat mijn land u zal gehoorzamen.’

45 Voortaan noemde de farao Jozef ‘Safenat-Paneach’ (Uitlegger van Geheimen) en gaf hem Asnat, de dochter van Potifera, de priester van On (Heliopolis), tot vrouw. Zo werd Jozef van gevangene in één keer de machtigste man in het land. 46 Hij was dertig jaar toen hij bij de farao in dienst kwam. Jozef verliet hierna het paleis van de farao en begon een rondreis door het hele land. 47 En ja, de zeven jaren die volgden, zorgden voor enorme oogsten. 48 In die jaren verzamelde Jozef een deel van de oogsten in het hele land en sloeg dat voedsel op in de steden. 49 De magazijnen werden zo vol dat men ermee was gestopt alles te tellen, er was geen beginnen aan.

50 Voordat het eerste jaar van de hongersnood aanbrak, had Jozef twee zonen gekregen bij zijn vrouw Asnat. 51 Jozef noemde zijn oudste zoon Manasse (Hij die doet vergeten) en zei: ‘God heeft mij deze zoon gegeven om mij het verdriet uit mijn jeugd en het verlies van mijn thuis te doen vergeten.’ 52 De tweede zoon noemde hij Efraïm (Vruchtbaar) en hij zei: ‘God heeft mij vruchtbaar gemaakt in dit land, waar ik als slaaf kwam.’

53 Zo gingen de zeven voorspoedige jaren voorbij. Toen begonnen de zeven jaren van hongersnood, precies zoals Jozef had voorspeld. 54 Ook in de omringende landen mislukten de oogsten, maar de Egyptische opslagplaatsen zaten vol graan. 55 Toen de Egyptenaren ook honger begonnen te lijden, smeekten zij de farao om eten en hij stuurde hen naar Jozef. ‘Doe precies wat hij zegt,’ droeg hij hun op. 56,57 Terwijl de hongersnood de hele wereld in haar greep had, opende Jozef de opslagplaatsen en verkocht graan aan de Egyptenaren en aan de buitenlanders die naar Egypte kwamen om graan van hem te kopen.

Pharaoh’s Dream

41 Now it happened at the end of two full years that Pharaoh had a dream, and behold, he was standing by the Nile. And behold, from the Nile seven cows came up, fine-looking and [a]fat; and they grazed in the (A)marsh grass. Then behold, seven other cows came up after them from the Nile, ugly and [b]thin, and they stood by the other cows on the bank of the Nile. Then the ugly and [c]thin cows ate the seven fine-looking and fat cows. Then Pharaoh awoke. But he fell asleep and dreamed a second time; and behold, seven ears of grain came up on a single stalk, plump and good. Then behold, seven ears, thin and scorched by the east wind, sprouted up after them. And the thin ears swallowed the seven plump and full ears. Then Pharaoh awoke, and behold, it was a dream. Now in the morning (B)his spirit was troubled, so he sent messengers and called for all the (C)soothsayer priests of Egypt, and all its (D)wise men. And Pharaoh told them his [d]dreams, but (E)there was no one who could interpret them for Pharaoh.

Then the chief cupbearer spoke to Pharaoh, saying, “I would make mention today of (F)my own [e]offenses. 10 Pharaoh was (G)furious with his servants, and (H)he put me in confinement in the house of the captain of the bodyguard, both me and the chief baker. 11 Then (I)we had a dream one night, [f]he and I; each of us dreamed according to the interpretation of his own dream. 12 Now a Hebrew youth was there with us, a (J)servant of the captain of the bodyguard, and we told him the dreams, and (K)he interpreted our dreams for us. For each man he interpreted according to his own dream. 13 And just (L)as he interpreted for us, so it happened; Pharaoh restored me in my office, but he hanged [g]the chief baker.”

Joseph Interprets

14 Then Pharaoh sent word and (M)called for Joseph, and they (N)hurriedly brought him out of the dungeon; and when he had shaved himself and changed his clothes, he came to Pharaoh. 15 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have had a dream, (O)but no one can interpret it; and (P)I have heard [h]it said about you, that [i]when you hear a dream you can interpret it.” 16 Joseph then answered Pharaoh, saying, “[j](Q)It has nothing to do with me; (R)God will [k]give Pharaoh an answer for his own good.” 17 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream, there I was, standing on the bank of the Nile; 18 and behold, seven cows, [l]fat and fine-looking came up out of the Nile, and they grazed in the marsh grass. 19 Then behold, seven other cows came up after them, poor and very [m]ugly and [n]thin, such as I had never seen for [o]ugliness in all the land of Egypt; 20 and the thin and ugly cows ate the first seven fat cows. 21 Yet when they had [p]devoured them, it could not be [q]detected that they had [r]devoured them, [s]for they were just as ugly as [t]before. Then I awoke. 22 I saw also in my dream, and behold, seven ears of grain, full and good, came up on a single stalk; 23 and behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and scorched by the east wind sprouted up after them; 24 and the thin ears swallowed the seven good ears. Then (S)I told it to the soothsayer priests, but there was no one who could explain it to me.”

25 And Joseph said to Pharaoh, “Pharaoh’s [u]dreams are one and the same; (T)God has told to Pharaoh what He is about to do. 26 The seven good cows are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years; the [v]dreams are one and the same. 27 The seven thin and ugly cows that came up after them are seven years, and the seven thin ears scorched by the east wind (U)will be seven years of famine. 28 [w]It is as I have spoken to Pharaoh: (V)God has shown Pharaoh what He is about to do. 29 Behold, (W)seven years of great abundance are coming in all the land of Egypt; 30 and after them (X)seven years of famine will [x]come, and all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt, and the famine will [y]ravage the land. 31 So the abundance will be unknown in the land because of that subsequent famine; for it will be very severe. 32 Now as for the repeating of the dream to Pharaoh twice, it means that (Y)the matter is confirmed by God, and God will quickly bring it about. 33 So now let Pharaoh look for a man (Z)discerning and wise, and appoint him over the land of Egypt. 34 Let Pharaoh take action to appoint overseers [z]in charge of the land, and let him take a fifth of the produce of the land of Egypt as a tax in the seven years of abundance. 35 Then have them (AA)collect all the food of these good years that are coming, and store up the grain for food in the cities under Pharaoh’s authority, and have them guard it. 36 Let the food be used as a reserve for the land for the seven years of famine which will occur in the land of Egypt, so that the land will not perish during the famine.”

37 Now the [aa]proposal seemed good [ab]to Pharaoh and [ac]to all his servants.

Joseph Is Made a Ruler of Egypt

38 Then Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find a man like this, (AB)in whom there is a divine spirit?” 39 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has informed you of all this, there is no one as (AC)discerning and wise as you are. 40 (AD)You shall be [ad]in charge of my house, and all my people shall [ae]be obedient to you; only regarding the throne will I be greater than you.” 41 Pharaoh also said to Joseph, “See, I have placed you (AE)over all the land of Egypt.” 42 Then Pharaoh (AF)took off his signet ring from his hand and put it on Joseph’s hand, and clothed him in garments of fine linen, and (AG)put the gold necklace around his neck. 43 And he had him ride in [af]his second chariot; and they proclaimed ahead of him, “[ag]Bow the knee!” And he placed him over all the land of Egypt. 44 Moreover, Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Though I am Pharaoh, yet (AH)without [ah]your permission no one shall raise his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.” 45 Then Pharaoh named Joseph [ai]Zaphenath-paneah; and he gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of [aj](AI)On, to be his wife. And Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.

46 Now Joseph was (AJ)thirty years old when he [ak]stood in the presence of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh and went through all the land of Egypt. 47 During the seven years of plenty the land produced [al]abundantly. 48 So he collected all the food of these seven years which occurred in the land of Egypt and put the food in the cities; he put in every city the food from its own surrounding fields. 49 Joseph stored up grain [am]in great abundance like the sand of the sea, until he stopped [an]measuring it, for it was [ao]beyond measure.

The Sons of Joseph

50 Now before the year of famine came, (AK)two sons were born to Joseph, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of [ap]On, bore to him. 51 Joseph named the firstborn [aq]Manasseh; “For,” he said, “God has made me forget all my trouble and all of my father’s household.” 52 And he named the second [ar]Ephraim; “For,” he said, “(AL)God has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.”

53 When the seven years of plenty which had taken place in the land of Egypt came to an end, 54 and (AM)the seven years of famine began to come, just as Joseph had said, then there was famine in all the lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. 55 So when all the land of Egypt suffered famine, the people cried out to Pharaoh for bread; and Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph; (AN)whatever he says to you, you shall do.” 56 When the famine was spread over the entire face of the earth, then Joseph opened all [as]the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians; and the famine was severe in the land of Egypt. 57 Then the people of all the earth came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph, because (AO)the famine was severe in all the earth.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 41:2 Lit fat of flesh
  2. Genesis 41:3 Lit thin of flesh
  3. Genesis 41:4 Lit thin of flesh
  4. Genesis 41:8 Lit dream
  5. Genesis 41:9 Or sins
  6. Genesis 41:11 Lit I and he
  7. Genesis 41:13 Lit him
  8. Genesis 41:15 Lit about you, saying
  9. Genesis 41:15 Lit you hear a dream to interpret it
  10. Genesis 41:16 Lit Apart from me
  11. Genesis 41:16 Lit answer the peace of Pharaoh
  12. Genesis 41:18 Lit fat of flesh
  13. Genesis 41:19 Lit bad
  14. Genesis 41:19 Lit thin of flesh
  15. Genesis 41:19 Lit badness
  16. Genesis 41:21 Lit entered their inward parts
  17. Genesis 41:21 Or known
  18. Genesis 41:21 Lit entered their inward parts
  19. Genesis 41:21 Lit and
  20. Genesis 41:21 Lit in the beginning
  21. Genesis 41:25 Lit dream is
  22. Genesis 41:26 Lit dream is
  23. Genesis 41:28 Lit That is the thing which I spoke
  24. Genesis 41:30 Lit arise
  25. Genesis 41:30 Lit destroy
  26. Genesis 41:34 Lit over
  27. Genesis 41:37 Lit word
  28. Genesis 41:37 Lit in the sight of
  29. Genesis 41:37 Lit in the sight of
  30. Genesis 41:40 Lit over
  31. Genesis 41:40 Lit kiss your mouth; LXX obey at your command
  32. Genesis 41:43 Lit the second...which was his
  33. Genesis 41:43 Or Make way
  34. Genesis 41:44 Lit you no one
  35. Genesis 41:45 Prob. Egyptian for “God speaks; he lives”
  36. Genesis 41:45 Or Heliopolis
  37. Genesis 41:46 Or entered the service of
  38. Genesis 41:47 Lit by handfuls
  39. Genesis 41:49 Lit very much
  40. Genesis 41:49 Lit numbering
  41. Genesis 41:49 Or without number
  42. Genesis 41:50 Or Heliopolis
  43. Genesis 41:51 I.e., making to forget
  44. Genesis 41:52 I.e., fruitfulness
  45. Genesis 41:56 Lit that which was in them