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Genesis 35
New English Translation

The Return to Bethel

35 Then God said to Jacob, “Go up at once[a] to Bethel and live there. Make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you fled from your brother Esau.”[b] 2 So Jacob told his household and all who were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods you have among you.[c] Purify yourselves and change your clothes.[d] 3 Let us go up at once[e] to Bethel. Then I will make[f] an altar there to God, who responded to me in my time of distress[g] and has been with me wherever I went.”[h]

4 So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods that were in their possession[i] and the rings that were in their ears.[j] Jacob buried them[k] under the oak[l] near Shechem 5 and they started on their journey.[m] The surrounding cities were afraid of God,[n] and they did not pursue the sons of Jacob.

6 Jacob and all those who were with him arrived at Luz (that is, Bethel) in the land of Canaan.[o] 7 He built an altar there and named the place El Bethel[p] because there God had revealed himself[q] to him when he was fleeing from his brother. 8 (Deborah,[r] Rebekah’s nurse, died and was buried under the oak below Bethel; thus it was named[s] Oak of Weeping.)[t]

9 God appeared to Jacob again after he returned from Paddan Aram and blessed him. 10 God said to him, “Your name is Jacob, but your name will no longer be called Jacob; Israel will be your name.” So God named him Israel.[u] 11 Then God said to him, “I am the Sovereign God.[v] Be fruitful and multiply! A nation—even a company of nations—will descend from you; kings will be among your descendants![w] 12 The land I gave[x] to Abraham and Isaac I will give to you. To your descendants[y] I will also give this land.” 13 Then God went up from the place[z] where he spoke with him. 14 So Jacob set up a sacred stone pillar in the place where God spoke with him.[aa] He poured out a drink offering on it, and then he poured oil on it.[ab] 15 Jacob named the place[ac] where God spoke with him Bethel.[ad]

16 They traveled on from Bethel, and when Ephrath was still some distance away,[ae] Rachel went into labor[af]—and her labor was hard. 17 When her labor was at its hardest,[ag] the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for you are having another son.”[ah] 18 With her dying breath,[ai] she named him Ben Oni.[aj] But his father called him Benjamin instead.[ak] 19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).[al] 20 Jacob set up a marker[am] over her grave; it is[an] the Marker of Rachel’s Grave to this day.

21 Then Israel traveled on and pitched his tent beyond Migdal Eder.[ao] 22 While Israel was living in that land, Reuben went to bed with[ap] Bilhah, his father’s concubine, and Israel heard about it.

Jacob had twelve sons:

23 The sons of Leah were Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, as well as Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.
24 The sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin.
25 The sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s servant, were Dan and Naphtali.
26 The sons of Zilpah, Leah’s servant, were Gad and Asher.

These were the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan Aram.

27 So Jacob came back to his father Isaac in Mamre,[aq] to Kiriath Arba[ar] (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had stayed.[as] 28 Isaac lived to be 180 years old.[at] 29 Then Isaac breathed his last and joined his ancestors.[au] He died an old man who had lived a full life.[av] His sons Esau and Jacob buried him.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 35:1 tn Heb “arise, go up.” The first imperative gives the command a sense of urgency.
  2. Genesis 35:1 sn God is calling on Jacob to fulfill his vow he made when he fled from…Esau (see Gen 28:20-22).
  3. Genesis 35:2 tn Heb “which are in your midst.”
  4. Genesis 35:2 sn The actions of removing false gods, becoming ritually clean, and changing garments would become necessary steps in Israel when approaching the Lord in worship.
  5. Genesis 35:3 tn Heb “let us arise and let us go up.” The first cohortative gives the statement a sense of urgency.
  6. Genesis 35:3 tn The cohortative with the prefixed conjunction here indicates purpose or consequence.
  7. Genesis 35:3 tn Heb “day of distress.” See Ps 20:1 which utilizes similar language.
  8. Genesis 35:3 tn Heb “in the way in which I went.” Jacob alludes here to God’s promise to be with him (see Gen 28:20).
  9. Genesis 35:4 tn Heb “in their hand.”
  10. Genesis 35:4 tn Or “the rings that were in the ears of the idols.” The third person plural suffix on the word בְּאָזְנֵיהֶם (beʾoznehem, “in their ears”) could refer to the members of Jacob’s household or the “gods” which they possessed. Most exegetes understand it to refer to the people, but Victor Hurowitz, “Who Lost an Earring? Genesis 35:4 Reconsidered,” CBQ 62 (2000): 28-32, argues that the earrings were in the ears of the idols.sn On the basis of a comparison with Gen 34 and Num 31, G. J. Wenham (Genesis [WBC], 2:324) argues that the foreign gods and the rings could have been part of the plunder that came from the destruction of Shechem. Whereas if the rings were in the ears of the idols, then getting rid of the idols while not keeping the rings (even for monetary value) emphasizes the extent of putting away the foreign gods and purifying themselves. N. Fox has suggested that ear rings in the idols related to the gods hearing prayers while ear rings in the people symbolized obedience (John Walton, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary I, 119). If so, giving the earrings further symbolized the breaking of relationship with these false gods.
  11. Genesis 35:4 sn Jacob buried them. On the burial of the gods, see E. Nielson, “The Burial of the Foreign Gods,” ST 8 (1954/55): 102-22.
  12. Genesis 35:4 tn Or “terebinth.”
  13. Genesis 35:5 tn Heb “and they journeyed.”
  14. Genesis 35:5 tn Heb “and the fear of God was upon the cities which were round about them.” The expression “fear of God” apparently refers (1) to a fear of God (objective genitive; God is the object of their fear). (2) But it could mean “fear from God,” that is, fear which God placed in them (cf. NRSV “a terror from God”). Another option (3) is that the divine name is used as a superlative here, referring to “tremendous fear” (cf. NEB “were panic-stricken”; NASB “a great terror”).
  15. Genesis 35:6 tn Heb “and Jacob came to Luz which is in the land of Canaan—it is Bethel—he and all the people who were with him.”
  16. Genesis 35:7 sn The name El Bethel means “God of Bethel.”
  17. Genesis 35:7 tn Heb “revealed themselves.” The verb נִגְלוּ (niglu), translated “revealed himself,” is plural, even though one expects the singular form with the plural of majesty. Perhaps אֱלֹהִים (ʾelohim) is here a numerical plural, referring both to God and the angelic beings that appeared to Jacob. See the note on the word “know” in Gen 3:5.
  18. Genesis 35:8 sn Deborah. This woman had been Rebekah’s nurse, but later attached herself to Jacob. She must have been about 180 years old when she died.
  19. Genesis 35:8 tn “and he called its name.” There is no expressed subject, so the verb can be translated as passive.
  20. Genesis 35:8 tn Or “Allon Bacuth,” if one transliterates the Hebrew name (cf. NEB, NIV, NRSV). An oak tree was revered in the ancient world and often designated as a shrine or landmark. This one was named for the weeping (mourning) occasioned by the death of Deborah.
  21. Genesis 35:10 tn Heb “and he called his name Israel.” The referent of the pronoun “he” (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.sn The name Israel means “God fights” (although some interpret the meaning as “he fights [with] God”). See Gen 32:28.
  22. Genesis 35:11 tn The name אֵל שַׁדַּי (ʾel shadday, “El Shaddai”) has often been translated “God Almighty,” primarily because Jerome translated it omnipotens (“all powerful”) in the Latin Vulgate. There has been much debate over the meaning of the name. For discussion see W. F. Albright, “The Names Shaddai and Abram,” JBL 54 (1935): 173-210; R. Gordis, “The Biblical Root sdy-sd,” JTS 41 (1940): 34-43; and especially T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 69-72. Shaddai/El Shaddai is the sovereign king of the world who grants, blesses, and judges. In the Book of Genesis he blesses the patriarchs with fertility and promises numerous descendants. Outside Genesis he both blesses/protects and takes away life/happiness. The patriarchs knew God primarily as El Shaddai (Exod 6:3). While the origin and meaning of this name are uncertain its significance is clear. The name is used in contexts where God appears as the source of fertility and life. For a fuller discussion see the note on “Sovereign God” in Gen 17:1.
  23. Genesis 35:11 tn Heb “A nation and a company of nations will be from you and kings from your loins will come out.”sn A nation…will descend from you. The promise is rooted in the Abrahamic promise (see Gen 17). God confirms what Isaac told Jacob (see Gen 28:3-4). Here, though, for the first time Jacob is promised kings as descendants.
  24. Genesis 35:12 tn The Hebrew verb translated “gave” refers to the Abrahamic promise of the land. However, the actual possession of that land lay in the future. The decree of the Lord made it certain, but it has the sense “promised to give.”
  25. Genesis 35:12 tn Heb “and to your offspring after you.”
  26. Genesis 35:13 tn Heb “went up from upon him in the place.”
  27. Genesis 35:14 tn Heb “and Jacob set up a sacred pillar in the place where he spoke with him, a sacred pillar of stone” (see the notes on the term “sacred stone” in Gen 28:18). This passage stands parallel to Gen 28:18-19, where Jacob set up a sacred stone, poured oil on it, and called the place Bethel. Some commentators see these as two traditions referring to the same event, but it is more likely that Jacob reconsecrated the place in fulfillment of the vow he had made here earlier. In support of this is the fact that the present narrative alludes to and is built on the previous one.
  28. Genesis 35:14 tn The verb נָסַךְ (nasakh) means “to pour out, to make libations,” and the noun נֶסֶךְ (nesekh) is a “drink-offering,” usually of wine or of blood. The verb יָצַק (yatsaq) means “to pour out,” often of anointing oil, but of other elements as well.
  29. Genesis 35:15 sn Called the name of the place. In view of the previous naming of Bethel in Gen 28:19, here Jacob was confirming or affirming the name through an official ritual marking the fulfillment of the vow. This place now did become Bethel, the house of God.
  30. Genesis 35:15 tn The name Bethel means “house of God” in Hebrew.
  31. Genesis 35:16 tn Heb “and there was still a stretch of the land to go to Ephrath.”
  32. Genesis 35:16 tn Normally the verb would be translated “she gave birth,” but because that obviously had not happened yet, it is better to translate the verb as ingressive, “began to give birth” (cf. NIV) or “went into labor.”
  33. Genesis 35:17 tn The construction uses a Hiphil infinitive, which E. A. Speiser classifies as an elative Hiphil. The contrast is with the previous Piel: there “she had hard labor,” and here, “her labor was at its hardest.” Failure to see this, Speiser notes, has led to redundant translations and misunderstandings (Genesis [AB], 273).
  34. Genesis 35:17 sn Another son. The episode recalls and fulfills the prayer of Rachel at the birth of Joseph (Gen 30:24): “may he add” another son.
  35. Genesis 35:18 tn Heb “in the going out of her life, for she was dying.” Rachel named the child with her dying breath.
  36. Genesis 35:18 sn The name Ben Oni means “son of my suffering.” It is ironic that Rachel’s words to Jacob in Gen 30:1, “Give me children or I’ll die,” take a different turn here, for it was having the child that brought about her death.
  37. Genesis 35:18 tn The disjunctive clause is contrastive.sn His father called him Benjamin. There was a preference for giving children good or positive names in the ancient world, and “son of my suffering” would not do (see the incident in 1 Chr 4:9-10), because it would be a reminder of the death of Rachel (in this connection, see also D. Daube, “The Night of Death,” HTR 61 [1968]: 629-32). So Jacob named him Benjamin, which means “son of the [or “my”] right hand.” The name Benjamin appears in the Mari texts. There have been attempts to connect this name to the resident tribe listed at Mari, “sons of the south” (since the term “right hand” can also mean “south” in Hebrew), but this assumes a different reading of the story. See J. Muilenburg, “The Birth of Benjamin,” JBL 75 (1956): 194-201.
  38. Genesis 35:19 sn This explanatory note links the earlier name Ephrath with the later name Bethlehem.
  39. Genesis 35:20 tn Heb “standing stone.”
  40. Genesis 35:20 tn Or perhaps “it is known as” (cf. NEB).
  41. Genesis 35:21 sn The location of Migdal Eder is not given. It appears to be somewhere between Bethlehem and Hebron. Various traditions have identified it as at the shepherds’ fields near Bethlehem (the Hebrew name Migdal Eder means “tower of the flock”; see Mic 4:8) or located it near Solomon’s pools.
  42. Genesis 35:22 tn Heb “lay down with.” The verb שָׁכַב (shakhav) “to lie down” can imply going to bed to sleep or be a euphemism for sexual relations.sn Reuben’s act of having sexual relations with Bilhah probably had other purposes than merely satisfying his sexual desire. By having sex with Bilhah, Reuben (Leah’s oldest son) would have prevented Bilhah from succeeding Rachel as the favorite wife, and by sleeping with his father’s concubine he would also be attempting to take over leadership of the clan—something Absalom foolishly attempted later on in Israel’s history (2 Sam 16:21-22).
  43. Genesis 35:27 tn This is an adverbial accusative of location.
  44. Genesis 35:27 tn The name “Kiriath Arba” is in apposition to the preceding name, “Mamre.”
  45. Genesis 35:27 tn The Hebrew verb גּוּר (gur), traditionally rendered “to sojourn,” refers to temporary settlement without ownership rights.
  46. Genesis 35:28 tn Heb “And the days of Isaac were 180 years.”
  47. Genesis 35:29 tn Heb “and Isaac expired and died and he was gathered to his people.” In the ancient Israelite view he joined his deceased ancestors in Sheol, the land of the dead.
  48. Genesis 35:29 tn Heb “old and full of years.”
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Génesis 35
Nueva Versión Internacional

Jacob vuelve a Betel

35 Dios dijo a Jacob: «Sube a Betel y quédate a vivir ahí. Erige allí un altar al Dios que se te apareció cuando escapabas de tu hermano Esaú».

2 Entonces Jacob dijo a su familia y a quienes lo acompañaban: «Desháganse de todos los dioses extraños que tengan con ustedes, purifíquense y cámbiense de ropa. 3 Subamos a Betel. Allí construiré un altar al Dios que me socorrió cuando estaba yo en peligro y que me ha acompañado en mi camino».

4 Así que entregaron a Jacob todos los dioses extraños que tenían, junto con los aretes que llevaban en las orejas, y Jacob los enterró a la sombra de la encina que estaba cerca de Siquén. 5 Cuando partieron, nadie persiguió a la familia de Jacob, porque un terror divino se apoderó de las ciudades vecinas.

6 Fue así como Jacob y quienes lo acompañaban llegaron a Luz, es decir, Betel, en la tierra de Canaán. 7 Erigió un altar y llamó a ese lugar El Betel,[a] porque allí se le había revelado Dios cuando escapaba de su hermano Esaú.

8 Por esos días murió Débora, la nodriza de Rebeca, y la sepultaron a la sombra de un árbol de roble que se encuentra cerca de Betel. Por eso Jacob llamó a ese lugar Elón Bacut.[b]

9 Cuando Jacob regresó de Padán Aram,[c] Dios se le apareció otra vez y lo bendijo 10 con estas palabras: «Tu nombre es Jacob,[d] pero ya no te llamarás así. De aquí en adelante te llamarás Israel».[e] Y en efecto, ese fue el nombre que le puso.

11 Luego Dios añadió: «Yo soy el Dios Todopoderoso. Sé fecundo y multiplícate. De ti nacerá una nación y una comunidad de naciones, y habrá reyes entre tus descendientes. 12 La tierra que di a Abraham y a Isaac te la doy a ti y a tus descendientes». 13 Y Dios se retiró del lugar donde había hablado con Jacob.

14 Jacob erigió una piedra como monumento en el lugar donde Dios le había hablado. Vertió sobre ella una ofrenda líquida, la ungió con aceite 15 y al lugar donde Dios le había hablado lo llamó Betel.[f]

La muerte de Raquel y el pecado de Rubén

16 Después partieron de Betel. Cuando estaban a cierta distancia de Efrata, Raquel dio a luz, pero tuvo un parto muy difícil. 17 En el momento más difícil del parto, la partera le dijo: «¡No temas; estás por tener otro varón!». 18 No obstante, ella se estaba muriendo y en sus últimos suspiros alcanzó a llamar a su hijo Benoní,[g] pero Jacob, su padre, le puso por nombre Benjamín.[h]

19 Así murió Raquel y la sepultaron en el camino que va hacia Efrata, que es Belén. 20 Sobre la tumba Jacob erigió un monumento, que hasta el día de hoy señala el lugar donde Raquel fue sepultada.

21 Israel siguió su camino y acampó más allá de la Torre del Rebaño. 22 Mientras vivía en esa región, Rubén fue y se acostó con Bilhá, la concubina[i] de su padre. Cuando Israel se enteró de esto, se enojó muchísimo.[j]

Los hijos de Jacob(A)

Jacob tuvo doce hijos:

23 Los hijos de Lea fueron:

Rubén, que era el primogénito de Jacob,

Simeón, Leví, Judá, Isacar y Zabulón.

24 Los hijos de Raquel fueron:

José y Benjamín.

25 Los hijos de Bilhá, la esclava de Raquel:

Dan y Neftalí.

26 Los hijos de Zilpá, la esclava de Lea:

Gad y Aser.

Estos fueron los hijos que tuvo Jacob en Padán Aram.

Muerte de Isaac

27 Jacob volvió a la casa de su padre Isaac en Mamré, cerca de Quiriat Arbá, es decir, Hebrón, donde también habían vivido Abraham e Isaac. 28 Isaac tenía ciento ochenta años 29 cuando se reunió con sus antepasados. Era ya muy anciano cuando murió; lo sepultaron sus hijos Esaú y Jacob.

Footnotes

  1. 35:7 En hebreo, El Betel significa Dios de Betel.
  2. 35:8 En hebreo, Elón Bacut significa roble del llanto.
  3. 35:9 Padán Aram. Es decir, el noroeste de Mesopotamia; también en v. 26.
  4. 35:10 En hebreo, Jacob significa él agarra el talón (en sentido figurado: él suplanta o engaña).
  5. 35:10 En hebreo, Israel significa él lucha con Dios.
  6. 35:15 En hebreo, Betel significa casa de Dios.
  7. 35:18 En hebreo, Benoní significa hijo de mi aflicción o hijo de mi tristeza.
  8. 35:18 En hebreo, Benjamín significa hijo de mi mano derecha.
  9. 35:22 Véase nota en Gn 22:24.
  10. 35:22 Cuando … muchísimo (LXX); Israel se enteró (TM).
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Genesis 35
Revised Geneva Translation

35 Then God said to Jacob, “Arise. Go up to Bethel and dwell there and make there an altar to God (Who appeared to you when you fled from Esau, your brother).”

2 Then Jacob said to his household, and to all who were with him, “Put away the strange gods that are among you; and cleanse yourselves and change your garments.

3 “For we will rise and go up to Bethel. And I will make there an altar to God (Who heard me on the day of my tribulation and was with me on the way which I went).”

4 And they gave to Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hands, and all their earrings which were in their ears. And Jacob hid them under an oak which was by Shechem.

5 Then they went on their journey. And the fear of God was upon the cities that were around them, so that they did not follow after the sons of Jacob.

6 So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan (the same is Bethel), he and all the people that were with him.

7 And he built an altar there and had called the place “The God of Bethel”, because God appeared to him there when he fled from his brother.

8 But Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died and was buried beneath Bethel, under an oak. And he called the name of it “Allon Bachuth”.

9 Again, God appeared to Jacob after he came to Padan Aram and blessed him.

10 Moreover, God said to him, “Your name is Jacob. No more shall your name be called ‘Jacob’, but ‘Israel’ shall be your name.” And He called his name “Israel”.

11 And God said to him, “I am God All-Sufficient. Grow and multiply. A nation and a multitude of nations shall spring from you; and kings shall come out of your loins.

12 “I will also give you the land which I gave to Abraham and Isaac; and I will give that land to your seed after you.”

13 So God ascended from him in the place where he had talked with him.

14 And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him (a pillar of stone) and poured drink offerings on it. He also poured oil on it.

15 And Jacob called the name of that place where God spoke with him, “Bethel”.

16 Then they departed from Bethel, and when they were about half a day’s journey from Ephrath, Rachel labored; and she was in peril in her labor.

17 And when she was in the pains of her labor, the midwife said to her, “Do not fear. For you shall have this son also.”

18 Then, as she was about to give up the ghost (for she died), she called his name, “Ben-Oni”. But his father called him “Benjamin”.

19 Thus Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem.

20 And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave. This is the pillar of Rachel’s grave to this day.

21 Then Israel went forward and pitched his tent beyond Migdal Eder.

22 Now, when Israel dwelt in that land, Reuben went and lay with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. And Israel heard about it. And Jacob had twelve sons.

23 The sons of Leah: Reuben, Jacob’s eldest son, and Simeon and Levi and Judah and Issachar and Zebulun.

24 The sons of Rachel; Joseph and Benjamin.

25 And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s maid: Dan and Naphtali.

26 And the sons of Zilpah, Leah’s maid: Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Padan Aram.

27 Then Jacob came to Isaac, his father, to Mamre, a city of Kirjath Arbah (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac were strangers.

28 And the days of Isaac were a hundred and eighty years.

29 And Isaac gave up the ghost and died and was gathered to his people, being old and full of days; and his sons, Esau and Jacob, buried him.

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