Genesis 17
Het Boek
God stelt de besnijdenis in
17 Toen Abram negenennegentig jaar oud was, kwam de Here bij hem en zei: ‘Ik ben God, de Almachtige, gehoorzaam Mij en leef als een oprecht man. 2 Ik sluit een verbond met u en zal u talloze nakomelingen geven.’ 3 Abram wierp zich op de grond en 4 God vervolgde: ‘U zult niet de vader van één, maar van vele volken worden. Ik zal ook uw naam veranderen. 5 U zult niet langer Abram heten, maar voortaan is uw naam Abraham (Vader van velen), want dat zult u zijn. Zo heb Ik het bepaald. 6 Ik zal u heel veel nakomelingen geven onder vele volken! Er zullen koningen onder uw nageslacht zijn.
7,8 Dit verbond zal overgaan op elke nieuwe generatie, voor altijd. Ook voor uw kinderen en hun kinderen zal Ik een God zijn. Het land Kanaän zal voor altijd van u en uw nakomelingen zijn. En Ik zal uw God zijn. 9,10 Uw gedeelte van het verbond bestaat uit het naleven van de regels. Dit is uw verplichting aan Mij: iedere mannelijke nakomeling moet worden besneden, 11 de voorhuid moet worden verwijderd. Dat zal voor Mij het teken zijn dat u en uw nakomelingen dit verbond accepteren en eerbiedigen. 12 Ieder jongetje moet acht dagen na zijn geboorte worden besneden. Dat geldt zowel voor een buitenlandse slaaf als voor iemand die in uw huis is geboren. 13 Dit is een blijvend teken van ons verbond en moet door uw hele nageslacht worden nageleefd. Iedere man moet worden besneden. Zo zal uw lichaam het teken zijn dat u deel uitmaakt van mijn eeuwig verbond. 14 Iemand die weigert zich te laten besnijden, moet worden verstoten. Die heeft mijn verbond gebroken.’
15 ‘Wat uw vrouw Sarai betreft,’ ging God verder, ‘zij zal niet langer Sarai heten, maar Sara (Prinses). 16 Ik zal haar zegenen en u een zoon bij haar geven! Ja, Ik zal haar zegenen en haar moeder maken van grote volken! Zij zal koningen voortbrengen.’
17 Abraham liet zich weer voor de Here op de grond vallen en dacht lachend bij zichzelf: ‘Hoe kan een man van honderd jaar vader worden en een vrouw van negentig jaar nog een kind krijgen?’ 18 En hij zei tegen de Here: ‘Och Here, het zou al mooi zijn als uw belofte voor Ismaël zou gelden.’ 19 Maar God zei: ‘Nee, uw vrouw Sara zal een zoon krijgen die Isaak (Gelach) zal heten en Ik zal mijn verbond ook met hem en zijn nakomelingen sluiten, voor altijd. 20 U hebt Mij gevraagd of Ik Ismaël ook wil zegenen, dat zal Ik zeker doen. Zijn nageslacht zal groot zijn en onder zijn nakomelingen zullen twaalf vorsten zijn. 21 Maar mijn verbond sluit Ik met Isaak, die Sara volgend jaar om deze tijd ter wereld zal brengen.’ 22 Zo eindigde het gesprek en God verliet Abraham.
23 Diezelfde dag nog besneed Abraham Ismaël en alle andere mannelijke huisgenoten—daar geboren of ergens gekocht—zoals God hem had opgedragen. 24 Abraham was toen negenennegentig jaar, 25 Ismaël was dertien. 26 Beiden werden op dezelfde dag besneden, 27 samen met de andere mannelijke huisgenoten.
Genesis 17
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
Chapter 17
Covenant of Circumcision.[a] 1 When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to Abram and said: I am God the Almighty. Walk in my presence and be blameless.(A) 2 Between you and me I will establish my covenant, and I will multiply you exceedingly.(B)
3 Abram fell face down and God said to him: 4 For my part, here is my covenant with you: you are to become the father of a multitude of nations.(C) 5 No longer will you be called Abram; your name will be Abraham,[b] for I am making you the father of a multitude of nations.(D) 6 I will make you exceedingly fertile; I will make nations of you; kings will stem from you. 7 I will maintain my covenant between me and you and your descendants after you throughout the ages as an everlasting covenant, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you.(E) 8 I will give to you and to your descendants after you the land in which you are now residing as aliens, the whole land of Canaan, as a permanent possession; and I will be their God.(F) 9 God said to Abraham: For your part, you and your descendants after you must keep my covenant throughout the ages. 10 This is the covenant between me and you and your descendants after you that you must keep: every male among you shall be circumcised.[c](G) 11 Circumcise the flesh of your foreskin. That will be the sign of the covenant between me and you.(H) 12 Throughout the ages, every male among you, when he is eight days old, shall be circumcised, including houseborn slaves and those acquired with money from any foreigner who is not of your descendants.(I) 13 Yes, both the houseborn slaves and those acquired with money must be circumcised. Thus my covenant will be in your flesh as an everlasting covenant. 14 If a male is uncircumcised, that is, if the flesh of his foreskin has not been cut away, such a one will be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.
15 God further said to Abraham: As for Sarai your wife, do not call her Sarai; her name will be Sarah.[d] 16 I will bless her, and I will give you a son by her. Her also will I bless; she will give rise to nations, and rulers of peoples will issue from her.(J) 17 Abraham fell face down and laughed[e] as he said to himself, “Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Can Sarah give birth at ninety?”(K) 18 So Abraham said to God, “If only Ishmael could live in your favor!” 19 God replied: Even so, your wife Sarah is to bear you a son, and you shall call him Isaac. It is with him that I will maintain my covenant as an everlasting covenant and with his descendants after him.(L) 20 Now as for Ishmael, I will heed you: I hereby bless him. I will make him fertile and will multiply him exceedingly. He will become the father of twelve chieftains, and I will make of him a great nation.(M) 21 But my covenant I will maintain with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to you by this time next year.(N) 22 When he had finished speaking with Abraham, God departed from him.
23 Then Abraham took his son Ishmael and all his slaves, whether born in his house or acquired with his money—every male among the members of Abraham’s household—and he circumcised the flesh of their foreskins on that same day, as God had told him to do. 24 Abraham was ninety-nine years old when the flesh of his foreskin was circumcised,(O) 25 and his son Ishmael was thirteen years old when the flesh of his foreskin was circumcised. 26 Thus, on that same day Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised; 27 and all the males of his household, including the slaves born in his house or acquired with his money from foreigners, were circumcised with him.
Footnotes
- 17:1–27 The Priestly source gathers the major motifs of the story so far and sets them firmly within a covenant context; the word “covenant” occurs thirteen times. There are links to the covenant with Noah (v. 1 = 6:9; v. 7 = 9:9; v. 11 = 9:12–17). In this chapter, vv. 1–8 promise progeny and land; vv. 9–14 are instructions about circumcision; vv. 15–21 repeat the promise of a son to Sarah and distinguish this promise from that to Hagar; vv. 22–27 describe Abraham’s carrying out the commands. The Almighty: traditional rendering of Hebrew El Shaddai, which is P’s favorite designation of God in the period of the ancestors. Its etymology is uncertain, but its root meaning is probably “God, the One of the Mountains.”
- 17:5 Abram and Abraham are merely two forms of the same name, both meaning, “the father is exalted”; another variant form is Abiram (Nm 16:1; 1 Kgs 16:34). The additional -ha- in the form Abraham is explained by popular etymology as coming from ab-hamon goyim, “father of a multitude of nations.”
- 17:10 Circumcised: circumcision was widely practiced in the ancient world, usually as an initiation rite for males at puberty. By shifting the time of circumcision to the eighth day after birth, biblical religion made it no longer a “rite of passage” but the sign of the eternal covenant between God and the community descending from Abraham.
- 17:15 Sarai and Sarah are variant forms of the same name, both meaning “princess.”
- 17:17 Laughed: yishaq, which is also the Hebrew form of the name “Isaac”; similar explanations of the name are given in Gn 18:12 and 21:6.
Genesis 17
King James Version
17 And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the Lord appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect.
2 And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.
3 And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying,
4 As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations.
5 Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.
6 And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee.
7 And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.
8 And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.
9 And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations.
10 This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised.
11 And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you.
12 And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed.
13 He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.
14 And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant.
15 And God said unto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be.
16 And I will bless her, and give thee a son also of her: yea, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of people shall be of her.
17 Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, Shall a child be born unto him that is an hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?
18 And Abraham said unto God, O that Ishmael might live before thee!
19 And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him.
20 And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.
21 But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year.
22 And he left off talking with him, and God went up from Abraham.
23 And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham's house; and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as God had said unto him.
24 And Abraham was ninety years old and nine, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
25 And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
26 In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his son.
27 And all the men of his house, born in the house, and bought with money of the stranger, were circumcised with him.
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