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So Jacob departed from Beer-sheba, and the sons of Israel put their father and their wives and children on the wagons that Pharaoh had sent to transport him.

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11 Accordingly, they set supervisors over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor.(A) Thus they had to build for Pharaoh[a] the garrison cities of Pithom and Raamses.

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Footnotes

  1. 1:11 Pharaoh: not a personal name, but a title common to all the kings of Egypt.

II. The Call and Commission of Moses

The Burning Bush. 23 A long time passed, during which the king of Egypt died. The Israelites groaned under their bondage and cried out, and from their bondage their cry for help went up to God.(A) 24 God heard their moaning and God was mindful of his covenant(B) with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. 25 God saw the Israelites, and God knew….[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 2:25 God knew: in response to the people’s cry, God, mindful of the covenant, looks on their plight and acknowledges firsthand the depth of their suffering (see 3:7). In vv. 23–25, traditionally attributed to the Priestly writer, God is mentioned five times, in contrast to the rest of chaps. 1–2, where God is rarely mentioned. These verses serve as a fitting transition to Moses’ call in chap. 3.