Jacob devant le pharaon

47 Joseph alla donc informer le pharaon et lui dit : Mon père et mes frères sont arrivés du pays de Canaan avec leurs moutons, leurs chèvres, leurs bovins, tout ce qui leur appartient ; et ils sont dans la région de Goshen.

Il avait emmené avec lui cinq de ses frères qu’il présenta au pharaon. Le pharaon leur demanda : Quelles sont vos occupations ?

Ils répondirent : Tes serviteurs sont bergers comme l’étaient nos ancêtres. Et ils ajoutèrent : Nous sommes venus séjourner dans le pays, car la famine sévit durement au pays de Canaan et il n’y a plus de pâturage pour les troupeaux de tes serviteurs là-bas. Permets donc à tes serviteurs de s’installer dans la région de Goshen.

Le pharaon dit à Joseph : Ton père et tes frères sont venus te rejoindre ; le pays est à ta disposition. Installe-les dans la meilleure province du pays : qu’ils habitent dans la région de Goshen. Et si tu sais qu’il y a parmi eux des hommes de valeur, tu les établiras comme responsables de mes troupeaux.

Joseph fit aussi venir son père Jacob pour le présenter au pharaon. Jacob bénit le pharaon.

Celui-ci lui demanda : Quel âge as-tu ?

Jacob répondit : Le nombre de mes années de migrations est de cent trente. Les jours de ma vie ont été peu nombreux et mauvais et je n’atteindrai pas le nombre des années qu’ont duré les migrations de mes ancêtres.

10 Puis Jacob bénit le pharaon et se retira. 11 Joseph installa son père et ses frères et leur donna une propriété dans la meilleure partie d’Egypte, dans la région de Ramsès[a], comme le pharaon l’avait ordonné. 12 Il procura à son père, à ses frères et à toute la famille de son père les vivres dont ils avaient besoin selon le nombre des personnes à leur charge.

Les Egyptiens deviennent esclaves du pharaon

13 La famine était si grande en Egypte et en Canaan qu’on ne trouvait plus nulle part de quoi manger, et les habitants dépérissaient. 14 En échange du blé qu’il vendait, Joseph recueillit tout l’argent qui se trouvait en Egypte et en Canaan, et en remplit les caisses du pharaon. 15 Quand il n’y eut plus d’argent en Egypte et en Canaan, tous les Egyptiens vinrent trouver Joseph et lui dirent : Donne-nous de quoi manger ! Pourquoi devrions-nous mourir là sous tes yeux parce que nous n’avons plus d’argent ?

16 Joseph répondit : Si vous n’avez plus d’argent, donnez-moi votre bétail, et je vous fournirai de la nourriture en échange de vos troupeaux.

17 Ils amenèrent donc leur bétail à Joseph qui leur donna de quoi manger en échange de leurs chevaux, de leurs ânes, et de leurs troupeaux de moutons, de chèvres et de bovins. Cette année-là, il leur assura la nourriture en échange de tous leurs troupeaux.

18 L’année suivante, ils revinrent le trouver et lui dirent : Mon seigneur n’est pas sans savoir que nous n’avons plus d’argent, nos troupeaux appartiennent à mon seigneur, nous n’avons plus rien à présenter à mon seigneur que nos corps et nos terres. 19 Pourquoi péririons-nous là sous tes yeux, nous et nos terres ? Achète-nous, avec nos terres, en échange de vivres, et nous deviendrons, avec nos terres, esclaves du pharaon. Donne-nous aussi du grain à semer pour que nous puissions survivre, au lieu de mourir, et que notre terre ne devienne pas un désert.

20 Alors Joseph acquit toutes les terres d’Egypte pour le compte du pharaon, car les Egyptiens vendirent chacun son champ, contraints par la famine, tant elle était rigoureuse. Ainsi, le pays devint la propriété du pharaon. 21 Quant aux habitants, il les réduisit à l’esclavage[b], d’un bout à l’autre de l’Egypte. 22 Les seules terres que Joseph n’acheta pas étaient celles des prêtres, car il existait un décret du pharaon en leur faveur et ils se nourrissaient de ce que le pharaon leur fournissait ; c’est pourquoi ils n’eurent pas à vendre leurs terres.

23 Joseph dit au peuple : Je vous ai achetés aujourd’hui, vous et vos terres, pour le compte du pharaon. Voici des grains : ensemencez vos champs ! 24 Mais vous donnerez le cinquième de vos récoltes au pharaon, les quatre autres parts seront à vous pour ensemencer les champs et pour vous nourrir, vous, vos enfants et tous ceux qui seront sous votre toit.

25 Ils dirent : Tu nous sauves la vie ! Puisque nous avons obtenu ta faveur, nous serons les esclaves du pharaon.

26 Joseph fit de cette disposition une loi pour toute l’Egypte – loi qui est encore aujourd’hui en vigueur – imposant le versement du cinquième de la récolte au pharaon. Seules les terres des prêtres ne passèrent pas en propriété au pharaon.

Les dernières volontés de Jacob

27 Israël s’installa en Egypte, dans la région de Goshen. Ils y acquirent des propriétés. Ils furent féconds et se multiplièrent. 28 Jacob vécut dix-sept ans en Egypte. La durée totale de sa vie fut de 147 ans. 29 Quand le jour de sa mort fut proche, il appela son fils, Joseph, et lui dit : Fais-moi une faveur : place, je te prie, ta main sous ma cuisse[c] et promets-moi d’agir envers moi avec amour et fidélité en ne m’enterrant pas en Egypte. 30 Quand j’aurai rejoint mes ancêtres, tu me transporteras hors d’Egypte pour m’ensevelir dans leur tombeau.

Joseph dit : J’agirai comme tu me l’as demandé.

31 Mais son père insista : Jure-le-moi.

Et il le lui jura. Alors Israël se prosterna au chevet de sa couche[d].

Footnotes

  1. 47.11 Certainement un autre nom du pays de Goshen (voir Ex 1.11 et note).
  2. 47.21 D’après le Pentateuque samaritain et la version grecque. Le texte hébreu traditionnel a : il les déplaçait dans les villes.
  3. 47.29 Serment solennel qui engage aussi les descendants (voir 24.2).
  4. 47.31 La version grecque a : appuyé sur son bâton. Cité en Hé 11.21 d’après la version grecque.

47 Then Joseph came and told Pharaoh, and said, My father and my brethren, and their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have, are come out of the land of Canaan; and, behold, they are in the land of Goshen.

And he took some of his brethren, even five men, and presented them unto Pharaoh.

And Pharaoh said unto his brethren, What is your occupation? And they said unto Pharaoh, Thy servants are shepherds, both we, and also our fathers.

They said morever unto Pharaoh, For to sojourn in the land are we come; for thy servants have no pasture for their flocks; for the famine is sore in the land of Canaan: now therefore, we pray thee, let thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen.

And Pharaoh spake unto Joseph, saying, Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee:

The land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land make thy father and brethren to dwell; in the land of Goshen let them dwell: and if thou knowest any men of activity among them, then make them rulers over my cattle.

And Joseph brought in Jacob his father, and set him before Pharaoh: and Jacob blessed Pharaoh.

And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou?

And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage.

10 And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from before Pharaoh.

11 And Joseph placed his father and his brethren, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded.

12 And Joseph nourished his father, and his brethren, and all his father's household, with bread, according to their families.

13 And there was no bread in all the land; for the famine was very sore, so that the land of Egypt and all the land of Canaan fainted by reason of the famine.

14 And Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the corn which they bought: and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh's house.

15 And when money failed in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came unto Joseph, and said, Give us bread: for why should we die in thy presence? for the money faileth.

16 And Joseph said, Give your cattle; and I will give you for your cattle, if money fail.

17 And they brought their cattle unto Joseph: and Joseph gave them bread in exchange for horses, and for the flocks, and for the cattle of the herds, and for the asses: and he fed them with bread for all their cattle for that year.

18 When that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, and said unto him, We will not hide it from my lord, how that our money is spent; my lord also hath our herds of cattle; there is not ought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands:

19 Wherefore shall we die before thine eyes, both we and our land? buy us and our land for bread, and we and our land will be servants unto Pharaoh: and give us seed, that we may live, and not die, that the land be not desolate.

20 And Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh; for the Egyptians sold every man his field, because the famine prevailed over them: so the land became Pharaoh's.

21 And as for the people, he removed them to cities from one end of the borders of Egypt even to the other end thereof.

22 Only the land of the priests bought he not; for the priests had a portion assigned them of Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which Pharaoh gave them: wherefore they sold not their lands.

23 Then Joseph said unto the people, Behold, I have bought you this day and your land for Pharaoh: lo, here is seed for you, and ye shall sow the land.

24 And it shall come to pass in the increase, that ye shall give the fifth part unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own, for seed of the field, and for your food, and for them of your households, and for food for your little ones.

25 And they said, Thou hast saved our lives: let us find grace in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh's servants.

26 And Joseph made it a law over the land of Egypt unto this day, that Pharaoh should have the fifth part, except the land of the priests only, which became not Pharaoh's.

27 And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt, in the country of Goshen; and they had possessions therein, and grew, and multiplied exceedingly.

28 And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years: so the whole age of Jacob was an hundred forty and seven years.

29 And the time drew nigh that Israel must die: and he called his son Joseph, and said unto him, If now I have found grace in thy sight, put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with me; bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt:

30 But I will lie with my fathers, and thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their buryingplace. And he said, I will do as thou hast said.

31 And he said, Swear unto me. And he sware unto him. And Israel bowed himself upon the bed's head.

Jacob’s Family Settles in Goshen

47 Then (A)Joseph went in and told Pharaoh, and said, “My father and my brothers and their flocks and their herds and all that they have, have come out of the land of Canaan; and behold, they are in the land of (B)Goshen.” He took five men from among his brothers and (C)presented them to Pharaoh. Then Pharaoh said to his brothers, “(D)What is your occupation?” So they said to Pharaoh, “Your servants are (E)shepherds, both we and our fathers.” They said to Pharaoh, “(F)We have come to sojourn in the land, for there is no pasture for your servants’ flocks, for (G)the famine is severe in the land of Canaan. Now, therefore, please let your servants [a](H)live in the land of Goshen.” Then Pharaoh said to [b]Joseph, “Your father and your brothers have come to you. The land of Egypt is [c]at your disposal; [d]settle your father and your brothers in (I)the best of the land, let them [e]live in the land of Goshen; and if you know any (J)capable men among them, then [f]put them in charge of my livestock.”

Then Joseph brought his father Jacob and [g]presented him to Pharaoh; and Jacob (K)blessed Pharaoh. Pharaoh said to Jacob, “How many [h]years have you lived?” So Jacob said to Pharaoh, “The [i](L)years of my sojourning are one hundred and [j]thirty; few and [k]unpleasant have been the [l]years of my life, nor have they [m]attained (M)the [n]years [o]that my fathers lived during the days of their sojourning.” 10 And Jacob (N)blessed Pharaoh, and went out from [p]his presence. 11 So Joseph [q]settled his father and his brothers and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in (O)the best of the land, in the land of (P)Rameses, as Pharaoh had ordered. 12 Joseph (Q)provided his father and his brothers and all his father’s household with [r]food, according to their little ones.

13 Now there was no [s]food in all the land, because the famine was very severe, so that (R)the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan languished because of the famine. 14 (S)Joseph gathered all the money that was found in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan for the grain which they bought, and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh’s house. 15 When the money was all spent in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came to Joseph [t]and said, “Give us [u]food, for (T)why should we die in your presence? For our money [v]is gone.” 16 Then Joseph said, “Give up your livestock, and I will give you food for your livestock, since your money [w]is gone.” 17 So they brought their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them [x]food in exchange for the horses and the [y]flocks and the herds and the donkeys; and he [z]fed them with [aa]food in exchange for all their livestock [ab]that year. 18 When that year was ended, they came to him the [ac]next year and said to him, “We will not hide from my lord that our money is all spent, and the [ad]cattle are my lord’s. There is nothing left [ae]for my lord except our bodies and our lands. 19 Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our land? Buy us and our land for [af]food, and we and our land will be slaves to Pharaoh. So give us seed, that we may live and not die, and that the land may not be desolate.”

Result of the Famine

20 So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, for [ag]every Egyptian sold his field, because the famine was severe upon them. Thus the land became Pharaoh’s. 21 As for the people, he removed them to the cities from one end of Egypt’s border to the other. 22 Only the land of the priests he did not buy, for the priests had an allotment from Pharaoh, and they [ah]lived off the allotment which Pharaoh gave them. Therefore, they did not sell their land. 23 Then Joseph said to the people, “Behold, I have today bought you and your land for Pharaoh; now, here is seed for you, and you may sow the land. 24 [ai]At the harvest you shall give a (U)fifth to Pharaoh, and [aj]four-fifths shall be your own for seed of the field and for your food and for those of your households and as food for your little ones.” 25 So they said, “You have saved our lives! Let us find favor in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh’s slaves.” 26 Joseph made it a statute concerning the land of Egypt valid to this day, that Pharaoh should have the fifth; (V)only the land of the priests [ak]did not become Pharaoh’s.

27 Now Israel [al]lived in the land of Egypt, in [am]Goshen, and they (W)acquired property in it and (X)were fruitful and became very numerous. 28 Jacob lived in the land of Egypt (Y)seventeen years; so the [an]length of Jacob’s life was one hundred and forty-seven years.

29 When [ao](Z)the time for Israel to die drew near, he called his son Joseph and said to him, “Please, if I have found favor in your sight, (AA)place now your hand under my thigh and (AB)deal with me in kindness and [ap]faithfulness. Please do not bury me in Egypt, 30 but when I (AC)lie down with my fathers, you shall carry me out of Egypt and bury me in (AD)their burial place.” And he said, “I will do as you have said.” 31 He said, “(AE)Swear to me.” So he swore to him. Then (AF)Israel bowed in worship at the head of the bed.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 47:4 Lit dwell
  2. Genesis 47:5 Lit Joseph, saying
  3. Genesis 47:6 Lit before you
  4. Genesis 47:6 Lit cause them to dwell
  5. Genesis 47:6 Lit dwell
  6. Genesis 47:6 Lit appoint them rulers
  7. Genesis 47:7 Lit set him before
  8. Genesis 47:8 Lit are the days of the years of your life
  9. Genesis 47:9 Lit days of the years
  10. Genesis 47:9 Lit thirty years
  11. Genesis 47:9 Lit evil
  12. Genesis 47:9 Lit days of the years
  13. Genesis 47:9 Lit reached
  14. Genesis 47:9 Lit days of the years
  15. Genesis 47:9 Lit of the life of my fathers
  16. Genesis 47:10 Lit Pharaoh’s
  17. Genesis 47:11 Lit caused to dwell
  18. Genesis 47:12 Or bread
  19. Genesis 47:13 Or bread
  20. Genesis 47:15 Lit saying
  21. Genesis 47:15 Or bread
  22. Genesis 47:15 Lit ceases
  23. Genesis 47:16 Lit ceases
  24. Genesis 47:17 Or bread
  25. Genesis 47:17 Lit livestock of the flocks and livestock of the herds
  26. Genesis 47:17 Lit led them as a shepherd
  27. Genesis 47:17 Or bread
  28. Genesis 47:17 Lit in that year
  29. Genesis 47:18 Lit second
  30. Genesis 47:18 Lit livestock of the cattle
  31. Genesis 47:18 Lit in the presence of
  32. Genesis 47:19 Or bread
  33. Genesis 47:20 Lit Egypt, every man
  34. Genesis 47:22 Lit ate their allotment
  35. Genesis 47:24 Lit It shall come about...that you shall
  36. Genesis 47:24 Lit four parts
  37. Genesis 47:26 Lit alone did
  38. Genesis 47:27 Lit dwelt
  39. Genesis 47:27 Lit in the land of Goshen
  40. Genesis 47:28 Lit days of Jacob, the years of his life
  41. Genesis 47:29 Lit the days of Israel to die drew near
  42. Genesis 47:29 Lit truth