Les rêves du pharaon

41 Deux années entières passèrent. Puis le pharaon fit un rêve : il se tenait au bord du Nil et vit sortir du fleuve sept vaches belles et bien grasses, qui se mirent à paître dans les roseaux. Puis, après elles, sept autres vaches sortirent du fleuve, elles étaient laides et décharnées. Elles vinrent se placer à côté des premières vaches, au bord du fleuve. Et voilà que les sept vaches laides et décharnées dévorèrent les sept vaches belles et grasses. Alors le pharaon se réveilla. Puis il se rendormit et fit un second rêve : Sept épis poussaient sur une seule tige, des épis pleins et beaux. Puis sept épis maigres et desséchés par le vent d’orient[a] poussèrent après eux. Les épis maigres engloutirent les sept épis pleins et beaux. Alors le pharaon se réveilla et se rendit compte qu’il avait rêvé.

Au matin, inquiet, il fit convoquer tous les magiciens et les sages d’Egypte et leur raconta ses rêves, mais aucun d’eux ne put les lui interpréter. Alors le chef des échansons prit la parole et dit au pharaon : Je vais évoquer aujourd’hui le souvenir de ma faute. 10 Le pharaon s’était emporté contre ses serviteurs et m’avait fait mettre aux arrêts avec le chef des panetiers dans la maison du commandant des gardes. 11 Une nuit, nous avons fait tous deux un rêve ayant sa signification propre. 12 Or, il y avait là avec nous un jeune homme hébreu, un esclave du commandant des gardes ; nous lui avons raconté nos deux rêves et il a donné l’interprétation de chacun d’eux. 13 Par la suite, les choses se sont passées conformément à l’interprétation qu’il nous avait donnée : moi j’ai été rétabli dans mes fonctions, et le panetier a été pendu.

14 Alors le pharaon envoya chercher Joseph et, sur-le-champ, on courut le faire sortir du cachot ; on le rasa[b], on le fit changer d’habits et on l’introduisit auprès du pharaon. 15 Celui-ci dit à Joseph : J’ai fait un rêve et personne n’est capable de l’interpréter. Or, j’ai entendu dire qu’il te suffit d’entendre raconter un rêve pour pouvoir l’interpréter.

16 Joseph répondit au pharaon : Ce n’est pas moi, c’est Dieu qui donnera au pharaon l’explication qui convient.

17 Le pharaon dit alors à Joseph : Dans mon rêve, je me tenais debout sur le bord du Nil. 18 Sept vaches grasses et belles sortirent du fleuve et se mirent à paître dans les roseaux. 19 Puis sept autres vaches surgirent derrière elles, maigres, laides et décharnées ; elles étaient si misérables que je n’en ai jamais vu de pareilles dans tout le pays d’Egypte. 20 Ces vaches décharnées et laides dévorèrent les sept vaches grasses, 21 qui furent englouties dans leur ventre sans que l’on remarque qu’elles avaient été avalées : les vaches maigres restaient aussi misérables qu’auparavant. Là-dessus je me suis réveillé. 22 Puis j’ai fait un autre rêve : Je voyais sept épis pleins et beaux pousser sur une même tige. 23 Puis sept épis secs, maigres et desséchés par le vent d’orient poussèrent après eux. 24 Les épis maigres engloutirent les sept beaux épis. J’ai raconté tout cela aux magiciens, mais aucun d’eux n’a pu me l’expliquer.

25 Joseph dit au pharaon : Ce que le pharaon a rêvé constitue un seul et même rêve. Dieu a révélé au pharaon ce qu’il va faire. 26 Les sept belles vaches représentent sept années, tout comme les sept beaux épis ; c’est un seul et même songe. 27 Les sept vaches décharnées et laides qui ont surgi derrière les premières représentent aussi sept années, et les sept épis maigres, desséchés par le vent d’orient, seront sept années de famine. 28 Comme je l’ai dit au pharaon : Dieu a révélé au pharaon ce qu’il va faire. 29 Il y aura d’abord sept années de grande abondance dans toute l’Egypte. 30 Elles seront suivies de sept années de famine qui feront oublier toute cette abondance en Egypte, tant la famine épuisera le pays. 31 Le souvenir même de l’abondance dont le pays aura joui s’effacera à cause de cette famine, car elle sévira très durement. 32 Si le rêve du pharaon s’est répété par deux fois, c’est que Dieu a irrévocablement décidé la chose et qu’il va l’exécuter sans délai.

33 Maintenant donc, que le pharaon choisisse sans tarder un homme avisé et sage et qu’il le mette à la tête du pays. 34 Que le pharaon agisse ainsi : Qu’il nomme dans tout le pays des commissaires qui prélèveront le cinquième de toutes les récoltes d’Egypte durant les sept années d’abondance. 35 Ils collecteront tous les vivres que produiront ces bonnes années qui viennent, ils emmagasineront le blé dans les villes sous l’autorité du pharaon, et le garderont comme réserve de vivres. 36 Ces provisions serviront de réserve pour le pays, en prévision des sept années de famine qui s’abattront sur l’Egypte. Ainsi les habitants du pays ne mourront pas de faim.

Joseph à la tête de l’Egypte

37 Cette proposition plut au pharaon et à tous ses hauts fonctionnaires. 38 Alors le pharaon leur dit : Trouverions-nous un homme aussi compétent que celui-ci en qui habite l’Esprit de Dieu[c] ?

39 Le pharaon dit à Joseph : Puisque Dieu t’a fait connaître toutes ces choses, il n’y a personne qui soit aussi avisé et aussi sage que toi. 40 Tu seras donc à la tête de mon royaume, et tout mon peuple se pliera à tes ordres. Moi-même je ne serai au-dessus de toi que par le trône[d]. 41 Ainsi, lui dit-il, je te mets à la tête de toute l’Egypte.

42 Et le pharaon retira son anneau[e] de sa main et le passa au doigt de Joseph ; il le fit revêtir d’habits de fin lin et lui suspendit un collier d’or au cou[f]. 43 Il le fit monter sur son deuxième char et, sur son parcours, on cria : A genoux[g] !

C’est ainsi qu’il le mit à la tête de toute l’Egypte. 44 Le pharaon dit encore à Joseph : Je suis le pharaon. Mais sans ton ordre, personne dans tout le pays ne lèvera le petit doigt ni ne se déplacera.

45 Le pharaon nomma Joseph Tsaphnat-Paenéah[h] et lui donna pour femme Asnath, fille de Poti-Phéra, un prêtre d’On[i]. Joseph partit inspecter l’Egypte. 46 Il était âgé de trente ans quand il entra au service du pharaon, roi d’Egypte. Il quitta la cour du pharaon et parcourut tout le pays d’Egypte.

47 Pendant les sept années d’abondance, la terre produisit de riches moissons. 48 Joseph rassembla tous les vivres possibles en Egypte pendant ces sept années, et il les entreposa dans les villes. Dans chaque ville, il mit en réserve les denrées alimentaires produites par le territoire environnant. 49 Il entreposa du blé en aussi grande quantité que le sable de la mer ; il y en avait tant que l’on cessa d’en faire le compte, car cela dépassait toute mesure.

Les fils de Joseph

50 Avant la période de famine, Asnath, fille de Poti-Phéra, prêtre d’On, donna deux fils à Joseph. 51 Il appela son premier-né Manassé (Celui qui fait oublier[j]), car, dit-il, Dieu m’a fait oublier toutes mes souffrances et ma séparation de la famille de mon père. 52 Il donna au second le nom d’Ephraïm (Fécond), car Dieu, dit-il, m’a rendu fécond dans le pays où j’ai connu l’affliction.

La famine

53 Les sept années où l’abondance avait régné en Egypte touchèrent à leur terme 54 et les sept années de famine commencèrent, comme Joseph l’avait prédit. La famine sévissait dans tous les pays. Mais il y avait du pain dans toute l’Egypte[k]. 55 Quand la population de l’Egypte n’eut plus de pain, elle en réclama à grands cris au pharaon, qui dit à tous les Egyptiens : Adressez-vous à Joseph et faites ce qu’il vous dira !

56 La famine sévissait dans toute la contrée. Joseph ouvrit tous les entrepôts du pays et vendit du blé aux Egyptiens. Mais la disette s’aggrava encore en Egypte. 57 De tous les pays, on venait acheter du blé auprès de Joseph, car la famine était grande sur toute la terre.

Footnotes

  1. 41.6 Chaud et sec, qui flétrit toute végétation.
  2. 41.14 Les Egyptiens se rasaient les cheveux et la barbe.
  3. 41.38 D’autres traduisent : des dieux.
  4. 41.40 Voir Ac 7.10.
  5. 41.42 Portant le cachet royal.
  6. 41.42 Insignes et instruments de l’autorité : l’anneau servait à « signer » les documents (on les cachetait avec, ce qui leur conférait autorité).
  7. 41.43 Autre traduction : laissez passer !
  8. 41.45 Nom dont le sens est incertain mais qui contient le terme vie.
  9. 41.45 Ville que les Grecs appelaient Héliopolis, à environ 10 kilomètres au nord du Caire. Les prêtres formaient la caste suprême de la noblesse en Egypte.
  10. 41.51 Manassé fait assonance avec le verbe hébreu oublier.
  11. 41.54 Voir Ac 7.11.

Pharaoh’s Dreams

41 When two full years had passed, Pharaoh had a dream:(A) He was standing by the Nile,(B) when out of the river there came up seven cows, sleek and fat,(C) and they grazed among the reeds.(D) After them, seven other cows, ugly and gaunt, came up out of the Nile and stood beside those on the riverbank. And the cows that were ugly and gaunt ate up the seven sleek, fat cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.(E)

He fell asleep again and had a second dream: Seven heads of grain,(F) healthy and good, were growing on a single stalk. After them, seven other heads of grain sprouted—thin and scorched by the east wind.(G) The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven healthy, full heads. Then Pharaoh woke up;(H) it had been a dream.

In the morning his mind was troubled,(I) so he sent for all the magicians(J) and wise men of Egypt. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but no one could interpret them for him.(K)

Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “Today I am reminded of my shortcomings.(L) 10 Pharaoh was once angry with his servants,(M) and he imprisoned me and the chief baker in the house of the captain of the guard.(N) 11 Each of us had a dream the same night, and each dream had a meaning of its own.(O) 12 Now a young Hebrew(P) was there with us, a servant of the captain of the guard.(Q) We told him our dreams, and he interpreted them for us, giving each man the interpretation of his dream.(R) 13 And things turned out exactly as he interpreted them to us: I was restored to my position, and the other man was impaled.(S)

14 So Pharaoh sent for Joseph, and he was quickly brought from the dungeon.(T) When he had shaved(U) and changed his clothes,(V) he came before Pharaoh.

15 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, and no one can interpret it.(W) But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.”(X)

16 “I cannot do it,” Joseph replied to Pharaoh, “but God will give Pharaoh the answer he desires.”(Y)

17 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream I was standing on the bank of the Nile,(Z) 18 when out of the river there came up seven cows, fat and sleek, and they grazed among the reeds.(AA) 19 After them, seven other cows came up—scrawny and very ugly and lean. I had never seen such ugly cows in all the land of Egypt. 20 The lean, ugly cows ate up the seven fat cows that came up first. 21 But even after they ate them, no one could tell that they had done so; they looked just as ugly as before. Then I woke up.

22 “In my dream I saw seven heads of grain, full and good, growing on a single stalk. 23 After them, seven other heads sprouted—withered and thin and scorched by the east wind. 24 The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads. I told this to the magicians, but none of them could explain it to me.(AB)

25 Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one and the same.(AC) God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do.(AD) 26 The seven good cows(AE) are seven years, and the seven good heads of grain are seven years; it is one and the same dream. 27 The seven lean, ugly cows that came up afterward are seven years, and so are the seven worthless heads of grain scorched by the east wind: They are seven years of famine.(AF)

28 “It is just as I said to Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what he is about to do.(AG) 29 Seven years of great abundance(AH) are coming throughout the land of Egypt, 30 but seven years of famine(AI) will follow them. Then all the abundance in Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will ravage the land.(AJ) 31 The abundance in the land will not be remembered, because the famine that follows it will be so severe. 32 The reason the dream was given to Pharaoh in two forms is that the matter has been firmly decided(AK) by God, and God will do it soon.(AL)

33 “And now let Pharaoh look for a discerning and wise man(AM) and put him in charge of the land of Egypt.(AN) 34 Let Pharaoh appoint commissioners(AO) over the land to take a fifth(AP) of the harvest of Egypt during the seven years of abundance.(AQ) 35 They should collect all the food of these good years that are coming and store up the grain under the authority of Pharaoh, to be kept in the cities for food.(AR) 36 This food should be held in reserve for the country, to be used during the seven years of famine that will come upon Egypt,(AS) so that the country may not be ruined by the famine.”

37 The plan seemed good to Pharaoh and to all his officials.(AT) 38 So Pharaoh asked them, “Can we find anyone like this man, one in whom is the spirit of God[a]?”(AU)

39 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has made all this known to you,(AV) there is no one so discerning and wise as you.(AW) 40 You shall be in charge of my palace,(AX) and all my people are to submit to your orders.(AY) Only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you.(AZ)

Joseph in Charge of Egypt

41 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I hereby put you in charge of the whole land of Egypt.”(BA) 42 Then Pharaoh took his signet ring(BB) from his finger and put it on Joseph’s finger. He dressed him in robes(BC) of fine linen(BD) and put a gold chain around his neck.(BE) 43 He had him ride in a chariot(BF) as his second-in-command,[b](BG) and people shouted before him, “Make way[c]!”(BH) Thus he put him in charge of the whole land of Egypt.(BI)

44 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your word no one will lift hand or foot in all Egypt.”(BJ) 45 Pharaoh gave Joseph(BK) the name Zaphenath-Paneah and gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest(BL) of On,[d](BM) to be his wife.(BN) And Joseph went throughout the land of Egypt.

46 Joseph was thirty years old(BO) when he entered the service(BP) of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from Pharaoh’s presence and traveled throughout Egypt. 47 During the seven years of abundance(BQ) the land produced plentifully. 48 Joseph collected all the food produced in those seven years of abundance in Egypt and stored it in the cities.(BR) In each city he put the food grown in the fields surrounding it. 49 Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain, like the sand of the sea;(BS) it was so much that he stopped keeping records because it was beyond measure.

50 Before the years of famine came, two sons were born to Joseph by Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On.(BT) 51 Joseph named his firstborn(BU) Manasseh[e](BV) and said, “It is because God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s household.” 52 The second son he named Ephraim[f](BW) and said, “It is because God has made me fruitful(BX) in the land of my suffering.”

53 The seven years of abundance in Egypt came to an end, 54 and the seven years of famine(BY) began,(BZ) just as Joseph had said. There was famine in all the other lands, but in the whole land of Egypt there was food. 55 When all Egypt began to feel the famine,(CA) the people cried to Pharaoh for food. Then Pharaoh told all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph and do what he tells you.”(CB)

56 When the famine had spread over the whole country, Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians,(CC) for the famine(CD) was severe throughout Egypt.(CE) 57 And all the world came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph,(CF) because the famine was severe everywhere.(CG)

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 41:38 Or of the gods
  2. Genesis 41:43 Or in the chariot of his second-in-command; or in his second chariot
  3. Genesis 41:43 Or Bow down
  4. Genesis 41:45 That is, Heliopolis; also in verse 50
  5. Genesis 41:51 Manasseh sounds like and may be derived from the Hebrew for forget.
  6. Genesis 41:52 Ephraim sounds like the Hebrew for twice fruitful.

Joseph Interprets Pharaoh's Dreams

41 After two whole years, Pharaoh dreamed that he was standing by the Nile, and behold, there came up out of the Nile seven cows, attractive and plump, and they fed in the reed grass. And behold, seven other cows, ugly and thin, came up out of the Nile after them, and stood by the other cows on the bank of the Nile. And the ugly, thin cows ate up the seven attractive, plump cows. And Pharaoh awoke. And he fell asleep and dreamed a second time. And behold, seven ears of grain, plump and good, were growing on one stalk. And behold, after them sprouted seven ears, thin and (A)blighted by the east wind. And the thin ears swallowed up the seven plump, full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and behold, it was a dream. So in the morning (B)his spirit was troubled, and he sent and called for all the (C)magicians of Egypt and all its wise men. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but there was none who could interpret them to Pharaoh.

Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “I remember my offenses today. 10 When Pharaoh was (D)angry with his servants (E)and put me and the chief baker in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, 11 (F)we dreamed on the same night, he and I, each having a dream with its own interpretation. 12 A young Hebrew was there with us, a servant of the captain of the guard. When we told him, (G)he interpreted our dreams to us, giving an interpretation to each man according to his dream. 13 And (H)as he interpreted to us, so it came about. I was restored to my office, and the baker was hanged.”

14 (I)Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they (J)quickly brought him (K)out of the pit. And when he had shaved himself and changed his clothes, he came in before Pharaoh. 15 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have had a dream, and there is no one who can interpret it. (L)I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.” 16 Joseph answered Pharaoh, (M)“It is not in me; (N)God will give Pharaoh a favorable answer.”[a] 17 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Behold, (O)in my dream I was standing on the banks of the Nile. 18 Seven cows, plump and attractive, came up out of the Nile and fed in the reed grass. 19 Seven other cows came up after them, poor and very ugly and thin, such as I had never seen in all the land of Egypt. 20 And the thin, ugly cows ate up the first seven plump cows, 21 but when they had eaten them no one would have known that they had eaten them, for they were still as ugly as at the beginning. Then I awoke. 22 I also saw in my dream seven ears growing on one stalk, full and good. 23 Seven ears, withered, thin, and blighted by the east wind, sprouted after them, 24 and the thin ears swallowed up the seven good ears. And (P)I told it to the magicians, but there was no one who could explain it to me.”

25 Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one; (Q)God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do. 26 The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven good ears are seven years; the dreams are one. 27 The seven lean and ugly cows that came up after them are seven years, and the seven empty ears blighted by the east wind are also (R)seven years of famine. 28 It is as I told Pharaoh; (S)God has shown to Pharaoh what he is about to do. 29 There will come (T)seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt, 30 but after them there will arise (U)seven years of famine, and all the plenty will be forgotten in the land of Egypt. (V)The famine will consume the land, 31 and the plenty will be unknown in the land by reason of the famine that will follow, for it will be very severe. 32 And the doubling of Pharaoh's dream means that the (W)thing is fixed by God, and God will shortly bring it about. 33 Now therefore let Pharaoh select a discerning and wise man, and set him over the land of Egypt. 34 Let Pharaoh proceed to appoint overseers over the land and take one-fifth of the produce of the land[b] of Egypt during the seven plentiful years. 35 And (X)let them gather all the food of these good years that are coming and store up grain under the authority of Pharaoh for food in the cities, and let them keep it. 36 That food shall be a reserve for the land against the seven years of famine that are to occur in the land of Egypt, so that the land may not perish through the famine.”

Joseph Rises to Power

37 This proposal pleased Pharaoh and all his servants. 38 And Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find a man like this, (Y)in whom is the Spirit of God?”[c] 39 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has shown you all this, there is none so discerning and wise as you are. 40 (Z)You shall be over my house, and all my people shall order themselves as you command.[d] Only as regards the throne will I be greater than you.” 41 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “See, (AA)I have set you over all the land of Egypt.” 42 Then Pharaoh (AB)took his signet ring from his hand and put it on Joseph's hand, and (AC)clothed him in garments of fine linen (AD)and put a gold chain about his neck. 43 And he made him ride in his second chariot. (AE)And they called out before him, “Bow the knee!”[e] Thus he set him (AF)over all the land of Egypt. 44 Moreover, Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, and (AG)without your consent no one shall lift up hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.” 45 And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphenath-paneah. And he gave him in marriage Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On. So Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.

46 Joseph was thirty years old when he (AH)entered the service of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh and went through all the land of Egypt. 47 During the seven plentiful years the earth produced abundantly, 48 and he gathered up all the food of these seven years, which occurred in the land of Egypt, and put the food in the cities. He put in every city the food from the fields around it. 49 And Joseph stored up grain in great abundance, (AI)like the sand of the sea, until he ceased to measure it, for it could not be measured.

50 Before the year of famine came, (AJ)two sons were born to Joseph. Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, bore them to him. 51 Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh. “For,” he said, “God has made me forget all my hardship and all my father's house.”[f] 52 The name of the second he called Ephraim, “For God has (AK)made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.”[g]

53 The seven years of plenty that occurred in the land of Egypt came to an end, 54 and (AL)the seven years of famine began to come, (AM)as Joseph had said. There was famine in all lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. 55 When all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread. Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph. What he says to you, do.”

56 So when the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened all the storehouses[h] and (AN)sold to the Egyptians, for the famine was severe in the land of Egypt. 57 Moreover, all the earth came to Egypt to Joseph to buy grain, because the famine was severe (AO)over all the earth.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 41:16 Or (compare Samaritan, Septuagint) Without God it is not possible to give Pharaoh an answer about his welfare
  2. Genesis 41:34 Or over the land and organize the land
  3. Genesis 41:38 Or of the gods
  4. Genesis 41:40 Hebrew and according to your command all my people shall kiss the ground
  5. Genesis 41:43 Abrek, probably an Egyptian word, similar in sound to the Hebrew word meaning to kneel
  6. Genesis 41:51 Manasseh sounds like the Hebrew for making to forget
  7. Genesis 41:52 Ephraim sounds like the Hebrew for making fruitful
  8. Genesis 41:56 Hebrew all that was in them