Isaac à Guérar

26 A cette époque-là, il y eut de nouveau une famine dans le pays, comme naguère au temps d’Abraham. Alors Isaac se rendit à Guérar chez Abimélek[a], roi des Philistins[b]. En effet, l’Eternel lui était apparu et lui avait dit : Ne descends pas en Egypte[c] ! Fixe-toi dans le pays que je te désignerai. Séjourne dans ce pays-ci. Je serai avec toi et je te bénirai. Car c’est à toi et à ta descendance que je donnerai tous ces territoires. J’accomplirai ainsi le serment que j’ai fait à ton père Abraham. Je rendrai ta descendance aussi nombreuse que les étoiles du ciel et je lui donnerai tous ces territoires-ci, et tous les peuples de la terre seront bénis en ta descendance[d]. Je le ferai parce qu’Abraham m’a obéi et qu’il a observé mes prescriptions, mes commandements, mes préceptes et mes lois. C’est pourquoi Isaac resta à Guérar.

Lorsque les hommes de l’endroit s’enquéraient au sujet de sa femme, il répondait : C’est ma sœur.

Il ne disait pas qu’elle était sa femme : il avait peur que les gens de l’endroit le tuent à cause d’elle, car elle était belle. Comme il était déjà depuis assez longtemps dans le pays, Abimélek, le roi des Philistins, regardant par la fenêtre, surprit Isaac en train de s’amuser avec Rébecca sa femme. Alors il le fit appeler et lui dit : C’est sûrement ta femme. Pourquoi as-tu dit : « C’est ma sœur » ?

Isaac lui répondit : Je me disais que je risquais de mourir à cause d’elle.

10 Abimélek rétorqua : Te rends-tu compte de ce que tu nous as fait là ? Il s’en est fallu de peu qu’un homme de ce peuple couche avec ta femme ; dans ce cas, tu nous aurais chargés d’une lourde culpabilité.

11 Alors Abimélek fit publier ce décret à tout le peuple : Quiconque fera du mal à cet homme ou à sa femme sera puni de mort.

L’installation à Beer-Sheva

12 Isaac fit des semailles dans le pays et récolta cette année-là le centuple de ce qu’il avait semé. L’Eternel le bénissait.

13 Isaac devint un personnage important. Son importance s’accrut encore et il devint même un homme très puissant. 14 Il possédait des troupeaux de moutons, de chèvres et de bovins, et beaucoup de serviteurs, de sorte que les Philistins devinrent jaloux de lui. 15 Ils comblèrent tous les puits que les serviteurs de son père Abraham avaient creusés à son époque en les remplissant de terre. 16 Alors Abimélek dit à Isaac : Va, quitte ce pays, car tu es devenu beaucoup plus puissant que nous.

17 Isaac partit et alla dresser son camp dans la vallée de Guérar où il s’établit. 18 Il s’installa et fit déboucher les puits qu’on avait creusés du temps de son père Abraham et que les Philistins avaient comblés après la mort d’Abraham, et il leur donna les mêmes noms que son père. 19 En creusant dans la vallée, les serviteurs d’Isaac découvrirent une source d’eau vive. 20 Les bergers de Guérar cherchèrent querelle aux bergers d’Isaac en prétendant : « Cette eau est à nous. » Isaac donna à ce puits le nom d’Eseq (Dispute) parce qu’on s’était disputé avec lui à son sujet. 21 Ensuite ils creusèrent un autre puits, pour lequel on lui chercha de nouveau querelle ; il le nomma Sitna (Opposition). 22 Puis il partit de là et creusa un autre puits pour lequel on ne lui chercha pas querelle ; il l’appela donc Rehoboth (Larges espaces), car, dit-il, maintenant l’Eternel nous a mis au large et nous prospérerons dans le pays. 23 De là, il remonta à Beer-Sheva.

Isaac fait alliance avec Abimélek

24 La nuit de son arrivée, l’Eternel lui apparut et lui dit : Je suis le Dieu de ton père Abraham. Sois sans crainte car je suis avec toi ; je te bénirai et je te donnerai une nombreuse descendance à cause d’Abraham, mon serviteur.

25 Isaac bâtit un autel à cet endroit, il y invoqua l’Eternel et y dressa sa tente. Les serviteurs d’Isaac y creusèrent un autre puits.

26 Abimélek vint le trouver depuis Guérar avec Ahouzath son conseiller, et Pikol, le chef de son armée. 27 Isaac leur demanda : Pourquoi êtes-vous venus me trouver, alors que vous me détestez et que vous m’avez renvoyé de chez vous ?

28 Ils lui répondirent : Nous avons bien vu que l’Eternel est avec toi, et nous nous sommes dit : Nous devrions nous engager, nous et toi, par serment ! Nous voudrions donc faire alliance avec toi. 29 Promets-nous, en le jurant, de ne pas nous faire de mal, comme nous ne t’avons pas fait de mal, car nous t’avons toujours bien traité et nous t’avons laissé partir sain et sauf. A présent tu es béni par l’Eternel.

30 Isaac leur fit préparer un grand festin ; ils mangèrent et burent 31 et, le lendemain de bon matin, ils s’engagèrent l’un envers l’autre par serment, puis Isaac les reconduisit et ils le quittèrent en bons termes.

32 Or, ce même jour, les serviteurs d’Isaac vinrent lui annoncer qu’ils avaient trouvé de l’eau dans le puits qu’ils étaient en train de creuser. 33 Alors Isaac appela ce puits Shibea (Serment). C’est pour cela que la ville se nomme Beer-Sheva (le Puits du Serment) jusqu’à ce jour.

Les mariages d’Esaü

34 A l’âge de quarante ans, Esaü épousa Judith, fille de Beéri le Hittite, et Basmath, fille d’Elôn le Hittite. 35 Elles rendirent toutes deux la vie amère à Isaac et à Rébecca.

Footnotes

  1. 26.1 Sans doute, un nom héréditaire (comme pharaon en Egypte) puisqu’un roi du même nom a régné sur cette contrée environ quatre-vingts ans auparavant (20.2).
  2. 26.1 Voir note 10.14.
  3. 26.2 Où l’on se rendait généralement en cas de famine (12.10 ; 41.57).
  4. 26.4 Autre traduction : se béniront en citant l’exemple de ta descendance.

Chapter 26

Isaac and Abimelech. [a](A)There was a famine in the land, distinct from the earlier one that had occurred in the days of Abraham, and Isaac went down to Abimelech, king of the Philistines in Gerar.(B) The Lord appeared to him and said: Do not go down to Egypt, but camp in this land wherever I tell you. Sojourn in this land, and I will be with you and bless you; for to you and your descendants I will give all these lands, in fulfillment of the oath that I swore to your father Abraham.(C) I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky, and I will give them all these lands, and in your descendants all the nations of the earth will find blessing—(D) this because Abraham obeyed me, keeping my mandate, my commandments, my ordinances, and my instructions.

[b]So Isaac settled in Gerar. When the men of the place asked questions about his wife, he answered, “She is my sister.” He was afraid that, if he called her his wife, the men of the place would kill him on account of Rebekah, since she was beautiful. But when they had been there for a long time, Abimelech, king of the Philistines, looked out of a window and saw Isaac fondling his wife Rebekah. He called for Isaac and said: “She must certainly be your wife! How could you have said, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac replied, “I thought I might lose my life on her account.” 10 “How could you have done this to us!” exclaimed Abimelech. “It would have taken very little for one of the people to lie with your wife, and so you would have brought guilt upon us!” 11 Abimelech then commanded all the people: “Anyone who maltreats this man or his wife shall be put to death.”

12 [c]Isaac sowed a crop in that region and reaped a hundredfold the same year. Since the Lord blessed him, 13 (E)he became richer and richer all the time, until he was very wealthy. 14 He acquired flocks and herds, and a great work force, and so the Philistines became envious of him. 15 (F)The Philistines had stopped up and filled with dirt all the wells that his father’s servants had dug back in the days of his father Abraham. 16 So Abimelech said to Isaac, “Go away from us; you have become far too numerous for us.” 17 Isaac left there and camped in the Wadi Gerar where he stayed. 18 Isaac reopened the wells which his father’s servants had dug back in the days of his father Abraham and which the Philistines had stopped up after Abraham’s death; he gave them names like those that his father had given them. 19 But when Isaac’s servants dug in the wadi and reached spring water in their well, 20 the shepherds of Gerar argued with Isaac’s shepherds, saying, “The water belongs to us!” So he named the well Esek,[d] because they had quarreled there. 21 Then they dug another well, and they argued over that one too; so he named it Sitnah.[e] 22 So he moved on from there and dug still another well, but over this one they did not argue. He named it Rehoboth,[f] and said, “Because the Lord has now given us ample room, we shall flourish in the land.”

23 From there Isaac went up to Beer-sheba. 24 The same night the Lord appeared to him and said: I am the God of Abraham, your father. Do not fear, for I am with you. I will bless you and multiply your descendants for the sake of Abraham, my servant.(G) 25 So Isaac built an altar there and invoked the Lord by name. After he had pitched his tent there, Isaac’s servants began to dig a well nearby.

26 (H)Then Abimelech came to him from Gerar, with Ahuzzath, his councilor, and Phicol, the general of his army. 27 Isaac asked them, “Why have you come to me, since you hate me and have driven me away from you?” 28 They answered: “We clearly see that the Lord has been with you, so we thought: let there be a sworn agreement between our two sides—between you and us. Let us make a covenant with you: 29 you shall do no harm to us, just as we have not maltreated you, but have always acted kindly toward you and have let you depart in peace. So now, may you be blessed by the Lord!” 30 Isaac then made a feast for them, and they ate and drank. 31 Early the next morning they exchanged oaths. Then Isaac sent them on their way, and they departed from him in peace.

32 That same day Isaac’s servants came and informed him about the well they had been digging; they told him, “We have reached water!” 33 He called it Shibah;[g] hence the name of the city is Beer-sheba to this day. 34 [h]When Esau was forty years old, he married Judith, daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath, daughter of Elon the Hivite.(I) 35 But they became a source of bitterness to Isaac and Rebekah.

Footnotes

  1. 26:1 The promise of land and numerous descendants given to Abraham (12:1–3; 15; 17; 22:17–18) is renewed for his son Isaac. The divine blessing to Isaac is mentioned also in vv. 12, 24, and 29.
  2. 26:6–11 This scene is the third version of the wife-in-danger story (cf. chaps. 12 and 20). The mention of the famine in 26:1 recalls the famine in 12:10; the name Abimelech, king of the Philistines in Gerar, recalls 20:2. The deception, according to all the stories, is the claim that the wife is a sister. This story (from the Yahwist source) departs from the two previous accounts in that the wife is not taken into the harem of the foreign king.
  3. 26:12–33 The dispute is over water rights. In a sparsely watered land, wells were precious and claims on water could function as a kind of claim on the land. Scholars generally judge the account of the dispute over water rights and its settlement by a legal agreement between Isaac and Abimelech to be a Yahwist version of the similar story about Abraham in 21:22–34. Here, Abimelech realizes that Isaac has brought blessing to his people and thus desires a covenant with him. The feast in v. 30 is part of the covenant ceremony.
  4. 26:20 Esek: “quarrel.”
  5. 26:21 Sitnah: “opposition.”
  6. 26:22 Rehoboth: “wide spaces,” i.e., ample room to live; site is probably SW of modern day Beer-sheba.
  7. 26:33 Shibah: the place name Shibah is a play on two Hebrew words, shebu‘ah, “oath,” and shwebaa‘, “seven.” In v. 31, they exchanged oaths.
  8. 26:34–35 These verses from the Priestly source introduce the next section on Esau’s loss of his right as firstborn by suggesting a motivation for this in Isaac’s and Rebekah’s dislike for Esau’s Canaanite wives.

26 And there was a famine in the land, beside the first famine that was in the days of Abraham. And Isaac went unto Abimelech king of the Philistines unto Gerar.

And the Lord appeared unto him, and said, Go not down into Egypt; dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of:

Sojourn in this land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these countries, and I will perform the oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father;

And I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed;

Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.

And Isaac dwelt in Gerar:

And the men of the place asked him of his wife; and he said, She is my sister: for he feared to say, She is my wife; lest, said he, the men of the place should kill me for Rebekah; because she was fair to look upon.

And it came to pass, when he had been there a long time, that Abimelech king of the Philistines looked out at a window, and saw, and, behold, Isaac was sporting with Rebekah his wife.

And Abimelech called Isaac, and said, Behold, of a surety she is thy wife; and how saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said unto him, Because I said, Lest I die for her.

10 And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest have brought guiltiness upon us.

11 And Abimelech charged all his people, saying, He that toucheth this man or his wife shall surely be put to death.

12 Then Isaac sowed in that land, and received in the same year an hundredfold: and the Lord blessed him.

13 And the man waxed great, and went forward, and grew until he became very great:

14 For he had possession of flocks, and possession of herds, and great store of servants: and the Philistines envied him.

15 For all the wells which his father's servants had digged in the days of Abraham his father, the Philistines had stopped them, and filled them with earth.

16 And Abimelech said unto Isaac, Go from us; for thou art much mightier than we.

17 And Isaac departed thence, and pitched his tent in the valley of Gerar, and dwelt there.

18 And Isaac digged again the wells of water, which they had digged in the days of Abraham his father; for the Philistines had stopped them after the death of Abraham: and he called their names after the names by which his father had called them.

19 And Isaac's servants digged in the valley, and found there a well of springing water.

20 And the herdmen of Gerar did strive with Isaac's herdmen, saying, The water is ours: and he called the name of the well Esek; because they strove with him.

21 And they digged another well, and strove for that also: and he called the name of it Sitnah.

22 And he removed from thence, and digged another well; and for that they strove not: and he called the name of it Rehoboth; and he said, For now the Lord hath made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land.

23 And he went up from thence to Beersheba.

24 And the Lord appeared unto him the same night, and said, I am the God of Abraham thy father: fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for my servant Abraham's sake.

25 And he builded an altar there, and called upon the name of the Lord, and pitched his tent there: and there Isaac's servants digged a well.

26 Then Abimelech went to him from Gerar, and Ahuzzath one of his friends, and Phichol the chief captain of his army.

27 And Isaac said unto them, Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me, and have sent me away from you?

28 And they said, We saw certainly that the Lord was with thee: and we said, Let there be now an oath betwixt us, even betwixt us and thee, and let us make a covenant with thee;

29 That thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee, and as we have done unto thee nothing but good, and have sent thee away in peace: thou art now the blessed of the Lord.

30 And he made them a feast, and they did eat and drink.

31 And they rose up betimes in the morning, and sware one to another: and Isaac sent them away, and they departed from him in peace.

32 And it came to pass the same day, that Isaac's servants came, and told him concerning the well which they had digged, and said unto him, We have found water.

33 And he called it Shebah: therefore the name of the city is Beersheba unto this day.

34 And Esau was forty years old when he took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite:

35 Which were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah.

Isaac and Abimelech

26 There was a famine in the land, besides (A)the first famine that was in the days of Abraham. And Isaac went to (B)Abimelech king of the Philistines, in Gerar.

Then the Lord appeared to him and said: (C)“Do not go down to Egypt; live in (D)the land of which I shall tell you. (E)Dwell in this land, and (F)I will be with you and (G)bless you; for to you and your descendants (H)I give all these lands, and I will perform (I)the oath which I swore to Abraham your father. And (J)I will make your descendants multiply as the stars of heaven; I will give to your descendants all these lands; (K)and in your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed; (L)because Abraham obeyed My voice and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes, and My laws.”

So Isaac dwelt in Gerar. And the men of the place asked about his wife. And (M)he said, “She is my sister”; for (N)he was afraid to say, “She is my wife,” because he thought, “lest the men of the place kill me for Rebekah, because she is (O)beautiful to behold.” Now it came to pass, when he had been there a long time, that Abimelech king of the Philistines looked through a window, and saw, and there was Isaac, [a]showing endearment to Rebekah his wife. Then Abimelech called Isaac and said, “Quite obviously she is your wife; so how could you say, ‘She is my sister’?”

Isaac said to him, “Because I said, ‘Lest I die on account of her.’ ”

10 And Abimelech said, “What is this you have done to us? One of the people might soon have lain with your wife, and (P)you would have brought guilt on us.” 11 So Abimelech charged all his people, saying, “He who (Q)touches this man or his wife shall surely be put to death.”

12 Then Isaac sowed in that land, and reaped in the same year (R)a hundredfold; and the Lord (S)blessed him. 13 The man (T)began to prosper, and continued prospering until he became very prosperous; 14 for he had possessions of flocks and possessions of herds and a great number of servants. So the Philistines (U)envied him. 15 Now the Philistines had stopped up all the wells (V)which his father’s servants had dug in the days of Abraham his father, and they had filled them with earth. 16 And Abimelech said to Isaac, “Go away from us, for (W)you are much mightier than we.”

17 Then Isaac departed from there and [b]pitched his tent in the Valley of Gerar, and dwelt there. 18 And Isaac dug again the wells of water which they had dug in the days of Abraham his father, for the Philistines had stopped them up after the death of Abraham. (X)He called them by the names which his father had called them.

19 Also Isaac’s servants dug in the valley, and found a well of running water there. 20 But the herdsmen of Gerar (Y)quarreled with Isaac’s herdsmen, saying, “The water is ours.” So he called the name of the well [c]Esek, because they quarreled with him. 21 Then they dug another well, and they quarreled over that one also. So he called its name [d]Sitnah. 22 And he moved from there and dug another well, and they did not quarrel over it. So he called its name [e]Rehoboth, because he said, “For now the Lord has made room for us, and we shall (Z)be fruitful in the land.”

23 Then he went up from there to Beersheba. 24 And the Lord (AA)appeared to him the same night and said, (AB)“I am the God of your father Abraham; (AC)do not fear, for (AD)I am with you. I will bless you and multiply your descendants for My servant Abraham’s sake.” 25 So he (AE)built an altar there and (AF)called on the name of the Lord, and he pitched his tent there; and there Isaac’s servants dug a well.

26 Then Abimelech came to him from Gerar with Ahuzzath, one of his friends, (AG)and Phichol the commander of his army. 27 And Isaac said to them, “Why have you come to me, (AH)since you hate me and have (AI)sent me away from you?”

28 But they said, “We have certainly seen that the Lord (AJ)is with you. So we said, ‘Let there now be an oath between us, between you and us; and let us make a [f]covenant with you, 29 that you will do us no harm, since we have not touched you, and since we have done nothing to you but good and have sent you away in peace. (AK)You are now the blessed of the Lord.’ ”

30 (AL)So he made them a feast, and they ate and drank. 31 Then they arose early in the morning and (AM)swore an oath with one another; and Isaac sent them away, and they departed from him in peace.

32 It came to pass the same day that Isaac’s servants came and told him about the well which they had dug, and said to him, “We have found water.” 33 So he called it [g]Shebah. (AN)Therefore the name of the city is [h]Beersheba to this day.

34 (AO)When Esau was forty years old, he took as wives Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite. 35 And (AP)they were a grief of mind to Isaac and Rebekah.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 26:8 caressing
  2. Genesis 26:17 camped
  3. Genesis 26:20 Lit. Quarrel
  4. Genesis 26:21 Lit. Enmity
  5. Genesis 26:22 Lit. Spaciousness
  6. Genesis 26:28 treaty
  7. Genesis 26:33 Lit. Oath or Seven
  8. Genesis 26:33 Lit. Well of the Oath or Well of the Seven