²⁴ The law, then, was our guardian^[a] until Christ,^(A) so that we could be justified by faith. ²⁵ But since that faith^(B) has come, we are no longer under a guardian, ²⁶ for you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus.

Sons and Heirs

²⁷ For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ like a garment.^{(C) 28} There is no Jew or Greek, slave or free,^(D) male or female;^(E) for you are all one^(F) in Christ Jesus. ²⁹ And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, heirs^(G) according to the promise.^(H) 4 ¹ Now I say that as long as the heir^(I) is a child, he differs in no way from a slave, though he is the owner^(J) of everything. ² Instead, he is under guardians and stewards until the time set by his father. ³ In the same way we also, when we were children, were in slavery under the elemental forces^[b] of the world.^{(K) 4} When the time came to completion, God sent His Son,^(L) born of a woman,^(M) born under the law, ⁵ to redeem those under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons.^{(N) 6} And because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of His Son^(O) into our^[c] hearts, crying, “Abba,^(P) Father!”^{(Q) 7} So you are no longer a slave^(R) but a son,^(S) and if a son, then an heir^(T) through God.

Paul’s Concern for the Galatians

⁸ But in the past, when you didn’t know God,^(U) you were enslaved to things^[d] that by nature are not gods. ⁹ But now, since you know God,^(V) or rather have become known by God, how can you turn back again to the weak and bankrupt^(W) elemental forces?^(X) Do you want to be enslaved to them all over again? ¹⁰ You observe special days, months, seasons, and years.^{(Y) 11} I am fearful for you, that perhaps my labor for you has been wasted.

¹² I beg you, brothers: Become like me, for I also became like you. You have not wronged me; ¹³ you know that previously I preached the gospel to you because of a physical illness. ¹⁴ You did not despise or reject me though my physical condition was a trial for you.^[e] On the contrary, you received me as an angel of God, as Christ Jesus Himself.

¹⁵ What happened to this sense of being blessed you had? For I testify to you that, if possible, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. ¹⁶ Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?^{(Z) 17} They^[f] are enthusiastic about you, but not for any good. Instead, they want to isolate you so you will be enthusiastic about them. ¹⁸ Now it is always good to be enthusiastic about good—and not just when I am with you. ¹⁹ My children,^(AA) I am again suffering labor pains^(AB) for you until Christ is formed in you. ²⁰ I would like to be with you right now and change my tone of voice, because I don’t know what to do about you.

Sarah and Hagar: Two Covenants

²¹ Tell me, those of you who want to be under the law, don’t you hear the law? ²² For it is written that Abraham^(AC) had two sons, one by a slave^(AD) and the other by a free woman. ²³ But the one by the slave was born according to the impulse of the flesh, while the one by the free woman was born as the result of a promise. ²⁴ These things are illustrations,^[g] for the women represent the two covenants. One is from Mount Sinai^(AE) and bears children into slavery—this is Hagar.^{(AF) 25} Now Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia^(AG) and corresponds to the present Jerusalem,^(AH) for she is in slavery with her children. ²⁶ But the Jerusalem above^(AI) is free, and she is our mother. ²⁷ For it is written:^(AJ)

²⁸ Now you, brothers, like Isaac,^(AM) are children of promise.^{(AN) 29} But just as then the child born according to the flesh persecuted the one born according to the Spirit,^(AO) so also now.^{(AP) 30} But what does the Scripture say?

³¹ Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave but of the free woman.^(AR)

Freedom of the Christian

5 Christ has liberated us to be free. Stand firm^(AS) then and don’t submit again to a yoke of slavery.^{(AT) 2} Take note! I, Paul, tell you that if you get yourselves circumcised, Christ will not benefit you at all. ³ Again I testify to every man who gets himself circumcised that he is obligated to keep the entire law. ⁴ You who are trying to be justified by the law are alienated from Christ; you have fallen from grace.^{(AU) 5} For through the Spirit, by faith, we eagerly wait^(AV) for the hope^(AW) of righteousness. ⁶ For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision accomplishes anything; what matters is faith^(AX) working through love.^(AY)

⁷ You were running well. Who prevented you from obeying the truth?^{(AZ) 8} This persuasion did not come from the One who called you.^{(BA) 9} A little yeast leavens the whole lump of dough. ¹⁰ I have confidence in the Lord you will not accept any other view. But whoever it is that is confusing you will pay the penalty.^{(BB) 11} Now brothers, if I still preach circumcision, why am I still persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross^(BC) has been abolished. ¹² I wish those who are disturbing you might also get themselves castrated!

¹³ For you were called^(BD) to be free, brothers; only don’t use this freedom as an opportunity for the flesh, but serve one another through love. ¹⁴ For the entire law is fulfilled^(BE) in one statement: Love your neighbor as yourself.^{(BF)[j] 15} But if you bite and devour^(BG) one another, watch out, or you will be consumed by one another.

The Spirit versus the Flesh

¹⁶ I say then, walk by the Spirit^(BH) and you will not carry out the desire of the flesh. ¹⁷ For the flesh desires^(BI) what is against the Spirit, and the Spirit desires what is against the flesh; these are opposed to each other, so that you don’t do what you want.^{(BJ) 18} But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law.

¹⁹ Now the works of the flesh are obvious:^[k][l] sexual immorality,^(BK) moral impurity,^(BL) promiscuity,^{(BM) 20} idolatry,^(BN) sorcery,^(BO) hatreds,^(BP) strife,^(BQ) jealousy,^(BR) outbursts of anger,^(BS) selfish ambitions,^(BT) dissensions,^(BU) factions,^{(BV) 21} envy,^[m](BW) drunkenness, carousing,^(BX) and anything similar. I tell you about these things in advance—as I told you before—that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.^(BY)

²² But the fruit of the Spirit^(BZ) is love,^(CA) joy,^(CB) peace, patience,^(CC) kindness,^(CD) goodness, faith,^{[n] 23} gentleness,^(CE) self-control.^(CF) Against such things there is no law. ²⁴ Now those who belong to Christ Jesus^(CG) have crucified the flesh^(CH) with its passions and desires.^{(CI) 25} Since we live^(CJ) by the Spirit, we must also follow the Spirit. ²⁶ We must not become conceited, provoking one another, envying one another.^(CK)

Carry One Another’s Burdens

6 Brothers, if someone is caught in any wrongdoing, you who are spiritual should restore such a person with a gentle^(CL) spirit,^(CM) watching out for yourselves so you also won’t be tempted.^{(CN) 2} Carry one another’s burdens; in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.^{(CO) 3} For if anyone considers himself to be something when he is nothing,^(CP) he deceives himself. ⁴ But each person should examine his own work,^(CQ) and then he will have a reason for boasting in himself alone, and not in respect to someone else. ⁵ For each person will have to carry his own load.

⁶ The one who is taught the message must share^(CR) all his good things with the teacher. ⁷ Don’t be deceived: God is not mocked. For whatever a man sows he will also reap, ⁸ because the one who sows to his flesh will reap corruption from the flesh, but the one who sows to the Spirit^(CS) will reap eternal life^(CT) from the Spirit. ⁹ So we must not get tired^(CU) of doing good,^(CV) for we will reap at the proper time if we don’t give up. ¹⁰ Therefore, as we have opportunity, we must work^(CW) for the good^(CX) of all, especially for those who belong to the household^(CY) of faith.^(CZ)

Concluding Exhortation

¹¹ Look at what large letters I use as I write to you in my own handwriting. ¹² Those who want to make a good impression in the flesh^(DA) are the ones who would compel you to be circumcised^(DB)—but only to avoid being persecuted^(DC) for the cross^(DD) of Christ. ¹³ For even the circumcised don’t keep^(DE) the law themselves; however, they want you to be circumcised in order to boast about your flesh. ¹⁴ But as for me, I will never boast about anything except the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. The world has been crucified to me through the cross, and I to the world. ¹⁵ For^[o] both circumcision and uncircumcision^(DF) mean nothing; what matters instead is a new creation.^{(DG) 16} May peace come to all those who follow this standard, and mercy to the Israel^(DH) of God!

¹⁷ From now on, let no one cause me trouble, because I bear on my body scars for the cause of Jesus.^{(DI) 18} Brothers, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.^(DJ) Amen.

Dispute in Antioch

15 Some men^(A) came down from Judea and began to teach the brothers: “Unless you are circumcised^(B) according to the custom prescribed by Moses,^(C) you cannot be saved!” ² But after Paul and Barnabas had engaged them in serious argument and debate, the church arranged for Paul and Barnabas and some others of them to go up to the apostles and elders in Jerusalem concerning this controversy.^{(D) 3} When they had been sent on their way by the church,^(E) they passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, explaining in detail the conversion of the Gentiles, and they created great joy among all the brothers.

⁴ When they arrived at Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church, the apostles, and the elders, and they reported all that God had done with them.^{(F) 5} But some of the believers from the party of the Pharisees stood up and said, “It is necessary to circumcise them and to command them to keep the law of Moses!”

The Jerusalem Council

⁶ Then the apostles and the elders assembled to consider this matter. ⁷ After there had been much debate, Peter stood up and said to them: “Brothers, you are aware that in the early days God made a choice among you,^[a] that by my mouth the Gentiles would hear the gospel message and believe. ⁸ And God, who knows the heart, testified to them by giving^[b] the Holy Spirit, just as He also did to us.^{(G) 9} He made no distinction between us and them,^(H) cleansing their hearts by faith.^{(I) 10} Now then, why are you testing God by putting a yoke on the disciples’ necks^(J) that neither our ancestors nor we have been able to bear? ¹¹ On the contrary, we believe we are saved through the grace^(K) of the Lord Jesus in the same way they are.”

¹² Then the whole assembly fell silent and listened to Barnabas and Paul describing all the signs and wonders God had done through them among the Gentiles.^{(L) 13} After they stopped speaking, James responded: “Brothers, listen to me! ¹⁴ Simeon^[c] has reported how God first intervened to take from the Gentiles a people for His name.^{(M) 15} And the words of the prophets agree with this, as it is written:

¹⁹ Therefore, in my judgment, we should not cause difficulties for those among the Gentiles who turn to God, ²⁰ but instead we should write to them to abstain from things polluted by idols, from sexual immorality,^(O) from eating anything that has been strangled, and from blood. ²¹ For since ancient times, Moses has had those who proclaim him in every city, and every Sabbath day he is read aloud in the synagogues.”^(P)