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A fé ou a Lei

Ó Gálatas insensatos! Quem foi que vos fascinou, a vocês a quem Cristo crucificado foi apresentado, como se tivesse sido pregado na cruz mesmo sob os vossos olhos? Só queria que me respondessem a isto: receberam o Espírito Santo através do cumprimento dos mandamentos da Lei? Não, porque o Espírito Santo veio sobre vocês somente depois de terem crido na mensagem do evangelho que ouviram e receberam com fé. Falta-vos assim tanto a compreensão espiritual destas coisas que, tendo começado pelo Espírito de Deus, pensem agora aperfeiçoá-la através dos vossos esforços humanos? Será que tudo aquilo que já sofreram por causa do evangelho foi inútil? Certamente que não.

Deus, que vos dá o Espírito Santo, atuando com milagres no vosso meio, faz isso em consequência da vossa obediência à Lei judaica? Claro que não! É sim em resultado da fé com que aceitaram a pregação do evangelho.

Assim como Abraão “creu em Deus e este declarou-o como justo”,[a] da mesma forma, só os que têm a mesma fé em Deus é que são os verdadeiros filhos de Abraão.

E as Escrituras previram que Deus haveria de declarar os gentios justos em resultado da sua fé, quando dizem que Deus se dirigiu a Abraão com estas palavras: “Por teu intermédio serão abençoados todos os povos.”[b] Por isso, todos os que põem a sua fé em Cristo beneficiam da mesma bênção que Abraão recebeu, graças à sua fé.

10 Por outro lado, todos aqueles que se apoiam nas suas próprias obras, em obediência à Lei judaica, estão debaixo da maldição, porque está escrito: “Maldito é quem não cumpre tudo o que está escrito neste livro da Lei.”[c] 11 É portanto evidente que pela Lei ninguém poderá ser aceite por Deus. Porque a Escritura diz: “O justo pela fé viverá.”[d] 12 Ora a Lei e a fé são duas coisas incompatíveis. Pois a Lei diz: “Quem cumprir estas prescrições viverá por elas.”[e] 13 Mas Cristo pagou o preço necessário para nos libertar desse sistema legal, que nos mantinha debaixo da maldição, e colocou-se ele próprio sob a maldição divina, tomando sobre si a culpa dos nossos pecados. Até porque também diz na Escritura: “Maldito todo aquele que for pendurado no poste de madeira.” 14 E assim a bênção que Deus prometeu a Abraão pode chegar também até aos gentios por meio do sacrifício de Jesus Cristo. E nós, os cristãos, podemos receber o Espírito Santo prometido aos que têm fé.

A Lei e a promessa

15 Irmãos, mesmo na vida corrente, se alguém prometer seja o que for a outra pessoa, e essa promessa estiver escrita e assinada, ninguém a poderá alterar nem anular. 16 Ora Deus fez promessas a Abraão e a Escritura diz que foram feitas a Abraão e à sua descendência. Não diz “às tuas descendências”, como seria se estivesse a falar de muitas. Mas fala no singular, “à tua descendência”,[f] referindo-se a Cristo.

17 O que estou a dizer é isto: a aliança que Deus fez com Abraão não podia ser anulada 430 anos mais tarde, quando Deus deu a Lei a Moisés. Isso seria Deus a quebrar a sua promessa. 18 Se a herança de vida dependesse do cumprimento desse código legal, deixaria de ser, como é evidente, uma promessa de Deus em que os crentes apoiassem a sua fé. Mas não, ela é algo que Deus garantiu a Moisés, gratuitamente, sem lhe pedir em troca submissão a uma lei.

19 Então para que serve a Lei? Ela teve de ser acrescentada por causa das transgressões. Mas esse sistema vigorava apenas até à vinda do descendente de Abraão (ou seja Cristo), a quem a promessa dizia respeito. E há uma outra diferença: Deus deu a sua Lei aos anjos para a dar a Moisés, que foi o mediador entre Deus e o povo. 20 Ora, um mediador é necessário se duas pessoas entram num acordo; mas Deus agiu por si próprio quando fez a sua promessa a Abraão.

21 Então a Lei é contra as promessas divinas? De maneira nenhuma! Porque se uma Lei tivesse sido dada que pudesse transmitir vida, então a justificação viria certamente pela observância da Lei. 22 Contudo, as Escrituras declaram que todos nós somos prisioneiros do pecado. Sendo assim, a única saída para a nossa salvação é a fé em Jesus Cristo. Por ele é que a promessa de vida, da parte de Deus, foi dada aos crentes.

23 Mas antes que chegasse esse tempo em que a fé em Cristo nos abriu a entrada junto de Deus, nós estávamos como que guardados e vigiados pela Lei, esperando o momento em que, pela fé, pudéssemos crer no Salvador que haveria de vir.

Os filhos de Deus

24 Dito de outra maneira: a Lei foi como que um aio que nos conduziu a Cristo. Então, por meio da fé, pudemos estabelecer a nossa relação com Deus. 25 E agora que Cristo já veio, já não há mais razão para continuarmos a viver sob esse educador, pois agora somos muito mais do que alunos. 26 Somos filhos de Deus pela fé em Cristo Jesus. 27 E todos quantos fomos batizados em nome de Cristo, identificados com a sua morte, ficámos assim revestidos dele. 28 E aqui não há lugar para diferenças: tanto judeus, como gregos, escravos e livres, homens ou mulheres, em Cristo Jesus todos formam um só povo. 29 Se somos de Cristo, somos então descendência de Abraão e herdeiros da mesma promessa.

O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you, that ye should not obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, crucified among you?

This only would I learn of you, Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?

Are ye so foolish? having begun in the Spirit, are ye now made perfect by the flesh?

Have ye suffered so many things in vain? if it be yet in vain.

He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?

Even as Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.

Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham.

And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed.

So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham.

10 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.

11 But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident: for, The just shall live by faith.

12 And the law is not of faith: but, The man that doeth them shall live in them.

13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree:

14 That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

15 Brethren, I speak after the manner of men; Though it be but a man's covenant, yet if it be confirmed, no man disannulleth, or addeth thereto.

16 Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ.

17 And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.

18 For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but God gave it to Abraham by promise.

19 Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator.

20 Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one.

21 Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.

22 But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.

23 But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.

24 Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

25 But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.

26 For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus.

27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.

28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.

29 And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.

Faith or Works of the Law

You foolish(A) Galatians!(B) Who has bewitched you?(C) Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified.(D) I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit(E) by the works of the law,(F) or by believing what you heard?(G) Are you so foolish? After beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh?[a] Have you experienced[b] so much in vain—if it really was in vain? So again I ask, does God give you his Spirit and work miracles(H) among you by the works of the law, or by your believing what you heard?(I) So also Abraham “believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”[c](J)

Understand, then, that those who have faith(K) are children of Abraham.(L) Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.”[d](M) So those who rely on faith(N) are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.(O)

10 For all who rely on the works of the law(P) are under a curse,(Q) as it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.”[e](R) 11 Clearly no one who relies on the law is justified before God,(S) because “the righteous will live by faith.”[f](T) 12 The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, it says, “The person who does these things will live by them.”[g](U) 13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law(V) by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.”[h](W) 14 He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus,(X) so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.(Y)

The Law and the Promise

15 Brothers and sisters,(Z) let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case. 16 The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed.(AA) Scripture does not say “and to seeds,” meaning many people, but “and to your seed,”[i](AB) meaning one person, who is Christ. 17 What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years(AC) later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise. 18 For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on the promise;(AD) but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise.

19 Why, then, was the law given at all? It was added because of transgressions(AE) until the Seed(AF) to whom the promise referred had come. The law was given through angels(AG) and entrusted to a mediator.(AH) 20 A mediator,(AI) however, implies more than one party; but God is one.

21 Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not!(AJ) For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law.(AK) 22 But Scripture has locked up everything under the control of sin,(AL) so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.

Children of God

23 Before the coming of this faith,[j] we were held in custody(AM) under the law, locked up until the faith that was to come would be revealed.(AN) 24 So the law was our guardian until Christ came(AO) that we might be justified by faith.(AP) 25 Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.(AQ)

26 So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God(AR) through faith, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ(AS) have clothed yourselves with Christ.(AT) 28 There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free,(AU) nor is there male and female,(AV) for you are all one in Christ Jesus.(AW) 29 If you belong to Christ,(AX) then you are Abraham’s seed,(AY) and heirs(AZ) according to the promise.(BA)

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 3:3 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.
  2. Galatians 3:4 Or suffered
  3. Galatians 3:6 Gen. 15:6
  4. Galatians 3:8 Gen. 12:3; 18:18; 22:18
  5. Galatians 3:10 Deut. 27:26
  6. Galatians 3:11 Hab. 2:4
  7. Galatians 3:12 Lev. 18:5
  8. Galatians 3:13 Deut. 21:23
  9. Galatians 3:16 Gen. 12:7; 13:15; 24:7
  10. Galatians 3:23 Or through the faithfulness of Jesus … 23 Before faith came

Justification by Faith(A)

O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you [a]that you should not obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed [b]among you as crucified? This only I want to learn from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, (B)or by the hearing of faith? Are you so foolish? (C)Having begun in the Spirit, are you now being made perfect by (D)the flesh? (E)Have you suffered so [c]many things in vain—if indeed it was in vain?

Therefore He who supplies the Spirit to you and works miracles among you, does He do it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?— just as Abraham (F)“believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” Therefore know that only (G)those who are of faith are sons of Abraham. And (H)the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel to Abraham beforehand, saying, (I)“In you all the nations shall be blessed.” So then those who are of faith are blessed with believing Abraham.

The Law Brings a Curse

10 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse; for it is written, (J)“Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them.” 11 But that no one is [d]justified by the law in the sight of God is evident, for (K)“the just shall live by faith.” 12 Yet (L)the law is not of faith, but (M)“the man who does them shall live by them.”

13 (N)Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, (O)“Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”), 14 (P)that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the (Q)Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive (R)the promise of the Spirit through faith.

The Changeless Promise(S)

15 Brethren, I speak in the manner of men: (T)Though it is only a man’s covenant, yet if it is confirmed, no one annuls or adds to it. 16 Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made. He does not say, “And to seeds,” as of many, but as of (U)one, (V)“And to your Seed,” who is (W)Christ. 17 And this I say, that the law, (X)which was four hundred and thirty years later, cannot annul the covenant that was confirmed before by God [e]in Christ, (Y)that it should make the promise of no effect. 18 For if (Z)the inheritance is of the law, (AA)it is no longer of promise; but God gave it to Abraham by promise.

Purpose of the Law

19 What purpose then does the law serve? (AB)It was added because of transgressions, till the (AC)Seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was (AD)appointed through angels by the hand (AE)of a mediator. 20 Now a mediator does not mediate for one only, (AF)but God is one.

21 Is the law then against the promises of God? Certainly not! For if there had been a law given which could have given life, truly righteousness would have been by the law. 22 But the Scripture has confined (AG)all under sin, (AH)that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. 23 But before faith came, we were kept under guard by the law, [f]kept for the faith which would afterward be revealed. 24 Therefore (AI)the law was our [g]tutor to bring us to Christ, (AJ)that we might be justified by faith. 25 But after faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor.

Sons and Heirs

26 For you (AK)are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For (AL)as many of you as were baptized into Christ (AM)have put on Christ. 28 (AN)There is neither Jew nor Greek, (AO)there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all (AP)one in Christ Jesus. 29 And (AQ)if you are Christ’s, then you are Abraham’s (AR)seed, and (AS)heirs according to the promise.

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 3:1 NU omits that you should not obey the truth
  2. Galatians 3:1 NU omits among you
  3. Galatians 3:4 Or great
  4. Galatians 3:11 declared righteous
  5. Galatians 3:17 NU omits in Christ
  6. Galatians 3:23 Lit. confined
  7. Galatians 3:24 In a household, the guardian responsible for the care and discipline of the children