Widerstände gegen den Aufbau von Jerusalem

Die Samariter betrachteten die Judäer und Benjaminiter als ihre Feinde. Als sie erfuhren, dass die Heimgekehrten schon begonnen hatten, den Tempel des Herrn, des Gottes Israels, wieder aufzubauen, kamen sie zu Serubbabel und den Sippenoberhäuptern und baten: »Lasst uns den Tempel zusammen bauen! Wir dienen doch demselben Gott wie ihr. Seit der Zeit von Asarhaddon, dem König von Assyrien, der uns hier angesiedelt hat, bringen wir diesem Gott unsere Opfer dar.« Doch Serubbabel, Jeschua und die übrigen Sippenoberhäupter von Israel entgegneten: »Nein, ihr könnt euch an dieser Arbeit nicht beteiligen. Wir allein werden für unseren Gott einen Tempel bauen. Uns hat Kyrus, der König von Persien, damit beauftragt!«

Von da an wurden die Juden von den Samaritern, mit denen sie das Land teilten, immer mehr eingeschüchtert und wagten nicht weiterzubauen. Es gelang den Samaritern sogar, einige Berater des persischen Königs Kyrus zu bestechen und so den Bau des Tempels bis zur Regierungszeit von König Darius zu verhindern.

Später, als Xerxes gerade die Herrschaft übernommen hatte, erhoben Israels Feinde in einer Klageschrift schwere Anschuldigungen gegen die Bewohner von Jerusalem und Juda.[a]

Während der Regierungszeit von Artaxerxes schrieben Bischlam, Mitredat, Tabeel und einige andere führende Männer zusammen einen Brief an den König. Er wurde in aramäischer Sprache verfasst und später übersetzt.[b] Auch Rehum, der Statthalter von Samarien, und sein Schreiber Schimschai schickten einen Brief an Artaxerxes und beschwerten sich über den Wiederaufbau von Jerusalem. Als Absender waren genannt:

»Der Statthalter Rehum, der Schreiber Schimschai und ihre übrigen Amtskollegen, die Richter, Beamten, Schreiber und Verwalter, die Männer aus Erech, Babylon und Susa in Elam, 10 zusammen mit den Volksgruppen, die der mächtige und berühmte Assurbanipal in den Städten von Samarien und in den anderen Ortschaften westlich des Euphrat angesiedelt hat.«

11 Das Schreiben lautete:

»An König Artaxerxes, von seinen Untertanen westlich des Euphrat:

12 Wir müssen dem König mitteilen, dass die Juden, die aus deinem Reich zu uns gekommen sind, die aufrührerische, verruchte Stadt Jerusalem wieder aufbauen wollen. Sie legen die Fundamente neu und errichten die Stadtmauern. 13 Wir geben dem König zu bedenken, dass die Bewohner keinen Tribut, keine Steuern und keine Zölle mehr zahlen werden, sobald die Mauern dieser Stadt wieder stehen. Das Königshaus wird großen Schaden nehmen. 14 Weil wir aber treue Untertanen und dem König verpflichtet sind,[c] können wir nicht länger mit ansehen, wie die Macht des Königs untergraben wird. Darum erstatten wir Bericht und schlagen vor: 15 Lass in den Chroniken deiner Vorgänger nachforschen. Dann wirst du sehen, dass Jerusalem schon immer eine rebellische Stadt war und den Königen und Statthaltern viel Schaden zugefügt hat. Seit jeher war es eine Brutstätte für Verschwörungen; darum wurde die Stadt ja dem Erdboden gleichgemacht. 16 Wenn Jerusalem wieder aufgebaut und seine Mauern errichtet werden, dann verliert dein Reich alle Gebiete westlich des Euphrat.«

17 Der König schickte folgende Antwort zurück:

»An den Statthalter Rehum, den Schreiber Schimschai und die königlichen Beauftragten in Samarien und im übrigen Gebiet westlich des Euphrat:

Ich grüße euch!

18 Euer Schreiben wurde in meiner Gegenwart übersetzt und verlesen. 19 Auf meinen Befehl hin wurden Nachforschungen angestellt, und tatsächlich fand man in den Chroniken, dass diese Stadt sich seit jeher gegen das Königshaus aufgelehnt und Verschwörungen angezettelt hat. 20 In Jerusalem haben Könige regiert, die ihre Herrschaft über das ganze Gebiet westlich des Euphrat ausdehnten und den Bewohnern Tribut, Steuern und Zölle auferlegten. 21 Darum sollt ihr den Männern dort verbieten, die Bauarbeiten weiterzuführen. Die Stadt darf erst dann wieder aufgebaut werden, wenn ich selbst es befehle. 22 Seid in dieser Angelegenheit nicht nachlässig! Unser Reich darf nicht noch einmal Schaden davontragen!«

23 Eine Abschrift des Briefes wurde Rehum, Schimschai und den übrigen führenden Männern vorgelesen. Sofort brachen sie nach Jerusalem auf und hinderten die Juden mit Waffengewalt am Weiterbau.

24 Schon unter Kyrus war der Wiederaufbau des Tempels in Jerusalem verhindert worden. Bis zum 2. Regierungsjahr von Darius, dem König von Persien, konnte in Jerusalem nicht weitergebaut werden.

Footnotes

  1. 4,6 Die Verse 6‒23 schildern ähnliche Schwierigkeiten aus späterer Zeit.
  2. 4,7 Ab hier bis Kapitel 6,18 ist der biblische Text auf Aramäisch, der damaligen Weltsprache, überliefert.
  3. 4,14 Wörtlich: Weil wir das Salz des Palasts essen. – Vertragsabschlüsse wurden durch das Essen von Salz besiegelt.

Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the Lord God of Israel;

Then they came to Zerubbabel, and to the chief of the fathers, and said unto them, Let us build with you: for we seek your God, as ye do; and we do sacrifice unto him since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assur, which brought us up hither.

But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God; but we ourselves together will build unto the Lord God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia hath commanded us.

Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building,

And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.

And in the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they unto him an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.

And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue.

Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort:

Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites,

10 And the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Asnapper brought over, and set in the cities of Samaria, and the rest that are on this side the river, and at such a time.

11 This is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king; Thy servants the men on this side the river, and at such a time.

12 Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations.

13 Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.

14 Now because we have maintenance from the king's palace, and it was not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and certified the king;

15 That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed.

16 We certify the king that, if this city be builded again, and the walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this side the river.

17 Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time.

18 The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.

19 And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.

20 There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them.

21 Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given from me.

22 Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?

23 Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.

24 Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.

Adversaries Oppose the Rebuilding

Now when (A)the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the returned exiles were building a temple to the Lord, the God of Israel, they approached Zerubbabel and the heads of fathers' houses and said to them, “Let us build with you, for we worship your God as you do, and we have been sacrificing to him ever (B)since the days of (C)Esarhaddon king of Assyria (D)who brought us here.” But Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of fathers' houses in Israel said to them, (E)“You have nothing to do with us in building a house to our God; but we alone will build to the Lord, the God of Israel, (F)as King Cyrus the king of Persia has commanded us.”

Then (G)the people of the land discouraged the people of Judah and made them afraid to build and bribed counselors against them to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.

And in the reign of (H)Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.

The Letter to King Artaxerxes

In the days of Artaxerxes, Bishlam and (I)Mithredath and Tabeel and the rest of their associates wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia. The letter was written (J)in Aramaic and translated.[a] Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king as follows: Rehum the commander, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their associates, the (K)judges, the (L)governors, the officials, the Persians, the men of Erech, the Babylonians, the men of Susa, that is, the (M)Elamites, 10 and the rest of the nations whom the great and noble (N)Osnappar deported and settled in the cities of Samaria and in the rest of the province Beyond the River. 11 (This is a copy of the letter that they sent.) “To Artaxerxes the king: Your servants, the men of the province Beyond the River, send greeting. And now 12 be it known to the king that the Jews who came up from you to us have gone to Jerusalem. They are rebuilding that rebellious and wicked city. They are (O)finishing the walls and repairing the foundations. 13 Now be it known to the king that if this city is rebuilt and the walls finished, they will not pay (P)tribute, custom, or toll, and the royal revenue will be impaired. 14 Now because we eat the salt of the palace[b] and it is not fitting for us to witness the king's dishonor, therefore we send and inform the king, 15 in order that search may be made in the book of the records of your fathers. You will find in the book of the records and learn that this city is a rebellious city, hurtful to kings and provinces, and that sedition was stirred up in it from of old. That was why this city was laid waste. 16 We make known to the king that if this city is rebuilt and its walls finished, you will then have no possession in the province Beyond the River.”

The King Orders the Work to Cease

17 The king sent an answer: “To Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe and the rest of their associates who live in Samaria and in the rest of the province Beyond the River, greeting. And now 18 the letter that you sent to us has been (Q)plainly read before me. 19 And I made a decree, and search has been made, and it has been found that this city from of old has risen against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made in it. 20 And mighty kings have been over Jerusalem, (R)who ruled over the whole province Beyond the River, to whom (S)tribute, custom, and toll were paid. 21 Therefore make a decree that these men be made to cease, and that this city be not rebuilt, until a decree is made by me. 22 And take care not to be slack in this matter. Why should damage grow to the hurt of the king?”

23 Then, when the copy of King Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum and Shimshai the scribe and their associates, they went in haste to the Jews at Jerusalem and by force and power made them cease. 24 Then the work on the house of God that is in Jerusalem stopped, and it ceased until the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.

Footnotes

  1. Ezra 4:7 Hebrew written in Aramaic and translated in Aramaic, indicating that 4:8–6:18 is in Aramaic; another interpretation is The letter was written in the Aramaic script and set forth in the Aramaic language
  2. Ezra 4:14 Aramaic because the salt of the palace is our salt