Passage Resources Hebrew/Greek Your Content
Previous Next
Add parallel Print Page Options
Close LBLA

Ezequiel 18
La Biblia de las Américas

La responsabilidad individual

18 Y vino a mí la palabra del Señor, diciendo: 2 ¿Qué queréis decir al usar este proverbio acerca de la tierra de Israel(A), que dice:

«Los padres comen las uvas agrias,
pero los dientes de los hijos tienen la dentera[a](B)»?

3 Vivo yo —declara el Señor Dios[b]— que no volveréis a usar más este proverbio en Israel. 4 He aquí, todas las almas son mías(C); tanto el alma del padre como el alma del hijo mías son. El alma que peque, esa morirá(D). 5 Pero el hombre que es justo, y practica el derecho y la justicia, 6 y no come en los santuarios de los montes ni levanta sus ojos a los ídolos de la casa de Israel(E), ni amancilla a la mujer de su prójimo(F), ni se acerca a una mujer durante su menstruación; 7 el hombre que no oprime a nadie, sino que devuelve al deudor su prenda(G); que no comete robo(H), sino que da su pan al hambriento y cubre al desnudo con ropa(I), 8 que no presta dinero a interés ni exige con usura(J), que retrae su mano de la maldad(K) y hace juicio verdadero entre hombre y hombre(L), 9 que anda en mis estatutos y mis ordenanzas(M) obrando fielmente(N), ese es justo; ciertamente vivirá —declara el Señor Dios(O).

10 Pero si engendra un hijo violento que derrama sangre y que hace cualquiera de estas cosas a un hermano 11 (aunque él mismo no hizo ninguna de estas cosas)(P), que también come en los santuarios de los montes y amancilla a la mujer de su prójimo, 12 oprime al pobre y al necesitado(Q), comete robo, no devuelve la prenda(R), que levanta sus ojos a los ídolos y comete abominación(S), 13 que presta a interés y exige con usura(T); ¿vivirá? ¡No vivirá! Ha cometido todas estas abominaciones, ciertamente morirá; su sangre será sobre él(U).

14 Mas he aquí, si engendra un hijo que observa todos los pecados que su padre ha cometido(V), y viéndolo no hace lo mismo, 15 no come en los santuarios de los montes, ni levanta sus ojos a los ídolos de la casa de Israel, ni amancilla a la mujer de su prójimo, 16 que no oprime a nadie, ni retiene la prenda, ni comete robo, sino que da su pan al hambriento y cubre al desnudo con ropa(W), 17 que retrae su mano del pobre[c], no cobra interés ni usura, cumple mis ordenanzas y anda en mis estatutos, ese no morirá por la iniquidad de su padre, ciertamente vivirá(X). 18 Su padre, que practicó la extorsión, robó[d] a su hermano e hizo lo que no era bueno en medio de su pueblo[e], he aquí, morirá por su iniquidad.

19 Y vosotros decís: «¿Por qué no carga el hijo con la iniquidad de su padre(Y)?». Cuando el hijo ha practicado el derecho y la justicia, ha observado todos mis estatutos y los ha cumplido, ciertamente vivirá(Z). 20 El alma que peque, esa morirá. El hijo no cargará con la iniquidad del padre, ni el padre cargará con la iniquidad del hijo(AA); la justicia del justo será sobre él(AB) y la maldad del impío será sobre él(AC).

21 Pero si el impío se aparta de todos los pecados que ha cometido, guarda todos mis estatutos y practica el derecho y la justicia, ciertamente vivirá, no morirá(AD). 22 Ninguna de las transgresiones que ha cometido le serán recordadas; por la justicia que ha practicado(AE), vivirá(AF). 23 ¿Acaso me complazco yo en la muerte del impío —declara el Señor Dios— y no en que se aparte de sus caminos(AG) y viva(AH)?

24 Pero si el justo se aparta de su justicia y comete iniquidad, actuando conforme a todas las abominaciones que comete el impío, ¿vivirá? Ninguna de las obras justas que ha hecho le serán recordadas(AI); por la infidelidad que ha cometido y el pecado que ha cometido, por ellos morirá(AJ). 25 Y vosotros decís: «No es recto el camino del Señor(AK)». Oíd ahora, casa de Israel: ¿No es recto mi camino? ¿No son vuestros caminos los que no son rectos(AL)? 26 Cuando el justo se aparta de su justicia, comete iniquidad y muere a causa de ello, por la iniquidad que ha cometido, morirá. 27 Y cuando el impío se aparta de la maldad que ha cometido y practica el derecho y la justicia, salvará su vida(AM). 28 Porque consideró y se apartó de todas las transgresiones que había cometido, ciertamente vivirá, no morirá. 29 Pero la casa de Israel dice: «El camino del Señor no es recto». ¿No son rectos mis caminos, oh casa de Israel? ¿No son vuestros caminos los que no son rectos?

30 Por tanto, os juzgaré, a cada uno conforme a su conducta, oh casa de Israel —declara el Señor Dios—. Arrepentíos y apartaos de todas vuestras transgresiones, para que la iniquidad no os sea piedra de tropiezo(AN). 31 Arrojad de vosotros todas las transgresiones que habéis cometido(AO), y haceos un corazón nuevo y un espíritu nuevo(AP). ¿Por qué habéis de morir, casa de Israel? 32 Pues yo no me complazco en la muerte de nadie[f] —declara el Señor Dios—. Arrepentíos y vivid(AQ).

Footnotes

  1. Ezequiel 18:2 Lit., se embotan
  2. Ezequiel 18:3 Heb., YHWH, generalmente traducido Señor, y así en el resto del cap.
  3. Ezequiel 18:17 La versión gr. (sept.) dice: de la maldad como en el vers. 8
  4. Ezequiel 18:18 Lit., cometió robo
  5. Ezequiel 18:18 Lit., sus parientes
  6. Ezequiel 18:32 Lit., del que muere
Close NET

Ezekiel 18
New English Translation

Individual Retribution

18 The Lord’s message came to me: 2 “What do you mean by quoting this proverb concerning the land of Israel:

“‘The fathers eat sour grapes,
And the children’s teeth become numb?’[a]

3 “As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord,[b] you will not quote this proverb in Israel anymore! 4 Indeed! All lives are mine—the life of the father as well as the life of the son is mine. The one[c] who sins will die.

5 “Suppose a man is righteous. He practices what is just and right, 6 does not eat pagan sacrifices on the mountains[d] or pray to the idols[e] of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor’s wife, does not approach a woman for marital relations[f] during her period, 7 does not oppress anyone, but gives the debtor back whatever was given in pledge,[g] does not commit robbery,[h] but gives his bread to the hungry and clothes the naked, 8 does not engage in usury or charge interest,[i] but refrains[j] from wrongdoing, promotes true justice[k] between men, 9 and follows my statutes and observes my regulations by carrying them out.[l] That man[m] is righteous; he will certainly live,[n] declares the Sovereign Lord.

10 “Suppose such a man has[o] a violent son who sheds blood and does any of these things[p] mentioned previously 11 (though the father did not do any of them).[q] He eats pagan sacrifices on the mountains,[r] defiles his neighbor’s wife, 12 oppresses the poor and the needy,[s] commits robbery, does not give back what was given in pledge, prays to[t] idols, performs abominable acts, 13 engages in usury, and charges interest. Will he live? He will not! Because he has done all these abominable deeds he will certainly die.[u] He will bear the responsibility for his own death.[v]

14 “But suppose he in turn has a son who notices all the sins his father commits, considers them, and does not follow his father’s example.[w] 15 He does not eat pagan sacrifices on the mountains, does not pray to the idols of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor’s wife, 16 does not oppress anyone or keep what has been given in pledge, does not commit robbery, gives his food to the hungry and clothes the naked, 17 refrains from wrongdoing,[x] does not engage in usury or charge interest, carries out my regulations, and follows my statutes. He will not die for his father’s iniquity;[y] he will surely live. 18 As for his father, because he practices extortion, robs his brother, and does what is not good among his people, he will die for his iniquity.

19 “Yet you say, ‘Why should the son not suffer[z] for his father’s iniquity?’ When the son does what is just and right, and observes all my statutes and carries them out, he will surely live. 20 The person who sins is the one who will die. A son will not suffer[aa] for his father’s iniquity, and a father will not suffer[ab] for his son’s iniquity; the righteous person will be judged according to his righteousness, and the wicked person according to his wickedness.[ac]

21 “But if the wicked person turns from all the sin he has committed and observes all my statutes and does what is just and right, he will surely live; he will not die. 22 None of the sins he has committed will be held[ad] against him; because of the righteousness he has done, he will live. 23 Do I actually delight in the death of the wicked, declares the Sovereign Lord? Do I not prefer that he turn from his wicked conduct and live?

24 “But if a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and practices wrongdoing according to all the abominable practices the wicked carry out, will he live? All his righteous acts will not be remembered; because of the unfaithful acts he has done and the sin he has committed, he will die.[ae]

25 “Yet you say, ‘The Lord’s conduct[af] is unjust!’ Hear, O house of Israel: Is my conduct unjust? Is it not your conduct that is unjust? 26 When a righteous person turns back from his righteousness and practices wrongdoing, he will die for it;[ag] because of the wrongdoing he has done, he will die. 27 When a wicked person turns from the wickedness he has committed and does what is just and right, he will preserve his life. 28 Because he considered[ah] and turned from all the sins he had done, he will surely live; he will not die. 29 Yet the house of Israel says, ‘The Lord’s conduct is unjust!’ Is my conduct unjust, O house of Israel? Is it not your conduct that is unjust?

30 “Therefore, I will judge each person according to his conduct,[ai] O house of Israel, declares the Sovereign Lord. Repent[aj] and turn from all your wickedness; then it will not be an obstacle leading to iniquity.[ak] 31 Throw away all your sins you have committed and fashion yourselves a new heart and a new spirit![al] Why should you die, O house of Israel? 32 For I take no delight in the death of anyone,[am] declares the Sovereign Lord. Repent and live!

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 18:2 tn This word occurs three times, in the Qal stem here and the parallel passage in Jer 31:29-30, and in the Piel stem at Eccl 10:10. In the latter passage it refers to the bluntness of an ax that has not been sharpened. Here the “bluntness” of the teeth is not due to grinding them down because of the bitter taste of sour grapes but to the fact that they have lost their “edge,” “bite,” or “sharpness” because they are numb from the sour taste. For this meaning for the word, see W. L. Holladay, Jeremiah (Hermeneia), 2:197.
  2. Ezekiel 18:3 tn This expression occurs often in Ezekiel (5:11; 14:16, 18, 20; 16:48; 17:16, 19; 20:3, 31, 33; 33:11, 27; 34:8; 35:6, 11).
  3. Ezekiel 18:4 tn Heb “life.”
  4. Ezekiel 18:6 tn Heb “on the mountains he does not eat.” The mountains are often mentioned as the place where idolatrous sacrifices were eaten (Ezek 20:28; 22:9; 34:6).
  5. Ezekiel 18:6 tn Heb “does not lift up his eyes.” This refers to looking to idols for help.
  6. Ezekiel 18:6 tn The expression קָרַב אֶל (qarav ʾel) means “draw near to” or “approach,” but is also used as a euphemism for the intended purpose of sexual relations (Lev 18:14; Deut 22:14; Isa 8:3).
  7. Ezekiel 18:7 tn Heb “restores to the debtor his pledge.” The root occurs in Exod 22:25 in reference to restoring a man’s garment as a pledge before nightfall.
  8. Ezekiel 18:7 tn The Hebrew term refers to seizure of property, usually by the rich (Isa 3:14; 10:2; Mic 2:2; see Lev 5:21, 22 HT [6:2, 3 ET]).
  9. Ezekiel 18:8 sn This law was given in Lev 25:36.
  10. Ezekiel 18:8 tn Heb, “turns back his hand.”
  11. Ezekiel 18:8 tn Heb “justice of truth.”
  12. Ezekiel 18:9 tc The MT reads לַעֲשׂוֹת אֱמֶת (laʿasot ʾemet, “to do with integrity”), while the LXX reads “to do them,” presupposing לַעֲשׂוֹת אֹתָם (laʿasot ʾotam). The ם (mem) and ת (tav) have been reversed in the MT. The LXX reflects the original, supported by similar phrasing in Ezekiel 11:20; 20:19.
  13. Ezekiel 18:9 tn Heb “he.”
  14. Ezekiel 18:9 tn Heb “living, he will live.” The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb for emphasis.
  15. Ezekiel 18:10 tn Heb “begets.”
  16. Ezekiel 18:10 tn Heb “and he does, a brother, from one of these.” If “brother” is retained, it may be an adverbial accusative: “against a brother” (i.e., fellow Israelite). But the form is likely dittographic, as the consonants that spell “brother” אח (alef-het) occur in the following word).
  17. Ezekiel 18:11 tn Heb “and he all of these did not do.” The parenthetical note refers back to the father described in the preceding verses.
  18. Ezekiel 18:11 sn See note on “mountains” in v. 6.
  19. Ezekiel 18:12 sn The poor and needy are often mentioned together in the OT (Deut 24:14; Jer 22:16; Ezek 16:49; Pss 12:6; 35:10; 37:14).
  20. Ezekiel 18:12 tn Heb “lifts up his eyes.”
  21. Ezekiel 18:13 tn Heb “be put to death.” The translation follows an alternative reading that appears in several ancient textual witnesses.
  22. Ezekiel 18:13 tn Heb “his blood will be upon him.”
  23. Ezekiel 18:14 tn Heb “and he sees and does not do likewise.”
  24. Ezekiel 18:17 tc This translation follows the LXX. The MT reads: “restrains his hand from the poor,” which makes no sense here.
  25. Ezekiel 18:17 tn Or “in his father’s punishment.” The phrase “in/for [a person’s] iniquity/punishment” occurs fourteen times in Ezekiel: here and in vv. 18, 19, 20; 3:18, 19; 4:17; 7:13, 16; 24:23; 33:6, 8, 9; 39:23. The Hebrew word for “iniquity” may also mean the “punishment for iniquity.”
  26. Ezekiel 18:19 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  27. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  28. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  29. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “the righteousness of the righteous one will be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked one will be upon him.”
  30. Ezekiel 18:22 tn Heb “remembered.”
  31. Ezekiel 18:24 tn Heb “because of them he will die.”
  32. Ezekiel 18:25 tn Heb “way.”
  33. Ezekiel 18:26 tn Heb “for them” or “because of them.”
  34. Ezekiel 18:28 tn Heb “he saw.”
  35. Ezekiel 18:30 tn Heb “ways.”
  36. Ezekiel 18:30 tn The verbs and persons in this verse are plural whereas the individual has been the subject of the chapter.
  37. Ezekiel 18:30 tn Or “leading to punishment.”
  38. Ezekiel 18:31 sn In Ezek 11:19 and 36:26 the new heart and new spirit are promised as future blessings.
  39. Ezekiel 18:32 tn Heb “the death of the one dying.”
Next
Ezequiel 17
Ezequiel 19
Next
dropdown
La Biblia de las Américas (LBLA)

Copyright © 1986, 1995, 1997 by The Lockman Foundation

La Biblia de las Américas is made available by The Lockman Foundation
New English Translation (NET)

NET Bible® copyright ©1996-2017 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. http://netbible.com All rights reserved.