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Ezekiel 32
Lexham English Bible

A Lament for Pharaoh, King of Egypt

32 And then[a] in the twelfth[b] year, in the twelfth[c] month, on the first day of the month, the word of Yahweh came[d] to me, saying,[e] 2 “Son of man,[f] raise a lament over Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and you must say to him,

‘With a fierce, strong lion among nations you compared yourself,
    and you are like the sea monster in the seas,
    and you thrash about in your rivers,
    and you make water turbid with your feet,
    and you make your rivers muddy.

3 Thus says the Lord Yahweh:

Now I will spread my net over you
    in the assembly of many peoples,
    and I will bring you up in my dragnet.
4 And I will throw you on the ground;
    on the surface of the open field I will hurl you,
and I will cause every bird of the heaven to dwell on you,
    and I will satisfy the animals[g] of all of the world from you.
5 And I will put your flesh on the mountains,
    and I will fill the valleys with your carcass.
6 And I will water the land with your discharge from your blood
    on the mountains,
    and valleys will be filled from[h] you.
7 And I will cover you at[i] extinguishing your heavens,
    and I will make dark their stars,
and I will cover the sun with the cloud,
    and the moon will not give its light.
8 All[j] sources of light in the heavens,
    I will make them dark over you,
    and I will put[k] darkness on your land,’”

declares[l] the Lord Yahweh.

9 “And I will disturb the hearts[m] of many peoples
    at my bringing about your captivity among the nations,
    to countries that you do not know.
10 And I will cause many peoples to be awestruck over you,
    and their kings will shudder over you in horror,
at[n] my brandishing my sword before their faces,
    and they will tremble continually,[o]
each person for his life,
    on the day of your downfall.”

11 For thus says the Lord Yahweh:

“The sword of the king of Babylon,
    it will come to you.
12 By the swords of warriors I will cause to fall your hordes
    by the most ruthless of the nations, all of them,
and they will devastate the majesty of Egypt,
    and all of its hordes will be destroyed.
13 And I will destroy all her domestic livestock
    beside[p] many waters.
The feet of humans[q] will not make them turbid again,
    and the hooves of domestic livestock will not make them turbid.
14 Then I will make their waters settle,
    and their rivers as the olive oil I will let flow,”

declares[r] the Lord Yahweh.

15 “Then I make the land of Egypt a desolation,
    so that the land will be stripped from its fullness
when I strike all of those dwelling in it,
    and they will know that I am Yahweh.

16 This is[s] a lament, and they will chant it as a lament; the daughters of the nations will chant it as a lament over Egypt, and over all of its hordes they will chant it as a lament,” declares[t] the Lord Yahweh.

17 And then[u] in the twelfth[v] year, on the fifteenth[w] day of the month, the word of Yahweh came[x] to me, saying,[y] 18 “Son of man,[z] mourn over the hordes of Egypt, and make her go down, and with her the daughters of mighty nations, down to the deep underworld[aa] with the people going down to the grave.[ab] 19 You are more lovely than whom?[ac] Go down and be laid in rest with the uncircumcised. 20 In the midst of the people slain by the sword it[ad] is given they will fall to a sword; they carried her[ae] off and all of her[af] hordes. 21 The chiefs of the warriors will speak to him from the middle of Sheol; with his helpers they have gone down; the uncircumcised lie still, those slain by the sword.[ag]

22 Assyria is there and all of its assembly; all around it are its graves, all of them killed, those fallen by the sword, 23 who[ah] will be given its graves in the remote areas of the pit, and its assembly will be all around its grave, all of them killed, fallen by the sword, those who spread terror in the land of the living.

24 Elam is there and all of its hordes, all around its grave, all of them dead who fell by the sword, those who went down uncircumcised to the depths of the underworld,[ai] those who spread their terror to the land of the living, and now they bear their disgrace with the people going down to the grave.[aj] 25 In the midst of the slain they made a bed for her with all of her hordes all around its graves, all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword, for their terror was spread in the land of the living, and they now bear their disgrace with the people going down to the grave;[ak] in the midst of the slain it was placed.

26 Meshech and Tubal are there and all of its hordes, all around him its graves, all of them uncircumcised and killed by the sword, for they gave their terror in the land of the living. 27 And they do not lie with warriors fallen from long ago, who went down to Sheol with their weapons of war,[al] and they placed their sword under their heads, and their shields[am] were on their bones, for the terror of the warriors was in the land of the living. 28 And you[an] too in the midst of uncircumcised people will be broken, and you will lie with those slain by the sword.

29 There is Edom, its kings and all of its leaders who are laid along with their might with those killed by the sword; they will lie with the uncircumcised and with the people going down to the grave.[ao]

30 There are also the princes of the north, all of them, all of the Sidonians who have gone down, being ashamed to lie with the slain because[ap] of their terror that they caused from their might, and they lie uncircumcised with those killed by the sword, and they bear their disgrace along with the people going down to the grave.[aq]

31 Pharaoh will see them, and he will be comforted over all of his hordes killed by the sword, Pharaoh and all of his army,” declares[ar] the Lord Yahweh. 32 “For[as] he spread[at] my terror in the land of the living, and so he will be laid down in the midst of the uncircumcised with those killed by the sword: Pharaoh and all of his hordes,”declares[au] the Lord Yahweh.

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 32:1 Literally “and it was/happened”
  2. Ezekiel 32:1 Literally “two of ten”
  3. Ezekiel 32:1 Literally “in two ten month”
  4. Ezekiel 32:1 Literally “was”
  5. Ezekiel 32:1 Literally “to say”
  6. Ezekiel 32:2 Or “mortal,” or “son of humankind”
  7. Ezekiel 32:4 Hebrew “animal”
  8. Ezekiel 32:6 Or “with”
  9. Ezekiel 32:7 Or “by”
  10. Ezekiel 32:8 Or “every”
  11. Ezekiel 32:8 Or “give”
  12. Ezekiel 32:8 Literally “declaration of”
  13. Ezekiel 32:9 Hebrew “heart”
  14. Ezekiel 32:10 Or “when”
  15. Ezekiel 32:10 Literally “for moments/seconds”
  16. Ezekiel 32:13 Literally “from on”
  17. Ezekiel 32:13 Hebrew “human”
  18. Ezekiel 32:14 Literally “declaration of”
  19. Ezekiel 32:16 Literally “she is”
  20. Ezekiel 32:16 Literally “declaration of”
  21. Ezekiel 32:17 Literally “and it happened/was”
  22. Ezekiel 32:17 Literally “two of ten”
  23. Ezekiel 32:17 Literally “in the five ten of”
  24. Ezekiel 32:17 Literally “was”
  25. Ezekiel 32:17 Literally “to say”
  26. Ezekiel 32:18 Or “mortal,” or “son of humankind”
  27. Ezekiel 32:18 Literally “to the world/earth deeps/depth”
  28. Ezekiel 32:18 Or “pit” or “netherworld”
  29. Ezekiel 32:19 Literally “from whom are you lovely”
  30. Ezekiel 32:20 Or “she”; that is, Egypt
  31. Ezekiel 32:20 Or “it”
  32. Ezekiel 32:20 Or “its”
  33. Ezekiel 32:21 Literally “the slain of the sword”
  34. Ezekiel 32:23 That is, Assyria
  35. Ezekiel 32:24 Literally “land/earth/world”
  36. Ezekiel 32:24 Or “pit” or “sheol”
  37. Ezekiel 32:25 Or “pit”
  38. Ezekiel 32:27 Literally “with the weapons of war their”
  39. Ezekiel 32:27 Reading “their shields” for “their guilt”
  40. Ezekiel 32:28 Evidently refers to Egypt
  41. Ezekiel 32:29 Or “pit”
  42. Ezekiel 32:30 Or “in spite of” (cf. NJPS, NIV)
  43. Ezekiel 32:30 Or “pit”
  44. Ezekiel 32:31 Literally “declaration of”
  45. Ezekiel 32:32 Or “although”
  46. Ezekiel 32:32 Hebrew “I gave”
  47. Ezekiel 32:32 Literally “declaration of”
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Ezechiele 32
Conferenza Episcopale Italiana

Il coccodrillo

32 Il primo giorno del dodicesimo mese dell'anno decimosecondo, mi fu rivolta questa parola del Signore: 2 «Figlio dell'uomo, intona un lamento sul faraone re d'Egitto dicendo:

Leone fra le genti eri considerato;
ma eri come un coccodrillo nelle acque,
erompevi nei tuoi fiumi
e agitavi le acque con le tue zampe,
intorbidandone i corsi».
3 Dice il Signore Dio:
«Tenderò contro di te la mia rete
con una grande assemblea di popoli
e ti tireranno su con la mia rete.
4 Ti getterò sulla terraferma
e ti abbandonerò al suolo.
Farò posare su di te tutti gli uccelli del cielo
e sazierò di te tutte le bestie della terra.
5 Spargerò per i monti la tua carne
e riempirò le valli della tua carogna.
6 Farò bere alla terra il tuo scolo,
il tuo sangue, fino ai monti,
e i burroni saranno pieni di te.
7 Quando cadrai estinto, coprirò il cielo
e oscurerò le sue stelle,
velerò il sole di nubi e la luna non brillerà.
8 Oscurerò tutti gli astri del cielo su di te
e stenderò sulla tua terra le tenebre.
Parola del Signore Dio.

9 Sgomenterò il cuore di molti popoli, quando farò giungere la notizia della tua rovina alle genti, in regioni a te sconosciute. 10 Per te farò stupire molti popoli e tremeranno i loro re a causa tua, quando sguainerò la spada davanti a loro. Ognuno tremerà ad ogni istante per la sua vita, nel giorno della tua rovina». 11 Poiché dice il Signore Dio: «La spada del re di Babilonia ti raggiungerà.

12 Abbatterò la tua moltitudine con la spada dei prodi,
dei popoli più feroci;
abbatteranno l'orgoglio dell'Egitto
e tutta la sua moltitudine sarà sterminata.
13 Farò perire tutto il suo bestiame
sulle rive delle grandi acque,
che non saranno più turbate da piede d'uomo,
né unghia d'animale le intorbiderà.
14 Allora farò ritornare tranquille le loro acque
e farò scorrere i loro canali come olio.
Parola del Signore Dio.
15 Quando avrò fatto dell'Egitto una terra desolata,
tutta priva di quanto contiene,
quando avrò percosso tutti i suoi abitanti,
allora si saprà che io sono il Signore.

16 Questo è un lamento e lo si canterà. Lo canteranno le figlie delle genti, lo canteranno sull'Egitto e su tutta la sua moltitudine». Oracolo del Signore Dio.

Discesa del faraone nello Sheol

17 Ai quindici del primo mese, dell'anno decimosecondo, mi fu rivolta questa parola del Signore: 18 «Figlio dell'uomo, intona un canto funebre sugli abitanti dell'Egitto. Falli scendere insieme con le figlie di nazioni potenti, nella regione sotterranea, con quelli che scendono nella fossa.

19 Di chi tu sei più bello?
Scendi e giaci con i non circoncisi.

20 Cadranno fra gli uccisi di spada; la spada è gia consegnata. Colpite a morte l'Egitto e tutta la sua gente. 21 I più potenti eroi si rivolgeranno a lui e ai suoi ausiliari e dagli inferi diranno: Vieni, giaci con i non circoncisi, con i trafitti di spada. 22 Là è Assur e tutta la sua gente, intorno al suo sepolcro, uccisi, tutti trafitti di spada; 23 poiché le loro sepolture sono poste nel fondo della fossa e la sua gente è intorno alla sua tomba: uccisi, tutti, trafitti di spada, essi che seminavano il terrore nella terra dei viventi.

24 Là è Elam e tutto il suo esercito, intorno al suo sepolcro. Uccisi, tutti, trafitti di spada, scesi non circoncisi nella regione sotterranea, essi che seminavano il terrore nella terra dei viventi. Ora portano la loro ignominia con quelli che scendono nella fossa. 25 In mezzo ai trafitti posero il suo giaciglio e tutta la sua gente intorno al suo sepolcro, tutti non circoncisi, trafitti di spada; perché avevano sparso il terrore nella terra dei viventi, portano la loro ignominia con quelli che scendono nella fossa; sono stati collocati in mezzo ai trafitti di spada.

26 Là è Mesech, Tubal e tutta la sua gente, intorno al suo sepolcro: tutti non circoncisi, trafitti di spada, perché incutevano il terrore nella terra dei viventi. 27 Non giaceranno al fianco degli eroi caduti da secoli, che scesero negli inferi con le armi di guerra, con le spade disposte sotto il loro capo e con gli scudi sulle loro ossa, perché tali eroi erano un terrore nella terra dei viventi. 28 Così tu giacerai fra i non circoncisi e con i trafitti di spada.

29 Là è Edom, i suoi re e tutti i suoi prìncipi che, nonostante il loro valore, sono posti con i trafitti di spada: giacciono con i non circoncisi e con quelli che scendono nella fossa. 30 Là sono tutti i prìncipi del settentrione, tutti quelli di Sidòne, che scesero con i trafitti, nonostante il terrore sparso dalla loro potenza; giacciono i non circoncisi con i trafitti di spada e portano la loro ignominia con quelli che scendono nella fossa.

31 Il faraone li vedrà e si consolerà alla vista di tutta questa moltitudine; il faraone e tutto il suo esercito saranno trafitti di spada. Oracolo del Signore Dio. 32 Perchè aveva sparso il terrore nella terra dei viventi, ecco giace in mezzo ai non circoncisi, con i trafitti di spada, egli il faraone e tutta la sua moltitudine». Parola del Signore Dio.

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Ezekiel 32
Christian Standard Bible

A Lament for Pharaoh

32 In the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me: 2 “Son of man, lament(A) for Pharaoh king of Egypt and say to him,

‘You compare yourself to a lion of the nations,
but[a] you are like a monster[b](B) in the seas.
You thrash about in your rivers,
churn up the waters with your feet,
and muddy the[c] rivers.

3 “‘This is what the Lord God says:

I will spread my net over you(C)
with an assembly of many peoples,
and they[d] will haul you up in my net.
4 I will abandon you on the land
and throw you onto the open field.
I will cause all the birds of the sky
to settle on you
and let the wild creatures of the entire earth
eat their fill of you.(D)
5 I will put your flesh on the mountains(E)
and fill the valleys with your carcass.
6 I will drench the land
with the flow of your blood,
even to the mountains;
the ravines will be filled with your gore.
7 “‘When I snuff you out,
I will cover the heavens
and darken their stars.
I will cover the sun with a cloud,(F)
and the moon will not give its light.
8 I will darken all the shining lights
in the heavens over you,
and will bring darkness on your land.
This is the declaration of the Lord God.
9 “‘I will trouble the hearts of many peoples,
when I bring about your destruction
among the nations,
in countries you have not known.
10 I will cause many peoples to be appalled at you,
and their kings will shudder with fear because of you(G)
when I brandish my sword in front of them.
On the day of your downfall
each of them will tremble
every moment(H) for his life.

11 “‘For this is what the Lord God says:

The sword of Babylon’s king
will come against you!
12 I will make your hordes fall
by the swords of warriors,
all of them ruthless men from the nations.(I)
They will ravage Egypt’s pride,
and all its hordes will be destroyed.
13 I will slaughter all its cattle
that are beside many waters.
No human foot will churn them again,
and no cattle hooves will disturb them.(J)
14 Then I will let their waters settle
and will make their rivers flow like oil.
This is the declaration of the Lord God.
15 When I make the land of Egypt a desolation,
so that it is emptied of everything in it,
when I strike down all who live there,
then they will know that I am the Lord.(K)

16 “‘The daughters of the nations will chant that lament.(L) They will chant it over Egypt and all its hordes. This is the declaration of the Lord God.’”

Egypt in Sheol

17 In the twelfth year,[e] on the fifteenth day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me: 18 “Son of man, wail over the hordes of Egypt and bring Egypt and the daughters of mighty nations down to the underworld,[f] to be with those who descend to the Pit:(M)

19 Who do you surpass in loveliness?
Go down and be laid to rest with the uncircumcised!
20 They will fall among those slain by the sword.
A sword is appointed!(N)
They drag her and all her hordes away.
21 Warrior leaders will speak
from the middle of Sheol
about him[g] and his allies:
‘They have come down;
the uncircumcised lie
slain by the sword.’(O)

22 “Assyria is there with her whole assembly;
her graves are all around her.
All of them are slain, fallen by the sword.
23 Her graves are set in the deepest regions of the Pit,
and her assembly is all around her burial place.
All of them are slain, fallen by the sword—
those who once spread terror
in the land of the living.

24 “Elam(P) is there
with all her hordes around her grave.
All of them are slain, fallen by the sword—
those who went down to the underworld uncircumcised,
who once spread their terror
in the land of the living.
They bear their disgrace
with those who descend to the Pit.
25 Among the slain
they prepare a bed for Elam
with all her hordes.
Her graves are all around her.
All of them are uncircumcised,
slain by the sword,
although their terror was once spread
in the land of the living.
They bear their disgrace
with those who descend to the Pit.
They are placed among the slain.

26 “Meshech and Tubal[h](Q) are there,
with all their hordes.
Their graves are all around them.
All of them are uncircumcised, slain by the sword,
although their terror was once spread
in the land of the living.
27 They do not lie down
with the fallen warriors of the uncircumcised,[i]
who went down to Sheol
with their weapons of war,
whose swords were placed under their heads[j]
and their shields[k]
rested on their bones,
although the terror of these warriors
was once in the land of the living.
28 But you will be shattered
and will lie down among the uncircumcised,
with those slain by the sword.(R)

29 “Edom(S) is there, her kings and all her princes,
who, despite their strength, have been placed
among those slain by the sword.
They lie down with the uncircumcised,
with those who descend to the Pit.
30 All the leaders of the north(T)
and all the Sidonians(U) are there.
They went down in shame with the slain,
despite the terror their strength inspired.
They lie down uncircumcised
with those slain by the sword.
They bear their disgrace
with those who descend to the Pit.

31 “Pharaoh will see them
and be comforted(V) over all his hordes—
Pharaoh and his whole army,
slain by the sword.”

This is the declaration of the Lord God.

32 “For I will spread my[l] terror
in the land of the living,
so Pharaoh and all his hordes
will be laid to rest among the uncircumcised,
with those slain by the sword.”

This is the declaration of the Lord God.

Footnotes

  1. 32:2 Or ‘Lion of the nations, you are destroyed;
  2. 32:2 Or crocodile
  3. 32:2 Lit their
  4. 32:3 LXX, Vg read I
  5. 32:17 LXX reads year, in the first month,
  6. 32:18 Lit the lower parts of the earth, also in v. 24
  7. 32:21 Either Pharaoh or Egypt
  8. 32:26 Lit Meshech-tubal
  9. 32:27 LXX reads of antiquity
  10. 32:27 Or Do they not... heads?
  11. 32:27 Emended; MT reads iniquities
  12. 32:32 Alt Hb tradition, LXX, Syr read his
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Ezekiel 32
New International Version

A Lament Over Pharaoh

32 In the twelfth year, in the twelfth month on the first day, the word of the Lord came to me:(A) 2 “Son of man, take up a lament(B) concerning Pharaoh king of Egypt and say to him:

“‘You are like a lion(C) among the nations;
    you are like a monster(D) in the seas(E)
thrashing about in your streams,
    churning the water with your feet
    and muddying the streams.(F)

3 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says:

“‘With a great throng of people
    I will cast my net over you,
    and they will haul you up in my net.(G)
4 I will throw you on the land
    and hurl you on the open field.
I will let all the birds of the sky settle on you
    and all the animals of the wild gorge themselves on you.(H)
5 I will spread your flesh on the mountains
    and fill the valleys(I) with your remains.
6 I will drench the land with your flowing blood(J)
    all the way to the mountains,
    and the ravines will be filled with your flesh.(K)
7 When I snuff you out, I will cover the heavens
    and darken their stars;
I will cover the sun with a cloud,
    and the moon will not give its light.(L)
8 All the shining lights in the heavens
    I will darken(M) over you;
    I will bring darkness over your land,(N)
declares the Sovereign Lord.
9 I will trouble the hearts of many peoples
    when I bring about your destruction among the nations,
    among[a] lands you have not known.
10 I will cause many peoples to be appalled at you,
    and their kings will shudder with horror because of you
    when I brandish my sword(O) before them.
On the day(P) of your downfall
    each of them will tremble
    every moment for his life.(Q)

11 “‘For this is what the Sovereign Lord says:

“‘The sword(R) of the king of Babylon(S)
    will come against you.(T)
12 I will cause your hordes to fall
    by the swords of mighty men—
    the most ruthless of all nations.(U)
They will shatter the pride of Egypt,
    and all her hordes will be overthrown.(V)
13 I will destroy all her cattle
    from beside abundant waters
no longer to be stirred by the foot of man
    or muddied by the hooves of cattle.(W)
14 Then I will let her waters settle
    and make her streams flow like oil,
declares the Sovereign Lord.
15 When I make Egypt desolate
    and strip the land of everything in it,
when I strike down all who live there,
    then they will know that I am the Lord.(X)’

16 “This is the lament(Y) they will chant for her. The daughters of the nations will chant it; for Egypt and all her hordes they will chant it, declares the Sovereign Lord.”

Egypt’s Descent Into the Realm of the Dead

17 In the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me:(Z) 18 “Son of man, wail for the hordes of Egypt and consign(AA) to the earth below both her and the daughters of mighty nations, along with those who go down to the pit.(AB) 19 Say to them, ‘Are you more favored than others? Go down and be laid among the uncircumcised.’(AC) 20 They will fall among those killed by the sword. The sword is drawn; let her be dragged(AD) off with all her hordes.(AE) 21 From within the realm of the dead(AF) the mighty leaders will say of Egypt and her allies, ‘They have come down and they lie with the uncircumcised,(AG) with those killed by the sword.’

22 “Assyria is there with her whole army; she is surrounded by the graves of all her slain, all who have fallen by the sword. 23 Their graves are in the depths of the pit(AH) and her army lies around her grave.(AI) All who had spread terror in the land of the living are slain, fallen by the sword.

24 “Elam(AJ) is there, with all her hordes around her grave. All of them are slain, fallen by the sword.(AK) All who had spread terror in the land of the living(AL) went down uncircumcised to the earth below. They bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.(AM) 25 A bed is made for her among the slain, with all her hordes around her grave. All of them are uncircumcised,(AN) killed by the sword. Because their terror had spread in the land of the living, they bear their shame with those who go down to the pit; they are laid among the slain.

26 “Meshek and Tubal(AO) are there, with all their hordes around their graves. All of them are uncircumcised, killed by the sword because they spread their terror in the land of the living. 27 But they do not lie with the fallen warriors of old,[b](AP) who went down to the realm of the dead with their weapons of war—their swords placed under their heads and their shields[c] resting on their bones—though these warriors also had terrorized the land of the living.

28 “You too, Pharaoh, will be broken and will lie among the uncircumcised, with those killed by the sword.

29 “Edom(AQ) is there, her kings and all her princes; despite their power, they are laid with those killed by the sword. They lie with the uncircumcised, with those who go down to the pit.(AR)

30 “All the princes of the north(AS) and all the Sidonians(AT) are there; they went down with the slain in disgrace despite the terror caused by their power. They lie uncircumcised(AU) with those killed by the sword and bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.(AV)

31 “Pharaoh—he and all his army—will see them and he will be consoled(AW) for all his hordes that were killed by the sword, declares the Sovereign Lord. 32 Although I had him spread terror in the land of the living, Pharaoh(AX) and all his hordes will be laid among the uncircumcised, with those killed by the sword, declares the Sovereign Lord.”(AY)

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 32:9 Hebrew; Septuagint bring you into captivity among the nations, / to
  2. Ezekiel 32:27 Septuagint; Hebrew warriors who were uncircumcised
  3. Ezekiel 32:27 Probable reading of the original Hebrew text; Masoretic Text punishment
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Lexham English Bible (LEB)

2012 by Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software

Conferenza Episcopale Italiana (CEI)

by Public Domain

Christian Standard Bible (CSB)

The Christian Standard Bible. Copyright © 2017 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission. Christian Standard Bible®, and CSB® are federally registered trademarks of Holman Bible Publishers, all rights reserved.

New International Version (NIV)

Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

NIV Reverse Interlinear Bible: English to Hebrew and English to Greek. Copyright © 2019 by Zondervan.

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