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A Prophecy Against Egypt

29 In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of the month,[a] the Lord’s message came to me: “Son of man, turn toward[b] Pharaoh king of Egypt and prophesy against him and against all Egypt. Tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says:

“‘Look, I am against[c] you, Pharaoh king of Egypt,
the great monster[d] lying in the midst of its waterways,
who has said, “My Nile is my own, I made it for myself.”[e]
I will put hooks in your jaws
and stick the fish of your waterways to your scales.
I will haul you up from the midst of your waterways,
and all the fish of your waterways will stick to your scales.
I will leave you in the wilderness,
you and all the fish of your waterways;
you will fall in the open field and will not be gathered up or collected.[f]
I have given you as food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the skies.
Then all those living in Egypt will know that I am the Lord
because they were a reed staff[g] for the house of Israel;
when they grasped you with their hand,[h] you broke and tore[i] their shoulders,
and when they leaned on you, you splintered and caused their legs to be unsteady.[j]

“‘Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to bring a sword against you, and I will kill[k] every person and every animal. The land of Egypt will become a desolate ruin. Then they will know that I am the Lord.

“‘Because he said, “The Nile is mine and I made it,” 10 I am against[l] you and your waterways. I will turn the land of Egypt into an utter desolate ruin from Migdol[m] to Syene,[n] as far as the border with Ethiopia. 11 No human foot will pass through it, and no animal’s foot will pass through it; it will be uninhabited for forty years. 12 I will turn the land of Egypt into a desolation in the midst of desolate lands; for forty years her cities will lie desolate in the midst of ruined cities. I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among foreign countries.

13 “‘For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: At the end of forty years[o] I will gather Egypt from the peoples where they were scattered. 14 I will restore the fortunes of Egypt and will bring them back[p] to the land of Pathros, to the land of their origin; there they will be an insignificant kingdom. 15 It will be the most insignificant of the kingdoms; it will never again exalt itself over the nations. I will make them so small that they will not rule over the nations. 16 It will never again be Israel’s source of confidence, but a reminder of how they sinned by turning to Egypt for help.[q] Then they will know that I am the Sovereign Lord.’”

17 In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, on the first day of the month,[r] the Lord’s message came to me: 18 “Son of man, King Nebuchadrezzar[s] of Babylon made his army labor hard against Tyre.[t] Every head was rubbed bald and every shoulder rubbed bare; yet he and his army received no wages from Tyre for the work he carried out against it. 19 Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to give the land of Egypt to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot, and seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages. 20 I have given him the land of Egypt as his compensation for attacking Tyre,[u] because they did it for me, declares the Sovereign Lord. 21 On that day I will make Israel powerful,[v] and I will give you the right to be heard[w] among them. Then they will know that I am the Lord.”

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 29:1 tn January 7, 587 b.c.
  2. Ezekiel 29:2 tn Heb “set your face against.”
  3. Ezekiel 29:3 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘hinnenî ’êlékâ’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.
  4. Ezekiel 29:3 tn Heb “jackals,” but many medieval Hebrew mss read correctly “the serpent.” The Hebrew term appears to refer to a serpent in Exod 7:9-10, 12; Deut 32:33; Ps 91:13. It also refers to large creatures that inhabit the sea (Gen 1:21; Ps 148:7). In several passages it is associated with the sea or with the multiheaded sea monster Leviathan (Job 7:12; Ps 74:13; Isa 27:1; 51:9). Because of the Egyptian setting of this prophecy and the reference to the creature’s scales (v. 4), many understand a crocodile to be the referent here (e.g., NCV “a great crocodile”; TEV “you monster crocodile”; CEV “a giant crocodile”).
  5. Ezekiel 29:3 sn In Egyptian theology Pharaoh owned and controlled the Nile. See J. D. Currid, Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament, 240-44.
  6. Ezekiel 29:5 tc Some Hebrew mss, the Targum, and the LXX read “buried.”
  7. Ezekiel 29:6 sn Cf. Isa 36:6.
  8. Ezekiel 29:7 tc The Hebrew consonantal text (Kethib) implies בְכַפְּךָ (vekappeka, “by your hand”) but the marginal reading (Qere) has simply בַכַּף (vakkaf, “by the hand”). The LXX reads: “with their hand,” implying בְכַפָּם (vekappam).
  9. Ezekiel 29:7 tn Or perhaps “dislocated.”
  10. Ezekiel 29:7 tn Heb “you caused to stand for them all their hips.” An emendation that switches two letters but is supported by the LXX yields the reading: “you caused all their hips to shake.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:103. In 2 Kgs 18:21 and Isa 36:6 trusting in the Pharaoh is compared to leaning on a staff. The oracle may reflect Hophra’s attempt to aid Jerusalem (Jer 37:5-8).
  11. Ezekiel 29:8 tn Heb “I will cut off from you.”
  12. Ezekiel 29:10 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘hinnenî ’êlékâ’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.
  13. Ezekiel 29:10 sn This may refer to a site in the Egyptian Delta that served as a refuge for Jews (Jer 44:1; 46:14).
  14. Ezekiel 29:10 sn Syene is known today as Aswan.
  15. Ezekiel 29:13 sn In Ezek 4:4-8 it was said that the house of Judah would suffer forty years.
  16. Ezekiel 29:14 tc Thus the MT, which reads וַהֲשִׁבֹתִי (vahashivoti, “I will cause to return”), a Hiphil of the verb שׁוּב (shuv, “to return”). The LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate translate as though the Hebrew had the vocalization וְהֹשַׁבְתִּי (vehoshavti, “I will cause to inhabit”), a Hiphil from יָשַׁב (yashav “to dwell”).
  17. Ezekiel 29:16 tn Heb “reminding of iniquity when they turned after them.”
  18. Ezekiel 29:17 sn April 26, 571 b.c.
  19. Ezekiel 29:18 tn Heb “Nebuchadrezzar” is a variant and more exact spelling of Nebuchadnezzar, as the Babylonian name Nabu-kudurri-uṣur has an “r” rather than an “n” (so also in v. 19).
  20. Ezekiel 29:18 sn Nebuchadnezzar besieged Tyre from 585 to 571 b.c.
  21. Ezekiel 29:20 tn Heb “for which he worked,” referring to the assault on Tyre (v. 18).
  22. Ezekiel 29:21 tn Heb “I will cause a horn to sprout for the house of Israel.” The horn is used as a figure for military power in the OT (Ps 92:10). A similar expression is made about the Davidic dynasty in Ps 132:17.
  23. Ezekiel 29:21 tn Heb “I will grant you an open mouth.”

Gods woorden tegen Egypte

29 In het tiende jaar dat we als gevangenen in Babylonië woonden, zei de Heer op de twaalfde dag van de tiende maand tegen mij: "Mensenzoon, ga met je gezicht in de richting van Egypte staan. Profeteer tegen de farao en heel Egypte. Zeg: Dit zegt de Heer: Pas maar op, farao, koning van Egypte! U machtig monster dat tussen de rivierarmen ligt! U beweert: 'De rivier is van mij en ik heb hem zelf gemaakt.' Maar Ik zal een haak in uw kaken slaan. De vissen in de rivier zullen sterven en aan uw schubben vastkleven. Dan zal Ik u aan die haak optrekken uit de rivier, samen met alle vissen, want zij kleven vast aan uw schubben. Dan zal Ik u met al die vissen neergooien in de woestijn. Daar zult u blijven liggen. Niemand zal u begraven. De wilde dieren en de vogels zullen u opeten. En de bewoners van Egypte zullen beseffen dat Ik de Heer ben.

Israël verwachtte steun van u, maar werd door u bedrogen. Want u bent als een rieten wandelstok: als iemand daarop leunt, breekt hij en gaat dwars door zijn hand. En hij die er op leunde, valt. Israël kreeg geen enkele hulp van u en moest zichzelf zien te redden.[a] Daarom zal Ik u straffen. Ik zal in heel Egypte alle mensen en dieren doden door het zwaard. Het hele land zal veranderen in een wildernis, een woestijn. Zo zult u beseffen dat Ik de Heer ben. Omdat u beweert dat de rivier van u is en dat u die zelf gemaakt heeft, zal Ik u straffen. 10 Ik zal u, uw rivier, ja, heel Egypte veranderen in een dorre woestijn, vanaf Migdol in het noorden tot aan Syëne aan de grens met Ethiopië in het zuiden. 11 Er zal geen mens meer komen. Er zal zelfs geen dier meer rondlopen. Het land zal 40 jaar lang onbewoond blijven. 12 Ik zal Egypte volkomen verwoesten. Het zal 40 jaar lang verwoest liggen. En de Egyptenaren zal Ik wegjagen naar andere landen.

13 De Heer zegt: Na die 40 jaar zal Ik de Egyptenaren weer verzamelen uit de landen waarheen ze waren verjaagd. 14 Ik zal een einde maken aan hun gevangenschap. Ik zal hen laten teruggaan naar Patros (= Zuid-Egypte), het land waar ze oorspronkelijk vandaan kwamen. Daar zullen ze weer een koninkrijk worden, maar zonder enige macht. 15 Het zal minder macht hebben dan alle andere landen. Ik zal het zó machteloos maken, dat het nooit meer over andere volken zal heersen. 16 Dan zal Israël niet meer aan Egypte om hulp vragen. Israël zal niet opnieuw de fout maken op Egypte te vertrouwen in plaats van op Mij. Israël zal beseffen dat Ik de Heer ben."

Koning Nebukadnezar van Babel zal Egypte veroveren

17 In het 27e jaar dat we als gevangenen in Babylonië woonden, zei de Heer op de eerste dag van de eerste maand tegen mij: 18 "Mensenzoon, koning Nebukadnezar van Babel heeft een zware oorlog gevoerd tegen Tyrus. Zijn soldaten hebben zó hard gewerkt, dat hun hoofden kaal zijn geworden van hun helm en hun schouders ontveld zijn van hun pantser. Maar die oorlog heeft hem geen buit opgeleverd.[b] 19 Daarom, zegt de Heer, zal Ik hem Egypte geven.[c] Hij mag uit Egypte alle rijkdommen meenemen. Hij mag het helemaal plunderen. Dat zal het loon zijn voor hem en zijn leger. 20 Ik zal hem en zijn leger Egypte geven als beloning voor wat ze hebben gedaan, want ze hebben voor Mij gewerkt. 21 Daarna zal Ik het volk Israël nieuwe kracht geven. En jij, Ezechiël, zal tot hen mijn woorden spreken. Ze zullen beseffen dat Ik de Heer ben."

Footnotes

  1. Ezechiël 29:7 De koning van Egypte deed wel een eerste poging om Jeruzalem te redden, maar toen Babylonië Jeruzalem voor een tweede keer aanviel, liet Egypte Jeruzalem aan zijn lot over. Jeruzalem viel in handen van de koning van Babel. Lees Jeremia 37:5-11 en Jeremia 39:1-8.
  2. Ezechiël 29:18 Koning Nebukadnezar wist na een belegering van 13 jaar eindelijk de stad Tyrus te veroveren, maar alle rijkdommen van de stad waren toen al door de bevolking in veiligheid gebracht. Al zijn moeite had hem niets opgeleverd.
  3. Ezechiël 29:19 In ongeveer 572 vóór het jaar nul viel koning Nebukadnezar Egypte aan. Een groot aantal Egyptenaren nam hij gevangen mee naar Babel. Een ander deel vluchtte weg naar andere landen.

Prophecy Against Egypt

29 It was the tenth year, in the tenth month of our captivity. It was on the twelfth day of the month. The Lord spoke his word to me. He said: “Human being, look toward the king of Egypt. And prophesy against him and all Egypt. Say: ‘This is what the Lord God says:

I am against you, king of Egypt.
    You are like a great crocodile that lies in the Nile River.
You say, “The Nile is mine.
    I made it for myself.”
But I will put hooks in your jaws.
    I will make the fish of the Nile stick to your sides.
I will pull you up out of your rivers,
    with all the fish sticking to your sides.
I will leave you in the desert.
    I will leave you and all the fish from your rivers.
You will fall on the open field.
    You will not be picked up or buried.
I have given you to the wild animals.
    And I have given you to the birds of the sky for food.

Then all the people who live in Egypt will know that I am the Lord.

“‘Israel tried to lean on you for help. But you were like a crutch made out of a weak stalk of grass. When their hands grabbed you, you splintered and tore open their shoulders. When they leaned on you, you broke and made all their backs twist.

“‘So this is what the Lord God says: I will cause an enemy to attack you. He will kill your men and animals. Then Egypt will become an empty desert. They will know that I am the Lord.

“‘This is because you said, “The Nile River is mine. And I have made it.” 10 So, I am against you. I am against your rivers. I will destroy the land of Egypt. It will be empty desert from Migdol in the north to Aswan in the south. It will be empty all the way to the southern border of Cush. 11 No man or animal will walk through it. No one will live in Egypt for 40 years. 12 I will make the land of Egypt the emptiest country of all. And her cities will be the emptiest of all ruined cities for 40 years. And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations. And I will spread them among the countries.

13 “‘This is what the Lord God says: After 40 years I will gather Egypt from the nations where they have been scattered. 14 I will bring back the Egyptian captives. I will make the Egyptians return to southern Egypt. They will return to the land that they came from. They will become a weak kingdom there. 15 It will be the weakest kingdom. It will never again rule other nations. I will make it so weak it will never again rule over the nations. 16 The Israelites will never again depend on Egypt. Egypt’s punishment will remind the Israelites of their sin. They turned to Egypt for help and not to God. Then they will know that I am the Lord God.’”

Egypt Is Given to Babylon

17 It was the twenty-seventh year of our captivity, in the first month. It was on the first day of the month. The Lord spoke his word to me. He said: 18 “Human being, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon made his army fight hard against Tyre. Every soldier’s head was rubbed bare. Every shoulder was rubbed raw. But Nebuchadnezzar and his army gained nothing from fighting Tyre. 19 So this is what the Lord God says: I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. And Nebuchadnezzar will take away Egypt’s people. He will take Egypt’s wealth and its valuable things as pay for his army. 20 I have given Nebuchadnezzar the land of Egypt. It is a reward for working hard to defeat Egypt for me. That is what the Lord God says.

21 “On that day I will make Israel grow strong again. I will let you, Ezekiel, speak to them. Then they will know that I am the Lord God.”

A Prophecy Against Egypt

Judgment on Pharaoh

29 In the tenth year, in the tenth month on the twelfth day, the word of the Lord came to me:(A) “Son of man, set your face against(B) Pharaoh king of Egypt(C) and prophesy against him and against all Egypt.(D) Speak to him and say: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says:

“‘I am against you, Pharaoh(E) king of Egypt,
    you great monster(F) lying among your streams.
You say, “The Nile(G) belongs to me;
    I made it for myself.”
But I will put hooks(H) in your jaws
    and make the fish of your streams stick to your scales.
I will pull you out from among your streams,
    with all the fish sticking to your scales.(I)
I will leave you in the desert,
    you and all the fish of your streams.
You will fall on the open field
    and not be gathered(J) or picked up.
I will give you as food
    to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the sky.(K)

Then all who live in Egypt will know that I am the Lord.

“‘You have been a staff of reed(L) for the people of Israel. When they grasped you with their hands, you splintered(M) and you tore open their shoulders; when they leaned on you, you broke and their backs were wrenched.[a](N)

“‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will bring a sword against you and kill both man and beast.(O) Egypt will become a desolate wasteland. Then they will know that I am the Lord.

“‘Because you said, “The Nile(P) is mine; I made it,(Q) 10 therefore I am against you(R) and against your streams, and I will make the land of Egypt(S) a ruin and a desolate waste(T) from Migdol(U) to Aswan,(V) as far as the border of Cush.[b](W) 11 The foot of neither man nor beast will pass through it; no one will live there for forty years.(X) 12 I will make the land of Egypt desolate(Y) among devastated lands, and her cities will lie desolate forty years among ruined cities. And I will disperse the Egyptians among the nations and scatter them through the countries.(Z)

13 “‘Yet this is what the Sovereign Lord says: At the end of forty years I will gather the Egyptians from the nations where they were scattered. 14 I will bring them back from captivity and return them to Upper Egypt,(AA) the land of their ancestry. There they will be a lowly(AB) kingdom.(AC) 15 It will be the lowliest of kingdoms and will never again exalt itself above the other nations.(AD) I will make it so weak that it will never again rule over the nations. 16 Egypt will no longer be a source of confidence(AE) for the people of Israel but will be a reminder(AF) of their sin in turning to her for help.(AG) Then they will know that I am the Sovereign Lord.(AH)’”

Nebuchadnezzar’s Reward

17 In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month on the first day, the word of the Lord came to me:(AI) 18 “Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar(AJ) king of Babylon drove his army in a hard campaign against Tyre; every head was rubbed bare(AK) and every shoulder made raw.(AL) Yet he and his army got no reward from the campaign he led against Tyre. 19 Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I am going to give Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king(AM) of Babylon, and he will carry off its wealth. He will loot and plunder(AN) the land as pay for his army.(AO) 20 I have given him Egypt(AP) as a reward for his efforts because he and his army did it for me, declares the Sovereign Lord.(AQ)

21 “On that day I will make a horn[c](AR) grow for the Israelites, and I will open your mouth(AS) among them. Then they will know that I am the Lord.(AT)

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 29:7 Syriac (see also Septuagint and Vulgate); Hebrew and you caused their backs to stand
  2. Ezekiel 29:10 That is, the upper Nile region
  3. Ezekiel 29:21 Horn here symbolizes strength.