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14 “But suppose he in turn has a son who notices all the sins his father commits, considers them, and does not follow his father’s example.[a] 15 He does not eat pagan sacrifices on the mountains, does not pray to the idols of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor’s wife, 16 does not oppress anyone or keep what has been given in pledge, does not commit robbery, gives his food to the hungry and clothes the naked, 17 refrains from wrongdoing,[b] does not engage in usury or charge interest, carries out my regulations, and follows my statutes. He will not die for his father’s iniquity;[c] he will surely live. 18 As for his father, because he practices extortion, robs his brother, and does what is not good among his people, he will die for his iniquity.

19 “Yet you say, ‘Why should the son not suffer[d] for his father’s iniquity?’ When the son does what is just and right, and observes all my statutes and carries them out, he will surely live. 20 The person who sins is the one who will die. A son will not suffer[e] for his father’s iniquity, and a father will not suffer[f] for his son’s iniquity; the righteous person will be judged according to his righteousness, and the wicked person according to his wickedness.[g]

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Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 18:14 tn Heb “and he sees and does not do likewise.”
  2. Ezekiel 18:17 tc This translation follows the LXX. The MT reads: “restrains his hand from the poor,” which makes no sense here.
  3. Ezekiel 18:17 tn Or “in his father’s punishment.” The phrase “in/for [a person’s] iniquity/punishment” occurs fourteen times in Ezekiel: here and in vv. 18, 19, 20; 3:18, 19; 4:17; 7:13, 16; 24:23; 33:6, 8, 9; 39:23. The Hebrew word for “iniquity” may also mean the “punishment for iniquity.”
  4. Ezekiel 18:19 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  5. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  6. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  7. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “the righteousness of the righteous one will be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked one will be upon him.”

14 “And look! He has a son, and he sees all of the sin of his father that he did, and he sees it, but he does not do it. 15 On the mountains he does not eat, and he does not lift up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, and the wife of his neighbor he does not defile. 16 And he oppresses no one; he requires no pledge for a loan, and he does not commit robbery;[a] he gives his bread to the hungry, and he covers the naked person with a garment. 17 He brings back[b] his hand from iniquity;[c] he does not take interest and usury; he does my regulations; he goes[d] in my statutes. He will not die because of the guilt of his father; he will surely live! 18 Because his father oppressed severely;[e] he stole from his brother;[f] that which is not good he did in the midst of his people, and look! He will die through[g] his guilt.

19 “Yet[h] you say, ‘Why does the son not bear the guilt of the father?’ And since the son does justice and righteousness and he keeps all of my statutes and does them, he shall surely live! 20 The person,[i] the one sinning, will die. A son shall not bear the guilt of the father, and a father shall not bear the guilt of the son. The righteousness of the righteous shall be on him; the wickedness of the wicked[j] shall be on him.

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Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 18:16 Literally “robbed things not does he seize”
  2. Ezekiel 18:17 Or “holds back”
  3. Ezekiel 18:17 Cf. verse 8
  4. Ezekiel 18:17 Or “walks”
  5. Ezekiel 18:18 Literally “he oppressed oppression”
  6. Ezekiel 18:18 Literally “he seized robbed things of a brother”
  7. Ezekiel 18:18 Or “in”
  8. Ezekiel 18:19 Or “And”
  9. Ezekiel 18:20 Or “soul,” or “life”
  10. Ezekiel 18:20 According to the reading tradition (Qere)