Add parallel Print Page Options

A Prophecy Against Gog

38 The Lord’s message came to me: “Son of man, turn toward[a] Gog,[b] of the land of Magog,[c] the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal.[d] Prophesy against him and say: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am against you,[e] Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. I will turn you around, put hooks into your jaws, and bring you out with all your army, horses, and horsemen, all of them fully armed, a great company with shields of different types,[f] all of them armed with swords. Persia,[g] Ethiopia, and Put[h] are with them, all of them with shields and helmets. They are joined by[i] Gomer with all its troops, and by Beth Togarmah from the remote parts of the north with all its troops—many peoples are with you.[j]

“‘Be ready and stay ready, you and all your companies assembled around you, and be a guard for them.[k] After many days you will be summoned; in the latter years you will come to a land restored from the ravages of war,[l] from many peoples gathered on the mountains of Israel that had long been in ruins. Its people[m] were brought out from the peoples, and all of them will be living securely. You will advance;[n] you will come like a storm. You will be like a cloud covering the earth, you, all your troops, and the many other peoples with you.

10 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: On that day thoughts will come into your mind,[o] and you will devise an evil plan. 11 You will say, “I will invade[p] a land of unwalled towns; I will advance against[q] those living quietly in security—all of them living without walls and barred gates— 12 to loot and plunder, to attack[r] the inhabited ruins and the people gathered from the nations, who are acquiring cattle and goods, who live at the center[s] of the earth.” 13 Sheba and Dedan and the traders of Tarshish with all its young warriors[t] will say to you, “Have you come to loot? Have you assembled your armies to plunder, to carry away silver and gold, to take away cattle and goods, to haul away a great amount of spoils?”’

14 “Therefore, prophesy, son of man, and say to Gog: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: On that day when my people Israel are living securely, you will take notice[u] 15 and come from your place, from the remote parts of the north, you and many peoples with you, all of them riding on horses, a great company and a vast army. 16 You will advance[v] against my people Israel like a cloud covering the earth. In future days I will bring you against my land so that the nations may acknowledge me, when before their eyes I magnify myself[w] through you, O Gog.

17 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Are you the one of whom I spoke in former days by my servants[x] the prophets of Israel, who prophesied in those days[y] that I would bring you against them? 18 On that day, when Gog invades[z] the land of Israel, declares the Sovereign Lord, my rage will mount up in my anger. 19 In my zeal, in the fire of my fury,[aa] I declare that on that day there will be a great earthquake[ab] in the land of Israel. 20 The fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, the wild beasts, all the things that creep on the ground, and all people who live on the face of the earth will shake[ac] at my presence. The mountains will topple, the cliffs[ad] will fall, and every wall will fall to the ground. 21 I will call for a sword to attack[ae] Gog[af] on all my mountains, declares the Sovereign Lord; every man’s sword will be against his brother. 22 I will judge him with plague and bloodshed. I will rain down on him, his troops, and the many peoples who are with him a torrential downpour, hailstones, fire, and brimstone. 23 I will exalt and magnify myself; I will reveal myself before many nations. Then they will know that I am the Lord.’

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 38:2 tn Heb “set your face against.”
  2. Ezekiel 38:2 sn This may refer to a Lydian king in western Asia Minor in the seventh century b.c. Apart from Ezek 38-39, the only other biblical reference to this king/nation is in Rev 20:8. For a study of the names appearing in this verse, see E. Yamauchi, Foes From the Northern Frontier, 19-27.
  3. Ezekiel 38:2 sn One of the sons of Japheth according to Gen 10:2 and 1 Chr 1:5.
  4. Ezekiel 38:2 tn Heb “the prince, the chief of Meshech and Tubal.” Some translate “the prince of Rosh, Meshech and Tubal,” but it is more likely that the Hebrew noun in question is a common noun in apposition to “prince,” rather than a proper name. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:434-35. As Block demonstrates, attempts by some popular writers to identify these proper names with later geographical sites in Russia are anachronistic. See as well E. Yamauchi, Foes From the Northern Frontier, 19-27. sn Meshech and Tubal were two nations in Cappadocia of Asia Minor. They were also sons of Japheth (Gen 10:2; 1 Chr 1:5).
  5. Ezekiel 38:3 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘hinnenî ’êlékâ’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.
  6. Ezekiel 38:4 sn The Hebrew text mentions two different types of shields here.
  7. Ezekiel 38:5 tn D. I. Block prefers to see the Hebrew word as referring here to a western ally of Egypt or as an alternative spelling for Pathros, that is, Upper Egypt. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:439-40.
  8. Ezekiel 38:5 sn That is, Lybia.
  9. Ezekiel 38:6 tn The words “they are joined by” are added in the translation for purposes of English style.
  10. Ezekiel 38:6 sn The seven-nation coalition represents the north (Meshech, Tubal, Gomer, Beth Togarmah), the south/west (Ethiopia, Put) and the east (Persia). The use of the sevenfold list suggests completeness. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:441.
  11. Ezekiel 38:7 tn The second person singular verbal and pronominal forms in the Hebrew text indicate that Gog is addressed here.
  12. Ezekiel 38:8 tn Heb “from the sword.”
  13. Ezekiel 38:8 tn Heb “it.”
  14. Ezekiel 38:9 tn Heb “go up.”
  15. Ezekiel 38:10 tn Heb “words will go up upon your heart.”
  16. Ezekiel 38:11 tn Heb “go up against.”
  17. Ezekiel 38:11 tn Heb “come (to).”
  18. Ezekiel 38:12 tn Heb “to turn your hand against.”
  19. Ezekiel 38:12 tn The Hebrew term occurs elsewhere only in Judg 9:37. Perhaps it means “high point, top.”
  20. Ezekiel 38:13 tn Heb “young lions.”
  21. Ezekiel 38:14 tn The Hebrew text is framed as a rhetorical question: “will you not take notice?”
  22. Ezekiel 38:16 tn Heb “come up.”
  23. Ezekiel 38:16 tn Or “reveal my holiness.”
  24. Ezekiel 38:17 tn Heb “by the hand of my servants.”
  25. Ezekiel 38:17 tn The Hebrew text adds “years” here, but this is probably a scribal gloss on the preceding phrase. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:201.
  26. Ezekiel 38:18 tn Heb “goes up against.”
  27. Ezekiel 38:19 sn The phrase “in the fire of my fury” occurs in Ezek 21:31 and 22:21, 31.
  28. Ezekiel 38:19 tn Or “shaking.”
  29. Ezekiel 38:20 tn Or “tremble.”
  30. Ezekiel 38:20 tn The term occurs only here and in Song of Songs 2:14.
  31. Ezekiel 38:21 tn Heb “against.”
  32. Ezekiel 38:21 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Gog, cf. v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

The Prophecy against Gog

38 This message from the Lord came to me: “Son of Man, turn your attention toward Gog,[a] from the land of Magog,[b] leader of the head[c] of Meshech,[d] and of Tubal.[e] Prophesy this against him: ‘This is what the Lord God says: “Watch out! I’m coming after you, Gog, leader of the head[f] of Meshech,[g] and of Tubal.[h] I’m going to turn you around, put hooks into your jaws, and bring you out—you and your whole army—along with your horses and cavalry riders, all of them richly attired, a magnificent company replete with buckler and shield, and all of them wielding battle swords. Persia,[i] Cush,[j] and Libya[k] will be accompanying them, all of them equipped with shields and helmets. Gomer[l] with all its troops, and the household of Togarmah[m] from the remotest parts of the north with all its troops—many people will accompany you. Be prepared. Yes, prepare yourself—you and all of your many battalions that have gathered together around you to protect you.

“‘“Many days from now—in the latter years—you will be summoned to a land that has been restored from violence.[n] You will be gathered from many nations to the mountains of Israel, which formerly had been a continuous waste, but which will be populated with people who have been brought back from the nations. All of them will be living there securely. You’ll arise suddenly, like a tornado, coming like a windstorm[o] to cover the land, you and all your soldiers with you, along with many nations.”’”

The Invasion Strategy

10 “This is what the Lord God says: ‘This is what’s going to happen on the very day that you begin your invasion: You’ll be thinking,[p] making evil plans, 11 and boasting, “I’m going to invade a land comprised of open country[q] that is at rest, its people[r] living confidently, all of whose inhabitants will be living securely, with neither fortification nor bars on their doors. 12 I’m going to confiscate anything I can put my hands on. I’ll attack the restored ruins and the people who have been gathered together from the nations, who are acquiring livestock and other goods, and who live at the center of the world’s attention.”[s] 13 ‘Businessmen based in Sheba,[t] Dedan,[u] Tarshish,[v] and all of its growling lions will ask you, “Are you coming for war spoils? Have you assembled your armies to carry off silver and gold, and to gather lots of war booty?”’”

God’s Rebuke to Gog

14 “Therefore, Son of Man, prophesy to Gog and tell him, ‘This is what the Lord God says: “When the day comes when my people are living securely, won’t you be aware of it? 15 You’ll come in from your home[w] in the remotest parts of the north. You’ll come with many nations, all of them riding along on horses. You’ll be a huge, combined army. 16 You’ll come up to invade my people Israel like a storm cloud to cover the land. In the last days, Gog, I’ll bring you up to invade my land so that the world will learn to know me when I show them how holy I am before their very eyes.”’”

A Prediction for the Distant Future

17 “This is what the Lord God says: ‘Surely you’re the one about whom I spoke years ago in the writings[x] of my servants, Israel’s prophets, aren’t you? They predicted back then that I would bring you up after many years, didn’t they? 18 So it will be that on that day, when Gog[y] invades the land of Israel,’ declares the Lord God, ‘my zeal will ignite my anger. 19 Because of my zeal and burning anger, at that time[z] there will be a massive earthquake throughout the land of Israel. 20 I’m going to shake the fish in the sea, the birds in the sky, the wild beasts, all the creatures that crawl on the earth, and every single human being who lives on the surface of the earth. Mountains will collapse, as will their mountain passages, and every wall will fall to the ground. 21 Then I’ll call for war against Gog[aa] on top of every mountain,’ declares the Lord God, ‘and every weapon of war will be turned against their fellow soldier. 22 I’ll judge them with disease and bloodshed. I’ll shower him, his soldiers, and the vast army that accompanies him with a torrential flood, hailstones, fire, and sulfur. 23 I will exalt myself and demonstrate my holiness, making myself known to many people, who will learn that I am the Lord.’”

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 38:2 I.e. a mountain tribe north of Assyria, and so through chapter 39
  2. Ezekiel 38:2 I.e. a son of Noah’s son Japheth; the area includes what is now modern eastern Turkey
  3. Ezekiel 38:2 Or of Rosh,
  4. Ezekiel 38:2 I.e. a son of Noah’s son Japheth; this people resided in what is now modern Armenia
  5. Ezekiel 38:2 I.e. a son of Noah’s son Japheth; the area includes what is now modern eastern Turkey
  6. Ezekiel 38:3 Or of Rosh,
  7. Ezekiel 38:3 I.e. a son of Noah’s son Japheth; this people resided in what is now modern Armenia
  8. Ezekiel 38:3 I.e. a son of Noah’s son Japheth; this people resided in what is now modern eastern Turkey
  9. Ezekiel 38:5 I.e. the area includes what is now modern Iran
  10. Ezekiel 38:5 I.e. this area includes what is now modern Ethiopia and Somalia
  11. Ezekiel 38:5 Lit. Put; the Heb. name means bow
  12. Ezekiel 38:6 I.e. a son of Noah’s son Jepheth; the area encompasses what is now modern Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
  13. Ezekiel 38:6 I.e. named after Gomer, the region encompasses what is now Armenia
  14. Ezekiel 38:8 Lit. from the sword
  15. Ezekiel 38:9 Or cloud
  16. Ezekiel 38:10 Lit. thinking in your heart
  17. Ezekiel 38:11 I.e. territory characterized by a lack of military fortifications
  18. Ezekiel 38:11 The Heb. lacks its people
  19. Ezekiel 38:12 The Heb. lacks ‘s attention
  20. Ezekiel 38:13 I.e. what is now southwest Saudi Arabia
  21. Ezekiel 38:13 I.e. what is now southern Saudi Arabia
  22. Ezekiel 38:13 I.e. a city accessible from the Red Sea to which ships based on the Elanitic Gulf could sail
  23. Ezekiel 38:15 Lit. place
  24. Ezekiel 38:17 Lit. ago by the hand
  25. Ezekiel 38:18 I.e. a mountain tribe north of Assyria
  26. Ezekiel 38:19 Lit. day
  27. Ezekiel 38:21 I.e. a mountain tribe north of Assyria