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Ezekiel 22
New English Translation

The Sins of Jerusalem

22 The Lord’s message came to me: 2 “As for you, son of man, are you willing to pronounce judgment?[a] Are you willing to pronounce judgment on the bloody city?[b] Then confront her with all her abominable deeds! 3 Then say, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: O city, who spills blood within herself (which brings on her doom),[c] and who makes herself idols (which results in impurity), 4 you are guilty because of the blood you shed and defiled by the idols you made. You have hastened the day of your doom;[d] the end of your years has come.[e] Therefore I will make[f] you an object of scorn to the nations, an object to be mocked by all lands. 5 Those both near and far from you will mock you, you with your bad reputation,[g] full of turmoil.

6 “‘See how each of the princes of Israel living within you has used his authority to shed blood.[h] 7 They have treated father and mother with contempt[i] within you; they have oppressed the resident foreigner among you; they have wronged the orphan and the widow[j] within you. 8 You have despised my holy things and desecrated my Sabbaths! 9 Slanderous men shed blood within you.[k] Those who live within you eat pagan sacrifices on the mountains;[l] they commit obscene acts among you.[m] 10 They have sexual relations with their father’s wife within you;[n] they violate women during their menstrual period within you.[o] 11 One[p] commits an abominable act with his neighbor’s wife; another obscenely defiles his daughter-in-law; another violates[q] his sister—his father’s daughter[r]—within you. 12 They take bribes within you to shed blood. You engage in usury and charge interest;[s] you extort money from your neighbors. You have forgotten me,[t] declares the Sovereign Lord.[u]

13 “‘See, I strike my hands together[v] at the dishonest profit you have made, and at the bloodshed[w] they have done among you. 14 Can your heart endure,[x] or can your hands be strong when I deal with you?[y] I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will do it! 15 I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you among various countries; I will remove your impurity from you.[z] 16 You will be profaned within yourself[aa] in the sight of the nations; then you will know that I am the Lord.’”

17 The Lord’s message came to me: 18 “Son of man, the house of Israel has become slag to me. All of them are like bronze, tin, iron, and lead in the furnace;[ab] they are the worthless slag of silver. 19 Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: ‘Because all of you[ac] have become slag, look out! I am about to gather you in the middle of Jerusalem. 20 As silver, bronze, iron, lead, and tin are gathered in a furnace so that the fire can blow on them to melt them, so I will gather you in my anger and in my rage. I will deposit you there[ad] and melt you. 21 I will gather you and blow on you with the fire of my fury, and you will be melted in it. 22 As silver is melted in a furnace, so you will be melted in it, and you will know that I, the Lord, have poured out my anger on you.’”

23 The Lord’s message came to me: 24 “Son of man, say to her: ‘You are a land that receives no rain[ae] or showers in the day of my anger.’[af] 25 Her princes[ag] within her are like a roaring lion tearing its prey; they have devoured lives. They take away riches and valuable things; they have made many women widows[ah] within it. 26 Her priests abuse my law and have desecrated my holy things. They do not distinguish between the holy and the profane,[ai] or recognize any distinction between the unclean and the clean. They ignore[aj] my Sabbaths, and I am profaned in their midst. 27 Her officials are like wolves in her midst rending their prey—shedding blood and destroying lives—so they can get dishonest profit. 28 Her prophets coat their messages with whitewash.[ak] They see false visions and announce lying omens for them, saying, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says,’ when the Lord has not spoken. 29 The people of the land have practiced extortion and committed robbery. They have wronged the poor and needy; they have oppressed the resident foreigner and denied them justice.[al]

30 “I looked for a man from among them who would repair the wall and stand in the gap before me on behalf of the land, so that I would not destroy it, but I found no one.[am] 31 So I have poured my anger on them and destroyed them with the fire of my fury. I hereby repay them for what they have done,[an] declares the Sovereign Lord.”

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 22:2 tn Heb “will you judge.” Here the imperfect form of the verb is probably used with a desiderative nuance. Addressed to the prophet, “judge” means to warn of or pronounce God’s impending judgment upon the city. See 20:4.
  2. Ezekiel 22:2 tn The phrase “bloody city” is used of Nineveh in Nah 3:1.
  3. Ezekiel 22:3 tn Heb “her time”; this refers to the time of impending judgment (see the note on “doom” in v. 4).
  4. Ezekiel 22:4 tn Heb “you have brought near your days.” The expression “bring near your days” appears to be an adaptation of the idiom “days draw near,” which is used to indicate that an event, such as death, is imminent (see Gen 27:41; 47:29; Deut 31:14; 1 Kgs 2:1; Ezek 12:23). Here “your days” probably refer to the days of the personified city’s life, which was about to come to an end through God’s judgment.
  5. Ezekiel 22:4 tn Heb “and you have come to your years.” This appears to mean that she has arrived at the time when her years (i.e., life) would end, though it may mean that her years of punishment will begin. Because “day” and “time” are so closely associated in the immediate context (see 21:25, 29), some prefer to emend the text and read: “you have brought near your time.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:31, as well as the translator’s note on verse 3.
  6. Ezekiel 22:4 tn The Hebrew verb is a prophetic perfect, emphasizing that the action is as good as done from the speaker’s perspective.
  7. Ezekiel 22:5 tn Heb “unclean of name.”
  8. Ezekiel 22:6 tn Heb “Look! The princes of Israel, each according to his arm, were in you in order to shed blood.”
  9. Ezekiel 22:7 tn Heb “treated lightly, cursed.”
  10. Ezekiel 22:7 tn Widows and orphans are often coupled together in the OT (Deut 14:29; 16:11, 14; 24:19-21; 26:12-13; Jer 7:6; 22:3). They represented all who were poor and vulnerable to economic exploitation.
  11. Ezekiel 22:9 tn Heb “men of slander are in you in order to shed blood.”
  12. Ezekiel 22:9 tn Heb “and on the mountains they eat within you.” The mountains mentioned here were the site of pagan sacrifices. See 18:6.
  13. Ezekiel 22:9 sn This statement introduces vv. 10-11 and refers in general terms to the sexual sins described there. For the legal background of vv. 10-11, see Lev 18:7-20; 20:10-21; Deut 22:22-23, 30; 27:22.
  14. Ezekiel 22:10 tn Heb “The nakedness of a father one uncovers within you.” The ancient versions read the verb as plural (“they uncover”). If the singular is retained, it must be taken as indefinite and representative of the entire group. The idiomatic expression “uncover the nakedness” refers here to sexual intercourse (cf. Lev 18:6). To uncover a father’s nakedness could include sexual relations with one’s own mother (Lev 18:7), but more likely it refers to having intercourse with another wife of one’s father, such as a stepmother (Lev 18:8; cf. Gen 35:22; 49:4).
  15. Ezekiel 22:10 tn Heb “(one who is) unclean due to the impurity they humble within you.” The use of the verb “to humble” suggests that these men forced themselves upon women during menstruation. Having sexual relations with a woman during her period was forbidden by the Law (Lev 18:19; 20:18).
  16. Ezekiel 22:11 tn Heb “a man.”
  17. Ezekiel 22:11 tn The verb is the same one used in verse 10b and suggests forcible sexual violation of the woman.
  18. Ezekiel 22:11 sn Sexual relations with one’s half-sister may be primarily in view here. See Lev 18:9 and 20:17.
  19. Ezekiel 22:12 tn Heb “usury and interest you take.” See 18:13, 17. This kind of economic exploitation violated the law given in Lev 25:36.
  20. Ezekiel 22:12 sn Forgetting the Lord is also addressed in Deut 6:12; 8:11, 14; Jer 3:21; 13:25; Ezek 23:35; Hos 2:15; 8:14; 13:6.
  21. Ezekiel 22:12 tn The second person verb forms are feminine singular in Hebrew, indicating that the personified city is addressed here as representing its citizens.
  22. Ezekiel 22:13 sn This gesture apparently expresses mourning and/or anger (see 6:11; 21:14, 17).
  23. Ezekiel 22:13 tn Heb “the blood that was in you.”
  24. Ezekiel 22:14 tn Heb “stand.” The heart here stands for the emotions; Jerusalem would panic in the face of God’s judgment.
  25. Ezekiel 22:14 tn Heb “in the days when I act against you.”
  26. Ezekiel 22:15 sn The ultimate purpose of divine judgment is to purify the covenant community of its sins.
  27. Ezekiel 22:16 tc Several ancient versions read the verb as first person, in which case the Lord refers to how his people’s sin brings disgrace upon him. For a defense of the Hebrew text, see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:712, n. 68, and M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:457-58. tn The phrase “within yourself” is the same as the several previous occurrences of “within you” but adjusted to fit this clause, which is the culmination of the series of indictments.
  28. Ezekiel 22:18 tn For similar imagery, see Isa 1:21-26 and Jer 6:27-30.
  29. Ezekiel 22:19 tn The Hebrew second person pronoun is masculine plural here and in vv. 19b-21, indicating that the people are being addressed.
  30. Ezekiel 22:20 tn Heb “I will put.” No object is supplied in the Hebrew, prompting many to emend the text to “I will blow.” See BHS and verse 21.
  31. Ezekiel 22:24 tc The MT reads: “that is not cleansed”; the LXX reads: “that is not drenched,” which assumes a different vowel pointing as well as the loss of a מ (mem) due to haplography. In light of the following reference to showers, the reading of the LXX certainly fits the context well. For a defense of the emendation, see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:32. Yet the MT is not an unreasonable reading since uncleanness in the land also fits the context. A poetic connection between rain and the land being uncleansed may be feasible since washing with water is elsewhere associated with cleansing (Num 8:7; 31:23; Ps 51:7).
  32. Ezekiel 22:24 tn Heb “in a day of anger.”
  33. Ezekiel 22:25 tn Heb “a conspiracy of her prophets is in her midst.” The LXX reads “whose princes” rather than “a conspiracy of prophets.” The prophets are mentioned later in the paragraph (v. 28). If one follows the LXX in verse 25, then five distinct groups are mentioned in vv. 25-29: princes, priests, officials, prophets, and the people of the land. For a defense of the Septuagintal reading, see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:32, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:720, n. 4.
  34. Ezekiel 22:25 tn Heb “her widows they have multiplied.” The statement alludes to their murderous acts.
  35. Ezekiel 22:26 tn Or “between the consecrated and the common.”
  36. Ezekiel 22:26 tn Heb “hide their eyes from.” The idiom means to disregard or ignore something or someone (see Lev 20:4; 1 Sam 12:3; Prov 28:27; Isa 1:15).
  37. Ezekiel 22:28 tn Heb “Her prophets coat for themselves with whitewash.” The expression may be based on Ezek 13:10-15.
  38. Ezekiel 22:29 tn Heb “and the resident foreigner they have oppressed without justice.”
  39. Ezekiel 22:30 tn Heb “I did not find.”
  40. Ezekiel 22:31 tn Heb “their way on their head I have placed.”
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Ezekiel 22
Expanded Bible

The Sins of Jerusalem

22 The ·Lord spoke his word [L word of the Lord came] to me, saying: 2 “And you, ·human [T son of man; 2:1], will you judge? Will you judge the city of ·murderers [bloodshed; C Jerusalem]? Then tell her about all her ·hateful [detestable; abominable] acts. 3 You are to say: ‘This is what the Lord God says: You are a city that ·kills those who come to live there [L sheds blood in her midst]. You ·make yourself unclean [defile yourself; C ritually] by making idols. 4 You have become guilty of ·murder [bloodshed] and have become ·unclean [defiled] by your idols which you have made. So you have brought your ·time of punishment [L days] near; you have come to the end of your years. That is why I have made you a ·shame [object of scorn] to the nations and ·why all lands laugh at you [L a mockery/laughingstock to all lands]. 5 Those near and those far away ·laugh at [mock] you with your ·bad [defiled] name, you city full of ·confusion [turmoil].

6 “‘See how each ·ruler [prince; leader] of Israel in you [C Jerusalem; v. 2] has been trying to ·kill people [shed blood]. 7 The people in you ·hate [treat with contempt] their fathers and mothers. They ·mistreat [oppress] the foreigners in you and wrong the ·orphans [fatherless] and widows in you. 8 You ·hate [despise] my holy things and ·dishonor [desecrate; profane; C ritually] my Sabbaths. 9 The ·lying [slanderous] men in you ·cause the death of others [shed blood]. The people in you eat ·food offered to idols at the mountain places of worship [L on the mountains], and they take part in ·sexual sins [L lewd/obscene acts among you]. 10 The men in you ·have sexual relations with their fathers’ wives [L uncover their father’s nakedness] and ·with [L violate] women who are unclean [C ritually], during their time of ·monthly bleeding [L impurity]. 11 One man in you does a ·hateful [detestable; abominable] act with his neighbor’s wife, while another has shamefully ·made his daughter-in-law unclean sexually [L defiled his daughter-in-law; C ritually]. And another ·forces his half sister to have sexual relations [L violates his father’s daughter] with him [C all forbidden in the Law; Lev. 18:9, 15, 20]. 12 The people in you take ·money [bribes] to ·kill others [shed blood; Deut. 27:25]. You take ·interest [usury; 18:13, 17; Lev. 25:36] and profits and make profits by ·mistreating [extorting] your neighbor. And you have forgotten me, says the Lord God.

13 “‘·So, Jerusalem, [L Look; T Behold] I will ·shake my fist [L strike my hand] at you for ·stealing money [your dishonest gain] and for ·murdering people [bloodshed]. 14 Will ·you still be brave [L your heart stand] and ·strong [L your hands be strong] when I ·punish [deal with] you? I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will act. 15 I will scatter you among the nations and spread you through the countries. ·That is how I will get rid of [L I will remove] your uncleanness [C ritually]. 16 But you, yourself, will be ·dishonored [defiled; profaned; C ritually] in the ·sight [eyes] of the nations. Then you will know that I am the Lord.’”

Israel Is Worthless

17 The ·Lord spoke his word [L word of the Lord came] to me, saying: 18 “·Human [T Son of man; 2:1], the ·people [L house] of Israel have become ·scum [dross; C useless] to me. They are like the ·copper [or bronze], tin, iron, and lead left in the furnace when silver is purified. 19 So this is what the Lord God says: ‘Because you have become ·scum [dross], I am going to bring you together inside Jerusalem. 20 Just as people put silver, ·copper [or bronze], iron, lead, and tin together inside a furnace to melt them down in a blazing fire, so I will gather you in my hot anger and put you together in Jerusalem and melt you down. 21 I will ·put [gather] you together and ·make you feel [L blow on you with] the ·heat [fire] of my ·anger [fury; wrath]. You will be melted down ·inside Jerusalem [L in the midst of it]. 22 As silver is melted in a furnace, you will be melted inside ·the city [L it]. Then you will know that I, the Lord, have poured out my ·anger [wrath] on you.’”

Sins of the People

23 The ·Lord spoke his word [L word of the Lord came] to me, saying: 24 “·Human [T Son of man; 2:1], say to the land, ‘You are a land that ·has not had rain or [or is not cleansed with] showers ·when God is angry [L in the day of wrath/indignation].’ 25 Like a roaring lion that tears ·the animal it has caught [its prey], Israel’s ·rulers[a] [princes] ·make evil plans [conspire]. They have ·destroyed [devoured] lives and have taken treasure and ·valuable [precious] things. They have caused many women to become widows. 26 ·Israel’s [L Her; Its] priests do ·cruel things [violence] to my ·teachings [laws; instructions; L Torah] and ·do not honor [profane; C ritually] my holy things. They make no difference between holy and ·unholy [common; profane; C ritually] things, and they teach there is no difference between clean and unclean things [C ritually]. They ·do not remember [disregard; L close their eyes to] my Sabbaths, so I am ·dishonored by [profaned among; C ritually] them. 27 Like wolves tearing ·a dead animal [their prey], ·Jerusalem’s leaders [L her princes/officials] have ·killed people [L shed blood and destroy lives] for profit. 28 And the prophets ·try to cover this up by [whitewash their actions with; 13:10–15] false visions and by lying ·messages [divinations]. They say, ‘This is what the Lord God says’ when the Lord has not spoken. 29 The people of the land ·cheat others [practice extortion] and ·steal [commit robbery]. They ·hurt [oppress] the poor and needy. They ·cheat [mistreat; extort] foreigners and ·do not treat them fairly [deny them justice].

30 “I looked for someone to ·build up [repair; 13:5] the walls and to stand before me ·where the walls are broken [in the gap/breach] ·to defend these people [L on behalf of the land] so I would not have to destroy them. But I could not find anyone. 31 So I ·let them see [poured out] my ·anger [wrath]. I destroyed them with an anger that was like fire ·because of all the things [L bringing down on their heads all] they have done, says the Lord God.”

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 22:25 rulers Some Greek copies read “princes.” Hebrew copies read “prophets.”
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