The Older Sister, Samaria

“Oholah played the harlot even though she was Mine;
And she lusted for her lovers, the neighboring (A)Assyrians,

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“Oholah engaged in prostitution while she was still mine; and she lusted after her lovers, the Assyrians(A)—warriors(B)

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13 “When Ephraim saw his sickness,
And Judah saw his (A)wound,
Then Ephraim went (B)to Assyria
And sent to King Jareb;
Yet he cannot cure you,
Nor heal you of your wound.

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13 “When Ephraim(A) saw his sickness,
    and Judah his sores,
then Ephraim turned to Assyria,(B)
    and sent to the great king for help.(C)
But he is not able to cure(D) you,
    not able to heal your sores.(E)

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(A)Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him; and Hoshea (B)became his vassal, and paid him tribute money.

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Shalmaneser(A) king of Assyria came up to attack Hoshea, who had been Shalmaneser’s vassal and had paid him tribute.(B)

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So Ahaz sent messengers to (A)Tiglath-Pileser[a] king of Assyria, saying, “I am your servant and your son. Come up and save me from the hand of the king of Syria and from the hand of the king of Israel, who rise up against me.”

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 16:7 A later name of Pul, 2 Kin. 15:19

Ahaz sent messengers to say to Tiglath-Pileser(A) king of Assyria, “I am your servant and vassal. Come up and save(B) me out of the hand of the king of Aram and of the king of Israel, who are attacking me.”

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19 (A)Pul[a] king of Assyria came against the land; and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his [b]hand might be with him to (B)strengthen the kingdom under his control.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 15:19 Tiglath-Pileser III, v. 29
  2. 2 Kings 15:19 Support

19 Then Pul[a](A) king of Assyria invaded the land, and Menahem gave him a thousand talents[b] of silver to gain his support and strengthen his own hold on the kingdom.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 15:19 Also called Tiglath-Pileser
  2. 2 Kings 15:19 That is, about 38 tons or about 34 metric tons

For they have gone up to Assyria,
Like (A)a wild donkey alone by itself;
Ephraim (B)has hired lovers.
10 Yes, though they have hired among the nations,
Now (C)I will gather them;
And they shall [a]sorrow a little,
Because of the [b]burden of (D)the king of princes.

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Footnotes

  1. Hosea 8:10 Or begin to diminish
  2. Hosea 8:10 Or oracle or proclamation

For they have gone up to Assyria(A)
    like a wild donkey(B) wandering alone.
    Ephraim has sold herself to lovers.(C)
10 Although they have sold themselves among the nations,
    I will now gather them together.(D)
They will begin to waste away(E)
    under the oppression of the mighty king.

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28 You also played the harlot with the (A)Assyrians, because you were insatiable; indeed you played the harlot with them and still were not satisfied.

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28 You engaged in prostitution with the Assyrians(A) too, because you were insatiable; and even after that, you still were not satisfied.(B)

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38 (A)A [a]drought is against her waters, and they will be dried up.
For it is the land of carved images,
And they are insane with their idols.

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Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 50:38 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; Syr. sword; LXX omits A drought is

38 A drought on[a] her waters!(A)
    They will dry(B) up.
For it is a land of idols,(C)
    idols that will go mad with terror.

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Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 50:38 Or A sword against

For (A)so it was that the children of Israel had sinned against the Lord their God, who had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and they had (B)feared other gods, and (C)had walked in the statutes of the nations whom the Lord had cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they had made. Also the children of Israel secretly did against the Lord their God things that were not right, and they built for themselves [a]high places in all their cities, (D)from watchtower to fortified city. 10 (E)They set up for themselves sacred pillars and (F)wooden images[b] (G)on every high hill and under every green tree. 11 There they burned incense on all the high places, like the nations whom the Lord had carried away before them; and they did wicked things to provoke the Lord to anger, 12 for they served idols, (H)of which the Lord had said to them, (I)“You shall not do this thing.”

13 Yet the Lord testified against Israel and against Judah, by all of His (J)prophets, (K)every seer, saying, (L)“Turn from your evil ways, and keep My commandments and My statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by My servants the prophets.” 14 Nevertheless they would not hear, but (M)stiffened their necks, like the necks of their fathers, who (N)did not believe in the Lord their God. 15 And they (O)rejected His statutes (P)and His covenant that He had made with their fathers, and His testimonies which He had testified against them; they followed (Q)idols, (R)became idolaters, and went after the nations who were all around them, concerning whom the Lord had charged them that they should (S)not do like them. 16 So they left all the commandments of the Lord their God, (T)made for themselves a molded image and two calves, (U)made a wooden image and worshiped all the (V)host of heaven, (W)and served Baal. 17 (X)And they caused their sons and daughters to pass through the fire, (Y)practiced witchcraft and soothsaying, and (Z)sold themselves to do evil in the sight of the Lord, to provoke Him to anger. 18 Therefore the Lord was very angry with Israel, and removed them from His sight; there was none left (AA)but the tribe of Judah alone.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 17:9 Places for pagan worship
  2. 2 Kings 17:10 Heb. Asherim, Canaanite deities

Israel Exiled Because of Sin

All this took place because the Israelites had sinned(A) against the Lord their God, who had brought them up out of Egypt(B) from under the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. They worshiped other gods and followed the practices of the nations(C) the Lord had driven out before them, as well as the practices that the kings of Israel had introduced. The Israelites secretly did things against the Lord their God that were not right. From watchtower to fortified city(D) they built themselves high places in all their towns. 10 They set up sacred stones(E) and Asherah poles(F) on every high hill and under every spreading tree.(G) 11 At every high place they burned incense, as the nations whom the Lord had driven out before them had done. They did wicked things that aroused the Lord’s anger. 12 They worshiped idols,(H) though the Lord had said, “You shall not do this.”[a] 13 The Lord warned(I) Israel and Judah through all his prophets and seers:(J) “Turn from your evil ways.(K) Observe my commands and decrees, in accordance with the entire Law that I commanded your ancestors to obey and that I delivered to you through my servants the prophets.”(L)

14 But they would not listen and were as stiff-necked(M) as their ancestors, who did not trust in the Lord their God. 15 They rejected his decrees and the covenant(N) he had made with their ancestors and the statutes he had warned them to keep. They followed worthless idols(O) and themselves became worthless.(P) They imitated the nations(Q) around them although the Lord had ordered them, “Do not do as they do.”

16 They forsook all the commands of the Lord their God and made for themselves two idols cast in the shape of calves,(R) and an Asherah(S) pole. They bowed down to all the starry hosts,(T) and they worshiped Baal.(U) 17 They sacrificed(V) their sons and daughters in the fire. They practiced divination and sought omens(W) and sold(X) themselves to do evil in the eyes of the Lord, arousing his anger.

18 So the Lord was very angry with Israel and removed them from his presence.(Y) Only the tribe of Judah was left,

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 17:12 Exodus 20:4,5

Ephraim’s Sins Rebuked by God

12 “Ephraim (A)feeds on the wind,
And pursues the east wind;
He daily increases lies and [a]desolation.
(B)Also they make a [b]covenant with the Assyrians,
And (C)oil is carried to Egypt.

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Footnotes

  1. Hosea 12:1 ruin
  2. Hosea 12:1 Or treaty

12 [a]Ephraim(A) feeds on the wind;(B)
    he pursues the east wind all day
    and multiplies lies and violence.(C)
He makes a treaty with Assyria(D)
    and sends olive oil to Egypt.(E)

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Footnotes

  1. Hosea 12:1 In Hebrew texts 12:1-14 is numbered 12:2-15.

The idol also shall be carried to Assyria
As a present for King (A)Jareb.
Ephraim shall receive shame,
And Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel.

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It will be carried to Assyria(A)
    as tribute(B) for the great king.(C)
Ephraim will be disgraced;(D)
    Israel will be ashamed(E) of its foreign alliances.

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20 For she lusted for her [a]paramours,
Whose flesh is like the flesh of donkeys,
And whose issue is like the issue of horses.

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Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 23:20 Illicit lovers

20 There she lusted after her lovers, whose genitals were like those of donkeys and whose emission was like that of horses.

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16 (A)As soon as her eyes saw them,
She lusted for them
And sent (B)messengers to them in Chaldea.

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16 As soon as she saw them, she lusted after them and sent messengers(A) to them in Chaldea.(B)

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