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L’Egitto colpito come l’Assiria

31 (A)L’anno undicesimo, il terzo mese, il primo giorno del mese, la parola del Signore mi fu rivolta in questi termini:

«Figlio d’uomo, di’ al faraone, re d’Egitto, e alla sua moltitudine: “A chi somigli tu nella tua grandezza?

Ecco, l’Assiro era un cedro del Libano, dai bei rami, dall’ombra folta, dal tronco slanciato, dalla vetta sporgente tra il folto dei rami.

Le acque lo nutrivano, l’abisso lo faceva crescere facendo scorrere i suoi fiumi intorno al luogo dov’era piantato, mentre mandava i suoi canali a tutti gli alberi dei campi.

Perciò la sua altezza era superiore a quella di tutti gli alberi della campagna, i suoi rami si erano moltiplicati, i suoi ramoscelli si erano allungati per l’abbondanza delle acque che lo facevano sviluppare.

Tutti gli uccelli del cielo si annidavano fra i suoi rami, tutte le bestie dei campi figliavano sotto i suoi ramoscelli, tutte le grandi nazioni abitavano alla sua ombra.

Era bello per la sua grandezza, per la lunghezza dei suoi rami, perché la sua radice era presso acque abbondanti.

I cedri non lo sorpassavano nel giardino di Dio, i cipressi non uguagliavano i suoi ramoscelli e i platani non erano neppure come i suoi rami; nessun albero nel giardino di Dio lo pareggiava in bellezza.

Io lo avevo reso bello per l’abbondanza dei suoi rami, e tutti gli alberi di Eden, che sono nel giardino di Dio, gli portavano invidia”.

10 Perciò così parla il Signore, Dio: “Perché era salito a tanta altezza e sporgeva la sua vetta tra il folto dei rami e perché il suo cuore si era insuperbito della sua altezza,

11 io lo diedi in mano al più forte fra le nazioni affinché lo trattasse a suo piacimento; per la sua empietà io lo cacciai via.

12 Degli stranieri, i più violenti fra le nazioni, lo hanno tagliato e lo hanno abbandonato; sui monti e in tutte le valli sono caduti i suoi rami, i suoi ramoscelli sono stati spezzati in tutti i burroni del paese, tutti i popoli della terra si sono ritirati dalla sua ombra e l’hanno abbandonato.

13 Sul suo tronco caduto si posano tutti gli uccelli del cielo e sopra i suoi rami stanno tutte le bestie dei campi.

14 Così è avvenuto affinché tutti gli alberi piantati presso le acque non siano orgogliosi della propria altezza, non sporgano più la vetta tra il folto dei rami, e tutti gli alberi potenti che si dissetano alle acque non persistano nella loro fierezza; poiché tutti quanti sono dati alla morte, alle profondità della terra, assieme ai figli degli uomini, a quelli che scendono nella fossa”.

15 Così parla il Signore, Dio: “Il giorno che egli discese nel soggiorno dei morti io bandii un lutto; a motivo di lui velai l’abisso, ne arrestai i fiumi e le grandi acque furono fermate; a motivo di lui feci vestire a lutto il Libano, e tutti gli alberi dei campi vennero meno a motivo di lui.

16 Al rumore della sua caduta feci tremare le nazioni, quando lo feci scendere nel soggiorno dei morti con quelli che scendono nella fossa; nelle profondità della terra si consolarono tutti gli alberi di Eden, i più scelti e i più belli del Libano, tutti quelli che si dissetavano alle acque.

17 Anch’essi discesero con lui nel soggiorno dei morti, verso quelli che la spada ha uccisi, verso quelli che erano il suo braccio e stavano alla sua ombra in mezzo alle nazioni.

18 A chi dunque somigli tu per gloria e per grandezza fra gli alberi di Eden? Così tu sarai precipitato con gli alberi di Eden nelle profondità della terra; tu giacerai in mezzo agli incirconcisi, fra quelli che la spada ha uccisi. Tale sarà il faraone con tutta la sua moltitudine”, dice il Signore, Dio».

Downfall of Egypt and Assyria

31 In the eleventh year,(A) in the third month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me: “Son of man, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to his hordes:

Who are you like in your greatness?
Think of Assyria, a cedar in Lebanon,(B)
with beautiful branches and shady foliage
and of lofty height.
Its top was among the clouds.[a]
The waters caused it to grow;
the underground springs made it tall,
directing their rivers all around
the place where the tree was planted
and sending their channels
to all the trees of the field.
Therefore the cedar became greater in height
than all the trees of the field.(C)
Its branches multiplied,
and its boughs grew long
as it spread them out
because of the plentiful water.(D)
All the birds of the sky
nested in its branches,(E)
and all the animals of the field
gave birth beneath its boughs;
all the great nations lived in its shade.
It was beautiful in its greatness,
in the length of its limbs,
for its roots extended to abundant water.
The cedars in God’s garden could not rival it;(F)
the pine trees couldn’t compare with its branches,
nor could the plane trees match its boughs.
No tree in the garden of God
could compare with it in beauty.
I made it beautiful with its many limbs,
and all the trees of Eden,
which were in God’s garden, envied it.

10 “Therefore this is what the Lord God says: Since it[b] became great in height and set its top among the clouds,[c] and it[d] grew proud(G) on account of its height, 11 I determined to hand it over to a ruler of nations;(H) he would surely deal with it. I banished it because of its wickedness. 12 Foreigners, ruthless men from the nations,(I) cut it down and left it lying. Its limbs fell on the mountains and in every valley; its boughs lay broken in all the earth’s ravines. All the peoples of the earth left its shade and abandoned it. 13 All the birds of the sky nested on its fallen trunk, and all the animals of the field were among its boughs. 14 This happened so that no trees planted beside water would become great in height and set their tops among the clouds,[e] and so that no other well-watered trees would reach them in height. For they have all been consigned to death, to the underworld, among the people who descend to the Pit.(J)

15 “This is what the Lord God says: I caused grieving on the day the cedar went down to Sheol.(K) I closed off the underground deep because of it:[f] I held back the rivers of the deep, and its abundant waters were restrained. I made Lebanon mourn on account of it, and all the trees of the field fainted because of it. 16 I made the nations quake at the sound of its downfall, when I threw it down to Sheol to be with those who descend to the Pit. Then all the trees of Eden,(L) all the well-watered trees, the choice and best of Lebanon, were comforted(M) in the underworld. 17 They too descended with it to Sheol, to those slain by the sword. As its allies[g][h] they had lived in its shade among the nations.

18 “Who then are you like in glory and greatness among Eden’s trees? You also will be brought down to the underworld to be with the trees of Eden. You will lie among the uncircumcised with those slain by the sword.(N) This is Pharaoh and all his hordes”—the declaration of the Lord God.

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 31:3 Or thick foliage
  2. Ezekiel 31:10 Syr, Vg; MT, LXX read you
  3. Ezekiel 31:10 Or thick foliage
  4. Ezekiel 31:10 Lit its heart
  5. Ezekiel 31:14 Or thick foliage
  6. Ezekiel 31:15 Or I covered it with the underground deep
  7. Ezekiel 31:17 LXX, Syr read offspring
  8. Ezekiel 31:17 Lit arm

31 And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,

Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom art thou like in thy greatness?

Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.

The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent her little rivers unto all the trees of the field.

Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth.

All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations.

Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.

The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.

I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him.

10 Therefore thus saith the Lord God; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;

11 I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness.

12 And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

13 Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:

14 To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.

15 Thus saith the Lord God; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.

16 I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth.

17 They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen.

18 To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord God.

Pharaoh as a Felled Cedar of Lebanon

31 In the eleventh year,(A) in the third month on the first day, the word of the Lord came to me:(B) “Son of man, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to his hordes:

“‘Who can be compared with you in majesty?
Consider Assyria,(C) once a cedar in Lebanon,(D)
    with beautiful branches overshadowing the forest;
it towered on high,
    its top above the thick foliage.(E)
The waters(F) nourished it,
    deep springs made it grow tall;
their streams flowed
    all around its base
and sent their channels
    to all the trees of the field.(G)
So it towered higher(H)
    than all the trees of the field;
its boughs increased
    and its branches grew long,
    spreading because of abundant waters.(I)
All the birds of the sky
    nested in its boughs,
all the animals of the wild
    gave birth(J) under its branches;
all the great nations
    lived in its shade.(K)
It was majestic in beauty,
    with its spreading boughs,
for its roots went down
    to abundant waters.(L)
The cedars(M) in the garden of God
    could not rival it,
nor could the junipers
    equal its boughs,
nor could the plane trees(N)
    compare with its branches—
no tree in the garden of God
    could match its beauty.(O)
I made it beautiful
    with abundant branches,
the envy of all the trees of Eden(P)
    in the garden of God.(Q)

10 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Because the great cedar towered over the thick foliage, and because it was proud(R) of its height, 11 I gave it into the hands of the ruler of the nations, for him to deal with according to its wickedness. I cast it aside,(S) 12 and the most ruthless of foreign nations(T) cut it down and left it. Its boughs fell on the mountains and in all the valleys;(U) its branches lay broken in all the ravines of the land. All the nations of the earth came out from under its shade and left it.(V) 13 All the birds settled on the fallen tree, and all the wild animals lived among its branches.(W) 14 Therefore no other trees by the waters are ever to tower proudly on high, lifting their tops above the thick foliage. No other trees so well-watered are ever to reach such a height; they are all destined(X) for death,(Y) for the earth below, among mortals who go down to the realm of the dead.(Z)

15 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: On the day it was brought down to the realm of the dead I covered the deep springs with mourning for it; I held back its streams, and its abundant waters were restrained. Because of it I clothed Lebanon with gloom, and all the trees of the field withered away.(AA) 16 I made the nations tremble(AB) at the sound of its fall when I brought it down to the realm of the dead to be with those who go down to the pit. Then all the trees(AC) of Eden,(AD) the choicest and best of Lebanon, the well-watered trees, were consoled(AE) in the earth below.(AF) 17 They too, like the great cedar, had gone down to the realm of the dead, to those killed by the sword,(AG) along with the armed men who lived in its shade among the nations.

18 “‘Which of the trees of Eden can be compared with you in splendor and majesty? Yet you, too, will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the earth below; you will lie among the uncircumcised,(AH) with those killed by the sword.

“‘This is Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the Sovereign Lord.’”