Esodo 34
Conferenza Episcopale Italiana
L'alleanza rinnovata. Le tavole della legge
34 Poi il Signore disse a Mosè: «Taglia due tavole di pietra come le prime. Io scriverò su queste tavole le parole che erano sulle tavole di prima, che hai spezzate. 2 Tieniti pronto per domani mattina: domani mattina salirai sul monte Sinai e rimarrai lassù per me in cima al monte. 3 Nessuno salga con te, nessuno si trovi sulla cima del monte e lungo tutto il monte; neppure armenti o greggi vengano a pascolare davanti a questo monte».
4 Mosè tagliò due tavole di pietra come le prime; si alzò di buon mattino e salì sul monte Sinai, come il Signore gli aveva comandato, con le due tavole di pietra in mano.
Apparizione divina
5 Allora il Signore scese nella nube, si fermò là presso di lui e proclamò il nome del Signore. 6 Il Signore passò davanti a lui proclamando: «Il Signore, il Signore, Dio misericordioso e pietoso, lento all'ira e ricco di grazia e di fedeltà, 7 che conserva il suo favore per mille generazioni, che perdona la colpa, la trasgressione e il peccato, ma non lascia senza punizione, che castiga la colpa dei padri nei figli e nei figli dei figli fino alla terza e alla quarta generazione».
8 Mosè si curvò in fretta fino a terra e si prostrò. 9 Disse: «Se ho trovato grazia ai tuoi occhi, mio Signore, che il Signore cammini in mezzo a noi. Sì, è un popolo di dura cervice, ma tu perdona la nostra colpa e il nostro peccato: fà di noi la tua eredità».
L'alleanza
10 Il Signore disse: «Ecco io stabilisco un'alleanza: in presenza di tutto il tuo popolo io farò meraviglie, quali non furono mai compiute in nessun paese e in nessuna nazione: tutto il popolo in mezzo al quale ti trovi vedrà l'opera del Signore, perché terribile è quanto io sto per fare con te.
11 Osserva dunque ciò che io oggi ti comando. Ecco io scaccerò davanti a te l'Amorreo, il Cananeo, l'Hittita, il Perizzita, l'Eveo e il Gebuseo. 12 Guardati bene dal far alleanza con gli abitanti del paese nel quale stai per entrare, perché ciò non diventi una trappola in mezzo a te. 13 Anzi distruggerete i loro altari, spezzerete le loro stele e taglierete i loro pali sacri. 14 Tu non devi prostrarti ad altro Dio, perché il Signore si chiama Geloso: egli è un Dio geloso. 15 Non fare alleanza con gli abitanti di quel paese, altrimenti, quando si prostituiranno ai loro dei e faranno sacrifici ai loro dei, inviteranno anche te: tu allora mangeresti le loro vittime sacrificali. 16 Non prendere per mogli dei tuoi figli le loro figlie, altrimenti, quando esse si prostituiranno ai loro dei, indurrebbero anche i tuoi figli a prostituirsi ai loro dei.
17 Non ti farai un dio di metallo fuso.
18 Osserverai la festa degli azzimi. Per sette giorni mangerai pane azzimo, come ti ho comandato, nel tempo stabilito del mese di Abib; perché nel mese di Abib sei uscito dall'Egitto.
19 Ogni essere che nasce per primo dal seno materno è mio: ogni tuo capo di bestiame maschio, primogenito del bestiame grosso e minuto. 20 Il primogenito dell'asino riscatterai con un altro capo di bestiame e, se non lo vorrai riscattare, gli spaccherai la nuca. Ogni primogenito dei tuoi figli lo dovrai riscattare.
Nessuno venga davanti a me a mani vuote.
21 Per sei giorni lavorerai, ma nel settimo riposerai; dovrai riposare anche nel tempo dell'aratura e della mietitura.
22 Celebrerai anche la festa della settimana, la festa cioè delle primizie della mietitura del frumento e la festa del raccolto al volgere dell'anno.
23 Tre volte all'anno ogni tuo maschio compaia alla presenza del Signore Dio, Dio d'Israele. 24 Perché io scaccerò le nazioni davanti a te e allargherò i tuoi confini; così quando tu, tre volte all'anno, salirai per comparire alla presenza del Signore tuo Dio, nessuno potrà desiderare di invadere il tuo paese.
25 Non sacrificherai con pane lievitato il sangue della mia vittima sacrificale; la vittima sacrificale della festa di pasqua non dovrà rimanere fino alla mattina.
26 Porterai alla casa del Signore, tuo Dio, la primizia dei primi prodotti della tua terra.
Non cuocerai un capretto nel latte di sua madre».
27 Il Signore disse a Mosè: «Scrivi queste parole, perché sulla base di queste parole io ho stabilito un'alleanza con te e con Israele».
28 Mosè rimase con il Signore quaranta giorni e quaranta notti senza mangiar pane e senza bere acqua. Il Signore scrisse sulle tavole le parole dell'alleanza, le dieci parole.
Mosè ridiscende dal monte
29 Quando Mosè scese dal monte Sinai - le due tavole della Testimonianza si trovavano nelle mani di Mosè mentre egli scendeva dal monte - non sapeva che la pelle del suo viso era diventata raggiante, poiché aveva conversato con lui. 30 Ma Aronne e tutti gli Israeliti, vedendo che la pelle del suo viso era raggiante, ebbero timore di avvicinarsi a lui. 31 Mosè allora li chiamò e Aronne, con tutti i capi della comunità, andò da lui. Mosè parlò a loro. 32 Si avvicinarono dopo di loro tutti gli Israeliti ed egli ingiunse loro ciò che il Signore gli aveva ordinato sul monte Sinai. 33 Quando Mosè ebbe finito di parlare a loro, si pose un velo sul viso. 34 Quando entrava davanti al Signore per parlare con lui, Mosè si toglieva il velo, fin quando fosse uscito. Una volta uscito, riferiva agli Israeliti ciò che gli era stato ordinato. 35 Gli Israeliti, guardando in faccia Mosè, vedevano che la pelle del suo viso era raggiante. Poi egli si rimetteva il velo sul viso, fin quando fosse di nuovo entrato a parlare con lui.
Exodus 34
New International Version
The New Stone Tablets
34 The Lord said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones,(A) and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets,(B) which you broke.(C) 2 Be ready in the morning, and then come up on Mount Sinai.(D) Present yourself to me there on top of the mountain. 3 No one is to come with you or be seen anywhere on the mountain;(E) not even the flocks and herds may graze in front of the mountain.”
4 So Moses chiseled(F) out two stone tablets like the first ones and went up Mount Sinai early in the morning, as the Lord had commanded him; and he carried the two stone tablets in his hands.(G) 5 Then the Lord came down in the cloud(H) and stood there with him and proclaimed his name, the Lord.(I) 6 And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate(J) and gracious God, slow to anger,(K) abounding in love(L) and faithfulness,(M) 7 maintaining love to thousands,(N) and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin.(O) Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished;(P) he punishes the children and their children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation.”(Q)
8 Moses bowed to the ground at once and worshiped. 9 “Lord,” he said, “if I have found favor(R) in your eyes, then let the Lord go with us.(S) Although this is a stiff-necked(T) people, forgive our wickedness and our sin,(U) and take us as your inheritance.”(V)
10 Then the Lord said: “I am making a covenant(W) with you. Before all your people I will do wonders(X) never before done in any nation in all the world.(Y) The people you live among will see how awesome is the work that I, the Lord, will do for you. 11 Obey what I command(Z) you today. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.(AA) 12 Be careful not to make a treaty(AB) with those who live in the land where you are going, or they will be a snare(AC) among you. 13 Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherah poles.[a](AD) 14 Do not worship any other god,(AE) for the Lord, whose name(AF) is Jealous, is a jealous God.(AG)
15 “Be careful not to make a treaty(AH) with those who live in the land; for when they prostitute(AI) themselves to their gods and sacrifice to them, they will invite you and you will eat their sacrifices.(AJ) 16 And when you choose some of their daughters as wives(AK) for your sons and those daughters prostitute themselves to their gods,(AL) they will lead your sons to do the same.
17 “Do not make any idols.(AM)
18 “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread.(AN) For seven days eat bread made without yeast,(AO) as I commanded you. Do this at the appointed time in the month of Aviv,(AP) for in that month you came out of Egypt.
19 “The first offspring(AQ) of every womb belongs to me, including all the firstborn males of your livestock, whether from herd or flock. 20 Redeem the firstborn donkey with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, break its neck.(AR) Redeem all your firstborn sons.(AS)
“No one is to appear before me empty-handed.(AT)
21 “Six days you shall labor, but on the seventh day you shall rest;(AU) even during the plowing season and harvest(AV) you must rest.
22 “Celebrate the Festival of Weeks with the firstfruits(AW) of the wheat harvest, and the Festival of Ingathering(AX) at the turn of the year.[b] 23 Three times(AY) a year all your men are to appear before the Sovereign Lord, the God of Israel. 24 I will drive out nations(AZ) before you and enlarge your territory,(BA) and no one will covet your land when you go up three times each year to appear before the Lord your God.
25 “Do not offer the blood of a sacrifice to me along with anything containing yeast,(BB) and do not let any of the sacrifice from the Passover Festival remain until morning.(BC)
26 “Bring the best of the firstfruits(BD) of your soil to the house of the Lord your God.
“Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.”(BE)
27 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write(BF) down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant(BG) with you and with Israel.” 28 Moses was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights(BH) without eating bread or drinking water.(BI) And he wrote on the tablets(BJ) the words of the covenant—the Ten Commandments.(BK)
The Radiant Face of Moses
29 When Moses came down from Mount Sinai(BL) with the two tablets of the covenant law in his hands,(BM) he was not aware that his face was radiant(BN) because he had spoken with the Lord. 30 When Aaron and all the Israelites saw Moses, his face was radiant, and they were afraid to come near him. 31 But Moses called to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the community(BO) came back to him, and he spoke to them. 32 Afterward all the Israelites came near him, and he gave them all the commands(BP) the Lord had given him on Mount Sinai.
33 When Moses finished speaking to them, he put a veil(BQ) over his face. 34 But whenever he entered the Lord’s presence to speak with him, he removed the veil until he came out. And when he came out and told the Israelites what he had been commanded, 35 they saw that his face was radiant.(BR) Then Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with the Lord.
Footnotes
- Exodus 34:13 That is, wooden symbols of the goddess Asherah
- Exodus 34:22 That is, in the autumn
Exodus 34
English Standard Version
Moses Makes New Tablets
34 The Lord said to Moses, (A)“Cut for yourself two tablets of stone like the first, (B)and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, (C)which you broke. 2 Be ready by the morning, and come up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and present yourself there to me (D)on the top of the mountain. 3 No (E)one shall come up with you, and let no one be seen throughout all the mountain. Let no flocks or herds graze opposite that mountain.” 4 So Moses cut two tablets of stone like the first. And he rose early in the morning and went up on Mount Sinai, as the Lord had commanded him, and took in his hand two tablets of stone. 5 The Lord (F)descended in the cloud and stood with him there, and (G)proclaimed the name of the Lord. 6 The Lord passed before him and proclaimed, (H)“The Lord, the Lord, a God merciful and (I)gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast (J)love and faithfulness, 7 (K)keeping steadfast love for thousands,[a] (L)forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but (M)who will by no means clear the guilty, (N)visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children's children, to the third and the fourth generation.” 8 And Moses quickly (O)bowed his head toward the earth and worshiped. 9 And he said, “If now I have found favor in your sight, O Lord, please (P)let the Lord go in the midst of us, for (Q)it is a stiff-necked people, and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for (R)your inheritance.”
The Covenant Renewed
10 And he said, “Behold, (S)I am making a covenant. Before all your people (T)I will do marvels, such as have not been created in all the earth or in any nation. And all the people among whom you are shall see the work of the Lord, for it is an (U)awesome thing that I will do with you.
11 “Observe what I command you this day. Behold, (V)I will drive out before you the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites. 12 (W)Take care, lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land to which you go, lest it become a (X)snare in your midst. 13 You shall (Y)tear down their altars and (Z)break their pillars and cut down their (AA)Asherim 14 (for (AB)you shall worship no other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God), 15 (AC)lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and when they (AD)whore after their gods and sacrifice to their gods and (AE)you are invited, you eat of his sacrifice, 16 and you take of (AF)their daughters for your sons, and their daughters (AG)whore after their gods and make your sons whore after their gods.
17 (AH)“You shall not make for yourself any gods of cast metal.
18 (AI)“You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in (AJ)the month Abib, for in the month Abib you came out from Egypt. 19 (AK)All that open the womb are mine, all your male[b] livestock, the firstborn of cow and sheep. 20 The (AL)firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, or if you will not redeem it you shall break its neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem. And (AM)none shall appear before me empty-handed.
21 (AN)“Six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest. In plowing time and in harvest you shall rest. 22 (AO)You shall observe the Feast of Weeks, the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the year's end. 23 (AP)Three times in the year shall all your males appear before the Lord God, the God of Israel. 24 For I will (AQ)cast out nations before you and (AR)enlarge your borders; (AS)no one shall covet your land, when you go up to appear before the Lord your God three times in the year.
25 (AT)“You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with anything leavened, (AU)or let the sacrifice of the Feast of the Passover remain until the morning. 26 (AV)The best of the firstfruits of your ground you shall bring to the house of the Lord your God. (AW)You shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk.”
27 And the Lord said to Moses, “Write these words, for in accordance with these words (AX)I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.” 28 (AY)So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights. He neither ate bread nor drank water. And he (AZ)wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments.[c]
The Shining Face of Moses
29 When Moses came down from Mount Sinai, with (BA)the two tablets of the testimony in his hand as he came down from the mountain, Moses did not know that the skin of his face (BB)shone because he had been talking with God.[d] 30 Aaron and all the people of Israel saw Moses, and behold, the skin of his face (BC)shone, and they were afraid to come near him. 31 But Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses talked with them. 32 Afterward all the people of Israel came near, and he (BD)commanded them all that the Lord had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. 33 And when Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a (BE)veil over his face.
34 Whenever Moses (BF)went in before the Lord to speak with him, he would remove the veil, until he came out. And when he came out and told the people of Israel what he was commanded, 35 the people of Israel would see the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses' face was (BG)shining. And Moses would put the veil over his face again, until he went in to speak with him.
Footnotes
- Exodus 34:7 Or to the thousandth generation
- Exodus 34:19 Septuagint, Theodotion, Vulgate, Targum; the meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain
- Exodus 34:28 Hebrew the ten words
- Exodus 34:29 Hebrew him
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