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A deeper revealing of God’s character

34 The Lord said to Moses, “Cut two stone tablets like the first ones. I’ll write on these tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke into pieces. Get ready in the morning and come up to Mount Sinai. Stand there on top of the mountain in front of me. No one else can come up with you. Don’t allow anyone even to be seen anywhere on the mountain. Don’t even let sheep and cattle graze in front of the mountain.” So Moses cut two stone tablets like the first ones. He got up early in the morning and climbed up Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had commanded him. He carried the two stone tablets in his hands. The Lord came down in the cloud and stood there with him, and proclaimed the name, “The Lord.” The Lord passed in front of him and proclaimed:

    “The Lord! The Lord!
    a God who is compassionate and merciful,
        very patient,
        full of great loyalty and faithfulness,
        showing great loyalty to a thousand generations,
        forgiving every kind of sin and rebellion,
        yet by no means clearing the guilty,
        punishing for their parents’ sins
        their children and their grandchildren,
        as well as the third and the fourth generation.”

At once Moses bowed to the ground and worshipped. He said, “If you approve of me, my Lord, please go along with us.[a] Although these are stubborn people, forgive our guilt and our sin and take us as your own possession.”

Renewing the broken covenant

10 The Lord said: I now make a covenant. In front of all your people, I’ll perform dramatic displays of power that have never been done before anywhere on earth or in any nation. All the people who are around you will see what the Lord does, because I will do an awesome thing with you.

11 Be sure to obey what I command you today. I’m about to drive out before you the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites. 12 Be careful that you don’t make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land to which you are going, or it will become a dangerous trap for you. 13 You must tear down their altars, smash their sacred stone pillars, and cut down their sacred poles. 14 You must not bow down to another god, because the Lord is passionate: the Lord’s name means “a passionate God.” 15 Don’t make a covenant with those who live in the land. When they prostitute themselves with their gods and sacrifice to their gods, they may invite you and you may end up eating some of the sacrifice. 16 Then you might go and choose their daughters as wives for your sons. And their daughters who prostitute themselves with their gods might lead your sons to prostitute themselves with their gods.

17 Don’t make metal gods for yourself.

18 Observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread. You should eat unleavened bread for seven days, as I commanded you, at the set time in the month of Abib,[b] because it was in the month of Abib that you came out of Egypt.

19 Every first offspring is mine. That includes all your male livestock, the oldest offspring of cows and sheep. 20 But a donkey’s oldest offspring you may ransom with a sheep. Or if you don’t ransom it, you must break its neck. You should ransom all of your oldest sons.

No one should appear before me empty-handed.

21 You should do your work for six days, but on the seventh day you should rest. Even during plowing or harvesttime you should rest. 22 You should observe the Festival of Weeks, for the early produce of the wheat harvest, and the Gathering Festival at the end of the year. 23 All your males should appear three times a year before the Lord God, Israel’s God. 24 I will drive out nations before you and extend your borders. No one will desire and try to take your land if you go up and appear before the Lord your God three times a year.

25 Don’t slaughter the blood of my sacrifice with anything leavened. The sacrifice of the Passover Festival shouldn’t be left over until the morning.

26 Bring the best of the early produce of your farmland to the Lord your God’s temple.

Don’t boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.

27 The Lord said to Moses: “Write down these words because by these words I hereby make a covenant with you and with Israel.” 28 Moses was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights. He didn’t eat any bread or drink any water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the ten words.

Moses’ brightly shining face

29 Moses came down from Mount Sinai. As he came down from the mountain with the two covenant tablets in his hand, Moses didn’t realize that the skin of his face shone brightly because he had been talking with God. 30 When Aaron and all the Israelites saw the skin of Moses’ face shining brightly, they were afraid to come near him. 31 But Moses called them closer. So Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and Moses spoke with them. 32 After that, all the Israelites came near as well, and Moses commanded them everything that the Lord had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. 33 When Moses finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. 34 Whenever Moses went into the Lord’s presence to speak with him, Moses would take the veil off until he came out again. When Moses came out and told the Israelites what he had been commanded, 35 the Israelites would see that the skin of Moses’ face was shining brightly. So Moses would put the veil on his face again until the next time he went in to speak with the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 34:9 LXX; MT adds my Lord.
  2. Exodus 34:18 March–April, named Nisan after the exile

Le renouvellement de l’alliance

34 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Taille toi-même deux tablettes de pierre semblables aux premières et j’y graverai les paroles qui se trouvaient sur celles que tu as brisées. Sois prêt pour demain matin ; monte dès l’aube sur le mont Sinaï et tiens-toi là pour m’attendre, au sommet de la montagne. Personne ne montera avec toi, on ne verra aucune autre personne sur toute la montagne. Que même ni petit ni gros bétail ne paisse aux abords de la montagne.

Moïse tailla deux tablettes de pierre semblables aux précédentes et le lendemain matin, de bonne heure, gravit le mont Sinaï, comme l’Eternel le lui avait ordonné, tenant en main les deux tablettes de pierre.

L’Eternel descendit dans la nuée, il se tint là près de lui et proclama son nom : il passa devant lui en proclamant : L’Eternel, l’Eternel, un Dieu plein de compassion et de grâce, lent à se mettre en colère, et riche en amour et en fidélité[a] ! Il conserve son amour jusqu’à la millième génération : il pardonne le crime, la faute et le péché, mais ne tient pas le coupable pour innocent, il punit la faute des pères sur leurs descendants jusqu’à la troisième, voire même la quatrième génération.

Aussitôt, Moïse s’inclina jusqu’à terre et se prosterna. Puis il dit : Seigneur, si j’ai obtenu ta faveur, je t’en prie, Seigneur, marche au milieu de nous. Oui, c’est un peuple rebelle, mais veuille pardonner nos fautes et nos péchés et conserver notre peuple comme ta possession !

10 Dieu répondit : Je vais conclure une alliance avec vous. En présence de tout ton peuple, je ferai des prodiges tels qu’il ne s’en est jamais produit sur la terre entière chez aucun autre peuple, et tout le peuple qui t’entoure verra combien est impressionnante l’œuvre de l’Eternel que j’accomplis avec toi.

11 Retenez bien ce que je vous commande aujourd’hui. Je vais chasser devant vous les Amoréens, les Cananéens, les Hittites, les Phéréziens, les Héviens et les Yebousiens. 12 Gardez-vous de conclure une alliance avec les habitants du pays dans lequel vous allez entrer, ils deviendraient un piège au milieu de vous. 13 Au contraire, vous renverserez leurs autels, vous briserez leurs stèles[b], et vous abattrez leurs pieux sacrés voués à la déesse Ashéra[c].

14 Vous ne vous prosternerez devant aucune autre divinité ; car son nom à lui, c’est « l’Eternel qui ne tolère aucun rival » et il est effectivement un Dieu qui ne tolère aucun rival.

15 N’allez donc pas conclure une alliance avec les habitants du pays ; car ces gens se prostituent à leurs dieux, ils leur offrent des sacrifices, et, à leur invitation, vous mangeriez de ce qu’ils leur ont offert. 16 Vous prendriez parmi leurs filles des épouses pour vos fils, et leurs filles, qui se prostituent à leurs dieux, entraîneraient vos fils à faire de même.

17 Vous ne vous ferez pas de dieu en métal fondu[d].

18 Vous observerez la fête des Pains sans levain. Pendant les sept jours fixés du mois des épis, vous mangerez des pains sans levain, comme je vous l’ai prescrit, car c’est au cours de ce mois que vous êtes sortis d’Egypte[e].

19 Tout premier-né m’appartient. Il en est ainsi de tout premier-né mâle de ton bétail, veau ou agneau[f]. 20 Quant au premier-né de l’âne, vous le rachèterez par un agneau ; si vous ne le rachetez pas, vous lui briserez la nuque. Vous rachèterez toujours tout premier-né de vos fils.

Vous ne viendrez pas vous présenter devant moi les mains vides[g] !

21 Vous travaillerez six jours, mais le septième jour, vous vous reposerez ; même au temps du labour et de la moisson, vous vous reposerez[h].

22 Observe aussi la fête des Semaines[i] à l’occasion des premiers grains de blé moissonnés, ainsi que la fête de la récolte à la fin de l’année[j]. 23 Trois fois par an, tous les hommes du peuple viendront se présenter devant moi, le Souverain, l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël. 24 Car je déposséderai d’autres peuples devant vous, j’agrandirai votre territoire, et personne ne cherchera à conquérir votre pays pendant que vous monterez pour vous présenter devant l’Eternel votre Dieu trois fois par an.

25 Vous ne ferez pas couler le sang de mon sacrifice sur du pain levé, et vous ne garderez pas jusqu’au lendemain matin la viande du sacrifice de la fête de Pâque[k].

26 Vous apporterez le meilleur des premiers produits de votre terre au sanctuaire de l’Eternel votre Dieu.

Vous ne ferez pas cuire un chevreau dans le lait de sa mère[l].

27 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Inscris-toi ces paroles-là ; car c’est dans ces termes que je conclus alliance avec toi et avec le peuple d’Israël.

28 Moïse demeura là avec l’Eternel quarante jours et quarante nuits, sans rien manger ni boire, et l’Eternel écrivit sur les tablettes les paroles de l’alliance, les dix commandements.

Le visage de Moïse

29 Puis Moïse redescendit du mont Sinaï, tenant en main les deux tablettes de l’acte de l’alliance. Il ne savait pas que la peau de son visage était devenue rayonnante pendant qu’il s’entretenait avec l’Eternel[m]. 30 Aaron et tous les Israélites regardèrent Moïse, et s’aperçurent que la peau de son visage rayonnait. Ils eurent peur de s’approcher de lui. 31 Alors Moïse les appela. Aaron et tous les chefs de la communauté revinrent vers lui, et il s’entretint avec eux. 32 Après cela, tous les Israélites s’approchèrent de lui et il leur transmit tous les commandements que l’Eternel lui avait donnés sur le mont Sinaï.

33 Quand il eut terminé de parler avec eux, il se couvrit le visage d’un voile. 34 Lorsqu’il se rendait devant l’Eternel pour s’entretenir avec lui, il ôtait le voile jusqu’à ce qu’il ressorte de la tente. A sa sortie, il communiquait aux Israélites les ordres qu’il avait reçus. 35 Les Israélites voyaient que la peau du visage de Moïse rayonnait, puis Moïse remettait le voile sur son visage jusqu’à ce qu’il retourne s’entretenir avec l’Eternel.

Footnotes

  1. 34.6 Pour les v. 6-7, voir, entre autres, Ex 20.5-6 ; Nb 14.18 ; Dt 5.9-10 ; 7.9-10.
  2. 34.13 Pierres dressées, symboles de la divinité masculine, dont le culte est condamné par l’Eternel : 23.24 ; Lv 26.1 ; Dt 7.5 ; 12.3 ; 16.22.
  3. 34.13 Pieux ou poteaux sacrés des sanctuaires cananéens, dont le nom a parfois été employé pour désigner la divinité qu’ils étaient censés représenter (Jg 6.25 ; 1 R 14.23 ; 15.13). Voir Dt 16.21-22.
  4. 34.17 Voir Ex 20.4-5 ; Lv 19.4 ; 26.1 ; Dt 4.15-18 ; 5.8 ; 27.15.
  5. 34.18 Pour les v. 18-26, voir Ex 23.14-19 ; Dt 16.1-17 ; Ex 12.14-20 ; Lv 23.6-8 ; Nb 28.16-25.
  6. 34.19 Voir Ex 13.2 ; Nb 3.13 ; Lc 2.23.
  7. 34.20 Voir Ex 13.13 ; Nb 18.15.
  8. 34.21 Voir Ex 20.8-11 ; 23.12 ; 31.12-17 ; 35.2 ; Lv 23.3 ; Dt 5.13-14.
  9. 34.22 Appelée ainsi parce que l’on comptait sept semaines à partir de la Pâque.
  10. 34.22 Voir Ex 23.16 ; Lv 23.15-21 ; Nb 28.26-31.
  11. 34.25 Voir 12.10.
  12. 34.26 Voir 23.19.
  13. 34.29 Pour les v. 29-35, allusion en 2 Co 3.7-16.

Moses Makes New Tablets(A)

34 And the Lord said to Moses, (B)“Cut two tablets of stone like the first ones, and (C)I will write on these tablets the words that were on the first tablets which you broke. So be ready in the morning, and come up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and present yourself to Me there (D)on the top of the mountain. And no man shall (E)come up with you, and let no man be seen throughout all the mountain; let neither flocks nor herds feed before that mountain.”

So he cut two tablets of stone like the first ones. Then Moses rose early in the morning and went up Mount Sinai, as the Lord had commanded him; and he took in his hand the two tablets of stone.

Now the Lord descended in the (F)cloud and stood with him there, and (G)proclaimed the name of the Lord. And the Lord passed before him and proclaimed, “The Lord, the Lord (H)God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abounding in (I)goodness and (J)truth, (K)keeping mercy for thousands, (L)forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, (M)by no means clearing the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children and the children’s children to the third and the fourth generation.”

So Moses made haste and (N)bowed his head toward the earth, and worshiped. Then he said, “If now I have found grace in Your sight, O Lord, (O)let my Lord, I pray, go among us, even though we are a (P)stiff-necked[a] people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us as (Q)Your inheritance.”

The Covenant Renewed(R)

10 And He said: “Behold, (S)I make a covenant. Before all your people I will (T)do [b]marvels such as have not been done in all the earth, nor in any nation; and all the people among whom you are shall see the work of the Lord. For it is (U)an awesome thing that I will do with you. 11 (V)Observe what I command you this day. Behold, (W)I am driving out from before you the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite. 12 (X)Take heed to yourself, lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it be a snare in your midst. 13 But you shall (Y)destroy their altars, break their sacred pillars, and (Z)cut down their wooden images 14 (for you shall worship (AA)no other god, for the Lord, whose (AB)name is Jealous, is a (AC)jealous God), 15 lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they (AD)play the harlot with their gods and make sacrifice to their gods, and one of them (AE)invites you and you (AF)eat of his sacrifice, 16 and you take of (AG)his daughters for your sons, and his daughters (AH)play the harlot with their gods and make your sons play the harlot with their gods.

17 (AI)“You shall make no molded gods for yourselves.

18 “The Feast of (AJ)Unleavened Bread you shall keep. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, in the appointed time of the month of Abib; for in the (AK)month of Abib you came out from Egypt.

19 (AL)“All [c]that open the womb are Mine, and every male firstborn among your livestock, whether ox or sheep. 20 But (AM)the firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb. And if you will not redeem him, then you shall break his neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem.

“And none shall appear before Me (AN)empty-handed.

21 (AO)“Six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest; in plowing time and in harvest you shall rest.

22 “And you shall observe the Feast of Weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the year’s end.

23 (AP)“Three times in the year all your men shall appear before the Lord, the Lord God of Israel. 24 For I will (AQ)cast out the nations before you and enlarge your borders; neither will any man covet your land when you go up to appear before the Lord your God three times in the year.

25 “You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leaven, (AR)nor shall the sacrifice of the Feast of the Passover be left until morning.

26 (AS)“The first of the firstfruits of your land you shall bring to the house of the Lord your God. You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.”

27 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write (AT)these words, for according to the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.” 28 (AU)So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; he neither ate bread nor drank water. And (AV)He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the [d]Ten Commandments.

The Shining Face of Moses

29 Now it was so, when Moses came down from Mount Sinai (and the (AW)two tablets of the Testimony were in Moses’ hand when he came down from the mountain), that Moses did not know that (AX)the skin of his face shone while he talked with Him. 30 So when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone, and they were afraid to come near him. 31 Then Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned to him; and Moses talked with them. 32 Afterward all the children of Israel came near, (AY)and he gave them as commandments all that the Lord had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. 33 And when Moses had finished speaking with them, he put (AZ)a veil on his face. 34 But (BA)whenever Moses went in before the Lord to speak with Him, he would take the veil off until he came out; and he would come out and speak to the children of Israel whatever he had been commanded. 35 And whenever the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone, then Moses would put the veil on his face again, until he went in to speak with Him.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 34:9 stubborn
  2. Exodus 34:10 wonderful acts
  3. Exodus 34:19 the firstborn
  4. Exodus 34:28 Lit. Ten Words