Exodus 22
New International Reader's Version
Laws About Keeping Property Safe
22 “Suppose someone steals an ox or a sheep. And suppose that person kills it or sells it. Then the thief must pay back five oxen for the ox. Or the thief must pay back four sheep for the sheep.
2 “Suppose you catch a thief breaking into your house at night. And suppose you hit the thief and the thief dies. Then you are not guilty of murder. 3 But suppose it happens after the sun has come up. Then you are guilty of murder.
“Anyone who steals must pay for whatever they steal. But suppose the thief does not have anything. Then the thief must be sold to pay for what was stolen. 4 What if the stolen ox, donkey or sheep is found alive with the thief? Then the thief must pay back twice as much.
5 “Suppose someone lets their livestock eat grass in someone else’s field or vineyard. Then they must pay that person back from the best crops of their own field or vineyard.
6 “Suppose a fire breaks out and spreads into bushes. Suppose it burns cut and stacked grain or grain that is still growing. Or suppose it burns the whole field. Then the one who started the fire must pay for the loss.
7 “Suppose someone gives a neighbor silver or other things to keep safe. And suppose they are stolen from the neighbor’s house. The thief, if caught, must pay back twice as much as was stolen. 8 But suppose the thief is not found. Then the neighbor must go to the judges. They will decide whether the neighbor has stolen the other person’s property. 9 Suppose you have an ox, donkey, sheep or clothing that does not belong to you. Or you have other property lost by someone else. And suppose someone says, ‘That belongs to me.’ Then both people must bring their case to the judges. The one the judges decide is guilty must pay back twice as much to the other person.
10 “Suppose someone asks their neighbor to take care of a donkey, ox, sheep or any other animal. And suppose the animal dies or gets hurt. Or suppose it is stolen while no one is looking. 11 Then the problem will be settled by promising the Lord to tell the truth. Suppose the neighbor says, ‘I didn’t steal your property.’ Then the owner must accept what the neighbor says. No payment is required. 12 But suppose the animal really was stolen. Then the neighbor must pay the owner back. 13 Or suppose it was torn to pieces by a wild animal. Then the neighbor must bring in what is left as proof. No payment is required.
14 “Suppose someone borrows an animal from their neighbor. And it gets hurt or dies while the owner is not there. Then the borrower must pay for it. 15 But suppose the owner is with the animal. Then the borrower will not have to pay. If the borrower hired the animal, the money paid to hire it covers the loss.
Laws About Social Problems
16 “Suppose a man meets a virgin who is not engaged. And he talks her into having sex with him. Then he must pay her father the price for a bride. And he must marry her. 17 But suppose her father absolutely refuses to give her to him. Then he must still pay the price for getting married to a virgin.
18 “Do not let a woman who does evil magic stay alive. Put her to death.
19 “Anyone who has sex with an animal must be put to death.
20 “Anyone who sacrifices to any god other than the Lord must be destroyed.
21 “Do not treat outsiders badly. Do not give them a hard time. Remember, you were outsiders in Egypt.
22 “Do not take advantage of widows. Do not take advantage of children whose fathers have died. 23 If you do, they might cry out to me. I will certainly hear them. 24 And I will get angry. I will kill you with a sword. Your wives will become widows. Your children’s fathers will die.
25 “Suppose you lend money to one of my people among you who is in need. Then do not treat it like a business deal. Do not charge any interest at all. 26 Suppose your neighbor owes you money and gives you a coat as a promise to pay it back. Then return it by sunset. 27 That coat is the only thing your neighbor owns to wear or sleep in. When they cry out to me, I will listen, because I am loving and kind.
28 “Do not speak evil things against God. Do not curse the ruler of your people.
29 “Do not keep for yourself your grain offerings or wine offerings.
“You must give me the oldest of your sons. 30 Do the same with your cattle and sheep. Let them stay with their mothers for seven days. But give them to me on the eighth day.
31 “I want you to be my holy people. So do not eat the meat of any animal that has been torn by wild animals. Throw it to the dogs.
Exodus 22
Living Bible
22 “If a man steals an ox or sheep and then kills or sells it, he shall pay a fine of five to one—five oxen shall be returned for each stolen ox. For sheep, the fine shall be four to one—four sheep returned for each sheep stolen.
2 “If a thief is caught in the act of breaking into a house and is killed, the one who killed him is not guilty. 3 But if it happens in the daylight, it must be presumed to be murder and the man who kills him is guilty.
“If a thief is captured, he must make full restitution; if he can’t, then he must be sold as a slave for his debt.
4 “If he is caught in the act of stealing a live ox or donkey or sheep or whatever it is, he shall pay double value as his fine.
5 “If someone deliberately lets his animal loose and it gets into another man’s vineyard; or if he turns it into another man’s field to graze, he must pay for all damages by giving the owner of the field or vineyard an equal amount of the best of his own crop.
6 “If the field is being burned off and the fire gets out of control and goes into another field so that the shocks of grain, or the standing grain, are destroyed, the one who started the fire shall make full restitution.
7 “If someone gives money or goods to anyone to keep for him, and it is stolen, the thief shall pay double if he is found. 8 But if no thief is found, then the man to whom the valuables were entrusted shall be brought before God to determine whether or not he himself has stolen his neighbor’s property.
9 “In every case in which an ox, donkey, sheep, clothing, or anything else is lost, and the owner believes he has found it in the possession of someone else who denies it, both parties to the dispute shall come before God for a decision, and the one whom God declares guilty shall pay double to the other.
10 “If a man asks his neighbor to keep a donkey, ox, sheep, or any other animal for him, and it dies, or is hurt, or gets away, and there is no eyewitness to report just what happened to it, 11 then the neighbor must take an oath that he has not stolen it, and the owner must accept his word, and no restitution shall be made for it. 12 But if the animal or property has been stolen, the neighbor caring for it must repay the owner. 13 If it was attacked by some wild animal, he shall bring the torn carcass to confirm the fact, and shall not be required to make restitution.
14 “If a man borrows an animal (or anything else) from a neighbor, and it is injured or killed, and the owner is not there at the time, then the man who borrowed it must pay for it. 15 But if the owner is there, he need not pay; and if it was rented, then he need not pay, because this possibility was included in the original rental fee.
16 “If a man seduces a girl who is not engaged to anyone[a] and sleeps with her, he must pay the usual dowry and accept her as his wife. 17 But if her father utterly refuses to let her marry him, then he shall pay the money anyway.
18 “A sorceress shall be put to death.
19 “Anyone having sexual relations with an animal shall certainly be executed.
20 “Anyone sacrificing to any other god than Jehovah shall be executed.[b]
21 “You must not oppress a stranger in any way; remember, you yourselves were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
22 “You must not exploit widows or orphans; 23 if you do so in any way, and they cry to me for my help, I will surely give it. 24 And my anger shall flame out against you, and I will kill you with enemy armies, so that your wives will be widows and your children fatherless.
25 “If you lend money to a needy fellow Hebrew, you are not to handle the transaction in an ordinary way, with interest. 26 If you take his clothing as a pledge of his repayment, you must let him have it back at night. 27 For it is probably his only warmth; how can he sleep without it? If you don’t return it, and he cries to me for help, I will hear and be very gracious to him at your expense,[c] for I am very compassionate.
28 “You shall not blaspheme God, nor curse government officials—your judges and your rulers.
29 “You must be prompt in giving me the tithe of your crops and your wine, and the redemption payment for your oldest son.
30 “As to the firstborn of the oxen and the sheep, give it to me on the eighth day, after leaving it with its mother for seven days.
31 “And since you yourselves are holy—my special people—do not eat any animal that has been attacked and killed by a wild animal. Leave its carcass for the dogs to eat.
Footnotes
- Exodus 22:16 a girl who is not engaged to anyone, literally, “a virgin.” usual dowry, more literally, “customary marriage present to the bride’s parents.”
- Exodus 22:20 shall be executed, literally, “shall be utterly destroyed.”
- Exodus 22:27 at your expense, implied.
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