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The Law concerning Slaves

21 “These are the ordinances that you shall set before them:(A)

“When you buy a male Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years, but in the seventh he shall go out a free person, without debt.(B) If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out alone. But if the slave declares, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out a free person,’ then his master shall bring him before God. He shall be brought to the door or the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl, and he shall serve him for life.(C)

“When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do.(D) If she does not please her master, who designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed; he shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt unfairly with her. If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter. 10 If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish the food, clothing, or marital rights of the first wife.[a](E) 11 And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out without debt, without payment of money.

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Footnotes

  1. 21.10 Heb of her

Civil Laws

21 Now these are the ordinances which you are to set before them:

Laws About Servants

If you purchase a Hebrew servant, he is to serve for six years, but in the seventh he may go free without paying anything. If he comes in by himself, he will go out by himself. If he is married when he comes in, then his wife will go out with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children will belong to her master, and the servant will go out by himself. But if the servant formally declares, “I love my master, my wife, and my children. I do not want to go out free,” then his master shall bring him to the judges.[a] His master shall bring him to the door or to the doorpost, and he shall bore through his ear with an awl. Then he shall serve him for the rest of his life.

If a man sells his daughter to be a female servant, she may not be sent out of the household as the male servants may be. If she does not please her master who has married her, then he must let her be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has not kept his commitment to her. If he marries her to his son, he must deal with her as he would deal with a daughter. 10 If he takes a second wife for himself, he must not diminish the food, the clothing, or the marital rights[b] of the first wife. 11 If he does not do these three things for her, she may go free without paying any money.

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Footnotes

  1. Exodus 21:6 Or God. The Hebrew word is elohim, which usually means God, but see John 10:35.
  2. Exodus 21:10 The meaning of the Hebrew word translated marital rights is uncertain.