Exodus 21:22-23:13

New American Standard Bible

²² “Now if people struggle with each other and strike a pregnant woman so that ^[a]she gives birth prematurely, but there is no injury, the guilty person shall certainly be fined as the woman’s husband ^[b]may demand of him, and he shall ^(A)pay ^[c]as the judges decide. ²³ But if there is any further injury, ^(B)then you shall appoint as a penalty life for life, ^24 (C)eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, ²⁵ burn for burn, wound for wound, ^[d]bruise for bruise.

²⁶ “And if someone strikes the eye of his male or female slave and destroys it, he shall let ^[e]the slave go free on account of the eye. ²⁷ And if he ^[f]knocks out a tooth of his male or female slave, he shall let ^[g]the slave go free on account of the tooth.

²⁸ “Now if an ox gores a man or a woman ^[h]to death, ^(D)the ox shall certainly be stoned and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall go unpunished. ²⁹ If, however, an ox was previously in the habit of goring and its owner has been warned, yet he does not confine it and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned and its owner also shall be put to death. ³⁰ If a ransom is ^[i]demanded of him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is ^[j]demanded of him. ³¹ Whether it gores a son or ^[k]a daughter, it shall be done to him according to ^[l]the same rule. ³² If the ox gores a male or female slave, ^[m]the owner shall give his or her master ^[n](E)thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

Property Rights

³³ “Now if someone opens a pit, or ^[o]digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it, ³⁴ the owner of the pit shall make restitution; he shall ^[p]give money to its owner, and the dead animal shall become his.

³⁵ “And if someone’s ox injures another’s ox so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide its proceeds equally; and they shall also divide the dead ox. ³⁶ Or if it is known that the ox was previously in the habit of goring, yet its owner has not confined it, he must make restitution of ox for ox, and the dead animal shall become his.

Property Rights

22 “^[q]If someone steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for the ox and ^(F)four sheep for the sheep— ^2 [r]If the ^(G)thief is ^[s]caught while ^[t]breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there will be no guilt for bloodshed on his account. ³ If the sun has risen on him, there will be guilt for bloodshed on his account—A thief shall certainly make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be ^(H)sold for his theft. ⁴ If what he stole is actually found alive in his ^[u]possession, whether an ox or a donkey or a sheep, ^(I)he shall pay double.

⁵ “If someone lets a field or vineyard be grazed bare and lets his animal loose so that it grazes in another person’s field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard.

⁶ “If a fire breaks out and spreads to thorn bushes, and stacked grain or the standing grain or the field itself is consumed, the one who started the fire must make restitution.

⁷ “^(J)If someone gives his neighbor money or goods to keep for him and it is stolen from the ^[v]neighbor’s house, if the thief is ^[w]caught, then the thief shall pay double. ⁸ If the thief is not ^[x]caught, then the owner of the house shall ^[y]appear before ^[z](K)the judges, to determine whether he ^[aa]laid his hands on his neighbor’s property. ⁹ For every ^[ab]breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, ‘This is it,’ the ^[ac]case of both parties shall come before ^[ad](L)the judges; he whom ^[ae]the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor.

¹⁰ “If someone gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep for him, and it dies or is injured or is driven away while no one is looking, ¹¹ an ^(M)oath before the Lord shall be ^[af]taken by the two of them ^[ag]that he has not ^[ah]laid a hand on his neighbor’s property; and its owner shall accept it, and he shall not be compelled to make restitution. ¹² But if it is actually stolen from him, he shall make restitution to its owner. ¹³ If it is all torn to pieces, have him bring it as evidence; he shall not be compelled to make restitution for what has been torn to pieces.

¹⁴ “And if someone ^[ai]borrows an animal from his neighbor, and it is injured or dies while its owner is not with it, he shall make full restitution. ¹⁵ If its owner is with it, the borrower shall not be compelled to make restitution. If it is hired, it ^[aj]came by its hire.

Various Laws

¹⁶ “^(N)If a man seduces a virgin who is not ^[ak]betrothed and sleeps with her, he must pay a ^[al]dowry for her to be his wife. ¹⁷ If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he shall ^[am]pay money equal to the ^(O)dowry for virgins.

¹⁸ “You shall not allow a ^(P)sorceress to live.

¹⁹ “^(Q)Whoever has sexual intercourse with an animal must be put to death.

²⁰ “^(R)He who sacrifices to ^[an]any god, other than to the Lord alone, shall be ^[ao]utterly destroyed.

²¹ “^(S)You shall not oppress a stranger nor torment him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. ^22 (T)You shall not oppress any widow or orphan. ²³ If you oppress him at all, and ^(U)if he does cry out to Me, ^(V)I will assuredly hear his cry; ²⁴ and My anger will be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword, ^(W)and your wives shall become widows and your children fatherless.

²⁵ “^(X)If you lend money to My people, to the poor ^[ap]among you, you are not to ^[aq]act as a creditor to him; you shall not ^[ar]charge him ^(Y)interest. ²⁶ If you ever seize your neighbor’s cloak ^(Z)as a pledge, you are to return it to him before the sun sets, ²⁷ for that is his only covering; it is his cloak for his ^[as]body. What else is he to sleep in? And it will come about that ^(AA)when he cries out to Me, I will listen to him, for ^(AB)I am gracious.

²⁸ “You shall not ^[at](AC)curse God, ^(AD)nor curse a ruler of your people.

²⁹ “^(AE)You shall not hold back the offering from your entire harvest and your ^[au]wine. ^(AF)The firstborn of your sons you shall give to Me. ^30 (AG)You shall do the same with your oxen and with your sheep. It shall be with its mother for seven days; ^(AH)on the eighth day you shall give it to Me.

³¹ “^(AI)You shall be holy people to Me, therefore ^(AJ)you shall not eat any flesh torn to pieces in the field; you shall throw it to the dogs.

Various Laws

23 “^(AK)You shall not give a false report; do not join your hand with a wicked person to be a ^(AL)malicious witness. ² You shall not follow ^[av]the crowd in doing evil, nor shall you ^[aw]testify in a dispute so as to join together with ^[ax]a crowd in order to ^(AM)pervert justice; ^3 (AN)nor shall you ^[ay]show favor to a poor person in his dispute.

⁴ “^(AO)If you encounter your enemy’s ox or his donkey wandering away, you must return it to him. ^5 (AP)If you see the donkey of one who hates you lying helpless under its load, you shall not leave it helpless for ^[az]its owner; you must arrange the load with him.

⁶ “^(AQ)You shall not pervert the justice due to your needy brother in his dispute. ^7 (AR)Keep far from a false charge, and ^(AS)do not kill the innocent or the righteous, for ^(AT)I will not acquit the guilty.

⁸ “^(AU)You shall not take a bribe, for a bribe blinds the clear-sighted and ^[ba]subverts the cause of the just.

⁹ “^(AV)You shall not oppress a stranger, since you yourselves know the ^[bb]feelings of a stranger, for you also were strangers in the land of Egypt.

The Sabbath and the Land

¹⁰ “Now ^(AW)you shall sow your land for six years and gather in its yield, ¹¹ but in the seventh year you shall let it ^[bc]rest and lie uncultivated, so that the needy of your people may eat; and whatever they leave the animal of the field may eat. You are to do the same with your vineyard and your olive grove.

¹² “^(AX)For six days you are to do your work, but on the seventh day you shall cease from labor so that your ox and your donkey may rest, and the son of your female slave, as well as the stranger residing with you, may refresh themselves. ¹³ Now ^(AY)concerning everything which I have said to you, be careful; and ^(AZ)do not mention the name of other gods, nor let them be heard ^[bd]from your mouth.