Add parallel Print Page Options

19 The Israelis arrived in the Sinai peninsula three months after the night of their departure from Egypt. 2-3 After breaking camp at Rephidim, they came to the base of Mount Sinai and set up camp there. Moses climbed the rugged mountain to meet with God, and from somewhere in the mountain God called to him and said, “Give these instructions to the people of Israel. Tell them, ‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I brought you to myself as though on eagles’ wings. Now if you will obey me and keep your part of my contract with you, you shall be my own little flock from among all the nations of the earth; for all the earth is mine. And you shall be a kingdom of priests to God, a holy nation.’”

Moses returned from the mountain and called together the leaders of the people and told them what the Lord had said.

They all responded in unison, “We will certainly do everything he asks of us.” Moses reported the words of the people to the Lord.

Then he said to Moses, “I am going to come to you in the form of a dark cloud, so that the people themselves can hear me when I talk with you, and then they will always believe you. 10 Go down now and see that the people are ready for my visit. Sanctify them today and tomorrow, and have them wash their clothes. 11 Then, the day after tomorrow, I will come down upon Mount Sinai as all the people watch. 12 Set boundary lines the people may not pass, and tell them, ‘Beware! Do not go up into the mountain or even touch its boundaries; whoever does shall die— 13 no hand shall touch him, but he shall be stoned or shot to death with arrows, whether man or animal.’ Stay away from the mountain entirely until you hear a ram’s horn sounding one long blast; then gather at the foot of the mountain!”

14 So Moses went down to the people and sanctified them and they washed their clothing.

15 He told them, “Get ready for God’s appearance two days from now, and do not have sexual intercourse with your wives.”

16 On the morning of the third day there was a terrific thunder and lightning storm, and a huge cloud came down upon the mountain, and there was a long, loud blast as from a ram’s horn; and all the people trembled. 17 Moses led them out from the camp to meet God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain. 18 All Mount Sinai was covered with smoke because Jehovah descended upon it in the form of fire; the smoke billowed into the sky as from a furnace, and the whole mountain shook with a violent earthquake. 19 As the trumpet blast grew louder and louder, Moses spoke and God thundered his reply. 20 So the Lord came down upon the top of Mount Sinai and called Moses up to the top of the mountain, and Moses ascended to God.

21 But the Lord told Moses, “Go back down and warn the people not to cross the boundaries. They must not come up here to try to see God, for if they do, many of them will die. 22 Even the priests on duty[a] must sanctify themselves, or else I will destroy them.”

23 “But the people won’t come up into the mountain!” Moses protested. “You told them not to! You told me to set boundaries around the mountain and to declare it off limits because it is reserved for God.”

24 But Jehovah said, “Go down and bring Aaron back with you, and don’t let the priests and the people break across the boundaries to try to come up here, or I will punish them.”

25 So Moses went down to the people and told them what God had said.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 19:22 the priests on duty, literally, “the priests who come near to Jehovah.”

At Mount Sinai

19 On the first day of the third month after the Israelites left Egypt(A)—on that very day—they came to the Desert of Sinai.(B) After they set out from Rephidim,(C) they entered the Desert of Sinai, and Israel camped there in the desert in front of the mountain.(D)

Then Moses went up to God,(E) and the Lord called(F) to him from the mountain and said, “This is what you are to say to the descendants of Jacob and what you are to tell the people of Israel: ‘You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt,(G) and how I carried you on eagles’ wings(H) and brought you to myself.(I) Now if you obey me fully(J) and keep my covenant,(K) then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession.(L) Although the whole earth(M) is mine, you[a] will be for me a kingdom of priests(N) and a holy nation.’(O) These are the words you are to speak to the Israelites.”

So Moses went back and summoned the elders(P) of the people and set before them all the words the Lord had commanded him to speak.(Q) The people all responded together, “We will do everything the Lord has said.”(R) So Moses brought their answer back to the Lord.

The Lord said to Moses, “I am going to come to you in a dense cloud,(S) so that the people will hear me speaking(T) with you and will always put their trust(U) in you.” Then Moses told the Lord what the people had said.

10 And the Lord said to Moses, “Go to the people and consecrate(V) them today and tomorrow. Have them wash their clothes(W) 11 and be ready by the third day,(X) because on that day the Lord will come down(Y) on Mount Sinai(Z) in the sight of all the people. 12 Put limits(AA) for the people around the mountain and tell them, ‘Be careful that you do not approach the mountain or touch the foot of it. Whoever touches the mountain is to be put to death. 13 They are to be stoned(AB) or shot with arrows; not a hand is to be laid on them. No person or animal shall be permitted to live.’ Only when the ram’s horn(AC) sounds a long blast may they approach the mountain.”(AD)

14 After Moses had gone down the mountain to the people, he consecrated them, and they washed their clothes.(AE) 15 Then he said to the people, “Prepare yourselves for the third day. Abstain(AF) from sexual relations.”

16 On the morning of the third day there was thunder(AG) and lightning, with a thick cloud(AH) over the mountain, and a very loud trumpet blast.(AI) Everyone in the camp trembled.(AJ) 17 Then Moses led the people out of the camp to meet with God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain.(AK) 18 Mount Sinai was covered with smoke,(AL) because the Lord descended on it in fire.(AM) The smoke billowed up from it like smoke from a furnace,(AN) and the whole mountain[b] trembled(AO) violently. 19 As the sound of the trumpet grew louder and louder, Moses spoke and the voice(AP) of God answered(AQ) him.[c]

20 The Lord descended to the top of Mount Sinai(AR) and called Moses to the top of the mountain. So Moses went up 21 and the Lord said to him, “Go down and warn the people so they do not force their way through to see(AS) the Lord and many of them perish.(AT) 22 Even the priests, who approach(AU) the Lord, must consecrate(AV) themselves, or the Lord will break out against them.”(AW)

23 Moses said to the Lord, “The people cannot come up Mount Sinai,(AX) because you yourself warned us, ‘Put limits(AY) around the mountain and set it apart as holy.’”

24 The Lord replied, “Go down and bring Aaron(AZ) up with you. But the priests and the people must not force their way through to come up to the Lord, or he will break out against them.”(BA)

25 So Moses went down to the people and told them.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 19:6 Or possession, for the whole earth is mine. You
  2. Exodus 19:18 Most Hebrew manuscripts; a few Hebrew manuscripts and Septuagint and all the people
  3. Exodus 19:19 Or and God answered him with thunder

L’alliance du Sinaï

L’arrivée au mont Sinaï

19 Le troisième mois après leur départ d’Egypte, ce jour même, les Israélites arrivèrent au désert du Sinaï[a]. Après être partis de Rephidim, ils entrèrent dans ce désert et y dressèrent leur camp en face de la montagne.

Dieu adopte Israël

Moïse gravit la montagne pour aller vers Dieu. D’en haut, Dieu l’appela et lui dit : Voici comment tu parleras aux descendants de Jacob et ce que tu annonceras aux Israélites : « Vous avez vu vous-mêmes comment j’ai traité les Egyptiens et comment je vous ai portés comme sur des ailes d’aigle pour vous faire venir jusqu’à moi[b]. Maintenant, si vous m’obéissez et si vous restez fidèles à mon alliance, vous serez pour moi un peuple précieux parmi tous les peuples, bien que toute la terre m’appartienne. Oui vous, vous serez pour moi un royaume de prêtres, une nation sainte. » Telles sont les paroles que tu transmettras aux Israélites[c].

Moïse retourna au camp, convoqua les responsables du peuple et leur transmit toutes les paroles de l’Eternel. Alors le peuple s’écria à l’unanimité : Nous ferons tout ce que l’Eternel a dit.

Moïse rapporta à l’Eternel la réponse du peuple.

L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Voici que je viendrai te trouver au sein d’une épaisse nuée pour que le peuple entende lorsque je parlerai avec toi et qu’ils aient pour toujours confiance en toi.

Et Moïse rapporta à l’Eternel les paroles du peuple.

La purification rituelle

10 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Va trouver le peuple et demande-lui d’accomplir aujourd’hui et demain des rites de purification et de laver leurs vêtements. 11 Qu’ils se tiennent prêts pour après-demain, car ce jour-là, je descendrai sur le mont Sinaï à la vue de tout le peuple. 12 Tu leur fixeras des limites autour de la montagne et tu leur donneras cet avertissement : « Gardez-vous bien de gravir cette montagne et même de vous en approcher ; quiconque s’en approchera sera puni de mort. 13 Si quelqu’un transgresse cet ordre, on ne le touchera pas, mais on le lapidera ou on le percera de flèches. Qu’il s’agisse d’une bête ou d’un homme, il ne restera pas en vie. C’est seulement lorsque la corne du bélier sonnera que certains[d] monteront sur la montagne[e]. »

14 Moïse redescendit de la montagne vers le peuple pour lui faire accomplir les rites de purification. Ils lavèrent aussi leurs vêtements. 15 Puis il leur dit : Tenez-vous prêts pour après-demain. Abstenez-vous d’ici-là de tout rapport sexuel[f].

L’Eternel descend sur le mont Sinaï

16 Le surlendemain, dès le lever du jour, il y eut des coups de tonnerre et des éclairs, une épaisse nuée couvrit la montagne et l’on entendit un son de corne très puissant. Dans le camp, tout le peuple se mit à trembler de peur. 17 Moïse fit sortir tout le monde du camp, à la rencontre de Dieu. Ils se tinrent au pied de la montagne. 18 Le mont Sinaï était entièrement enveloppé de fumée parce que l’Eternel était descendu là au milieu du feu, et la fumée s’élevait comme celle d’une fournaise. Toute la montagne était secouée d’un violent tremblement de terre. 19 Le son du cor allait en s’amplifiant énormément. Moïse parlait, et Dieu lui répondait dans le tonnerre[g]. 20 L’Eternel était descendu sur le sommet du mont Sinaï, et il y appela Moïse. Moïse monta.

21 L’Eternel lui dit : Redescends avertir le peuple de ne pas se précipiter vers l’Eternel pour le voir, car beaucoup d’entre eux y perdraient la vie. 22 Même les prêtres[h] qui s’approchent de moi doivent se purifier, sous peine de voir l’Eternel décimer leurs rangs.

23 Moïse dit à l’Eternel : Le peuple ne saurait gravir le mont Sinaï puisque tu nous as toi-même prescrit de fixer des limites autour de la montagne et de la tenir pour sacrée.

24 L’Eternel lui répéta : Va, redescends, et puis tu remonteras avec Aaron. Mais que les prêtres et le peuple ne se précipitent pas pour monter vers moi, de peur que je ne décime leurs rangs.

25 Moïse redescendit vers le peuple pour lui parler.

Footnotes

  1. 19.1 Le mot Sinaï désigne tantôt la montagne, tantôt le désert au sud-est de la péninsule. Les Israélites sont restés là près d’une année.
  2. 19.4 La femelle de l’aigle porte ses petits sur ses ailes pendant son vol (voir Dt 32.11). Allusion à la manière dont Dieu a fait surmonter les difficultés à son peuple, en particulier en lui faisant traverser la barrière apparemment infranchissable de la mer des Roseaux.
  3. 19.6 Voir Dt 4.20 ; 7.6 ; 14.2 ; 26.18 ; Tt 2.14 ; Ap 1.6 ; 5.10 ; cité en 1 P 2.9.
  4. 19.13 Aaron et ses deux fils ainsi que soixante-dix responsables du peuple d’Israël pourront monter sur la montagne (24.1, 9-10).
  5. 19.13 Allusion en Hé 12.18-20.
  6. 19.15 Pour ne pas être dans un état d’impureté rituelle (voir Lv 15.18, 21 ; 1 S 21.4-5).
  7. 19.19 Voir Hé 12.18-24.
  8. 19.22 Probablement les chefs de famille qui au temps des patriarches avaient des fonctions sacerdotales, ou des responsables d’Israël (voir 3.16, 18 ; 12.21 ; 18.12).